• Peptides that are antigenic for T lymphocytes are ligands for two receptors, the class I or II glycoproteins that are encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex, and the idiotypic / chain T-cell antigen receptor1-9. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • From a compilation of known antigenic peptides, two algorithms have been proposed to predict antigenic sites in proteins. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Protective immunity to viruses is mediated primarily by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which recognize viral peptides of 8-11 amino acids bound to major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on the surface of infected cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In genetically susceptible individuals, this antigenic stimulation may ultimately result in the expression of overt rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via molecular mimicry, a process whereby foreign peptides, similar in structure to endogenous peptides, may cause antibodies or T-lymphocytes to cross-react with both foreign and endogenous peptides and thereby break immunological tolerance. (cambridge.org)
  • We present an analysis that synthesizes information on the sequence, structure, and motifs of antigenic peptides, which previously appeared to be in conflict. (huji.ac.il)
  • Fourier analysis of T-cell antigenic peptides indicates a periodic variation in amino acid polarities of 3-3.6 residues per period, suggesting an amphipathic α-helical structure. (huji.ac.il)
  • These results provide a sound physical chemical and structural basis for the existence of a haplotype-independent antigenic motif which can be particularly important in limiting the search time for antigenic peptides. (huji.ac.il)
  • Whereas B cells recognize native, unprocessed antigens IRAK inhibitor 3 using their B-cell receptor (BCR), T cells recognize antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) using their T-cell receptor (TCR). (findadig.com)
  • Both these processes are initiated and regulated by T-helper (Th) cells that recognize antigenic peptides presented by MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MHC-II molecules present antigenic peptides internalized by professional antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, or T lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It encodes cell surface molecules specialized to present antigenic peptides to the T-cell receptor (TCR) on T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The regulatory role of macrophages in antigenic stimulation. (wikidata.org)
  • They result in nonspecific T-lymphocyte stimulation without normal antigenic recognition. (medscape.com)
  • Possible pathogenetic mechanisms may include chronic antigenic stimulation of lymphocytes, proliferation of EBV-infected B lymphocytes, and direct mutagenic effects of metallic ions. (karger.com)
  • In the present review, we provide evidence for how the interaction of dietary lectins with enterocytes and lymphocytes may facilitate the translocation of both dietary and gut-derived pathogenic antigens to peripheral tissues, which in turn causes persistent peripheral antigenic stimulation. (cambridge.org)
  • The experience with MALT lymphoma in other organ systems has demonstrated the role of chronic antigenic stimulation and infection in lymphomagenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • How do B cells respond to antigenic stimulation? (edcentral.co)
  • Inhibits IL2 and IL4 transcription, thereby playing an important role in the induction of the anergic phenotype, a long-term stable state of T-lymphocyte unresponsiveness to antigenic stimulation associated with the blockade of interleukin production. (nih.gov)
  • Original antigenic sin impairs cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to viruses bearing variant epitopes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The influence of antigenic variation on cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in HIV-1 infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Most influenza A virus-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes react with antigenic epitopes associated with internal virus determinants. (rupress.org)
  • This lysis of syngeneic target cells infected with the influenza A virus strains, Aichi (H3N2), PR8 (H1N1), or recombinant strain X31 (H3N2) indicates that most antigenic epitopes recognized are associated with internal virus determinants. (rupress.org)
  • Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte" by people in this website by year, and whether "Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
  • A vaccine must at minimum contain two antigenic epitopes: one to induce specific B-cell or CTL responses and another to induce specific Th cells that regulate (initiate, enhance, or suppress) immune responses [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These breaks are necessary to create the vast diversity seen in lymphocyte antigen receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Radic MZ, Erikson J, Litwin S, & Weigert M (1993) B lymphocytes may escape tolerance by revising their antigen receptors. (uthsc.edu)
  • Like many receptors on the cell surface, the antigen receptors on the surface of lymphocytes are taken up into the cell by endocytosis together with the antigens they bind.1,2 This is surprising because the antigens recognized by the TCR, the peptide-MHC complexes, are integral membrane proteins, which do not Rabbit Polyclonal to HDAC7A normally pass from one cell membrane to another. (findadig.com)
  • Next-generation vaccines that utilize T cells could potentially overcome the limitations of current influenza vaccines that rely on antibodies to provide narrow subtype-specific protection and are prone to antigenic mismatch with circulating strains. (mdpi.com)
  • Recent studies using neutralizing anti-CCL5 antibodies have suggested that the constitutive expression of CCL5 plays a regulatory role in maintaining tissue-resident memory (Trm) T cells in the human vaginal tract 9 and mouse skin 10 , suggesting that constitutive CCL5 expression in noninflamed conditions, hereafter referred to as homeostatic CCL5 expression, might be important for homeostasis of tissue-resident lymphocytes. (nature.com)
  • The B lymphocytes are transformed into plasma cells and secrete antibodies. (brainkart.com)
  • Because of the high effector mechanisms that either directly or indirectly pro- degree of antigenic drift among circulating influenza strains mote lysis of infected cells. (cdc.gov)
  • ed tissues, the intensity of which and chemical alkylating agents are varies with the degree of antigenic considered to cause cancer primar- Immunosuppressive difference between graft and host. (who.int)
  • The combination of electrophoretic separation of complex mixtures of antigens with the highly sensitive immunoblotting technique has been useful in characterizing the antigenic profile of HIV-1 and describing the immune response to this virus in exposed or infected persons. (cdc.gov)
  • Identification of these mutated antigens allows us to further study specific T cell activation using mixed lymphocyte reaction assays. (bmj.com)
  • After acquiring immu-nological competency, the lymphocytes migrate to secondary lymphoid organs to induce appropriate immune response on exposure to antigens. (brainkart.com)
  • Some viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in humans, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice, are initially controlled by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but may subsequently escape through mutation of the relevant T-cell epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) typically susceptible to antigenic variation. (cdc.gov)
  • The goal of vaccination is to induce immunity against pathogens and cancer cells by stimulating antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protozoan parasite evades the host immune system by antigenic variation, a periodic switching of its variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat. (nih.gov)
  • Disruption of local CCL21 gradients inhibits the recycling of BEM cells and results in less efficient adaption to antigenic variation. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Given that lymphocyte production, including T and B cell development, starts early in gestation [ 7 ] and that critical stages in development of the immune system may also reflect temporal variation in susceptibility to immunotoxicants, this study investigated the association between maternal exposure to air pollution during each month of gestation and cord blood lymphocyte proportions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This phenomenon of 'original antigenic sin' was initially described in influenza and is an asymmetric pattern of protective antibody crossreactivity determined by exposure to previously existing strains, which may therefore extend to some CTL responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) to generate surface protein diversity, and by B lymphocytes of the vertebrate immune system to generate antibody diversity. (nih.gov)
  • The antibody stains epithelial cell and T and b lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • B lymphocytes are primarily responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. (brainkart.com)
  • While it is known that genotoxic agents, such as IR, activate transcriptional programs involved in maintaining the integrity of the genome, we also want to investigate whether or not the genotoxic breaks could affect lymphocyte-specific maturation transcriptional responses similar to those we observed following RAG-induced physiological DSBs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vitro, both compounds suppress lymphocyte mitogenic and antigenic responses that are partially reversed by exogenous ADA [ 13 ]. (medilib.ir)
  • We report here that a systematic delimitation of an antigenic site precisely identifies a predicted pentapeptide motif as the minimal antigenic determinant presented by a class I MHC molecule and recognized by a cytolytic T lymphocyte clone. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • CD57, also known as HNK-1, NK-1, and Leu-7 is a 100-115 kD oligosaccharide antigenic determinant expressed on a variety of proteins, lipids, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. (biolegend.com)
  • Oligosaccharide antigenic determinant present on a variety of proteins, lipds, and chrondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, 100-115 kD. (biolegend.com)
  • Recycling of memory B cells between germinal center and lymph node subcapsular sinus supports affinity maturation to antigenic drift. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Our findings thus suggest that the recycling of antigen variant-specific BEM cells and transport of antigen back to GC may support affinity maturation to antigenic drift. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Unfortunately, influenza vaccine composition needs to be updated annually due to antigenic shift and drift in the viral immunogen hemagglutinin (HA). (mdpi.com)
  • In order to determine whether isolated CSC populations contained antigenic cancer-related mutations, exomic sequencing was performed on tumor cell lines from 5 distinct melanoma tumors using Illumina's sequencing technology. (bmj.com)
  • To investigate the effects of age and gender on human lymphocyte populations, we studied lymphocyte subsets and their expression of activation markers in peripheral blood in healthy people above the age of 21, and analyzed this according to gender. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By eliminating dietary elements, particularly lectins, which adversely influence both enterocyte and lymphocyte structure and function, it is proposed that the peripheral antigenic stimulus (both pathogenic and dietary) will be reduced and thereby result in a diminution of disease symptoms in certain patients with RA. (cambridge.org)
  • Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD56 APC and CD57 (clone QA17A04) Brilliant Violet 605™ (left), or mouse IgG1, κ Brilliant Violet 605™ isotype control (right). (biolegend.com)
  • CD57 is expressed on a subset of peripheral blood lymphocytes, including NK cells and CD8 + T cells, and is also expressed on neural cells and striated muscle. (biolegend.com)
  • These revised guidelines were developed by CDC for laboratories performing lymphocyte immunophenotyping assays in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. (cdc.gov)
  • In order for this strategy to be effective, latently infected cells must be killed either by the cytopathic effect of reactivated HIV gene expression, or by HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, this strategy for the eradication of HIV hinges on the assumption that latently infected cells will be killed by the reactivation of latent proviruses, either as a result of cytopathic effects of HIV gene expression, or through lysis by HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). (frontiersin.org)
  • Cord blood was analyzed using a FACSort flow cytometer to determine proportions of T lymphocytes (CD3 + cells and their subsets, CD4 + and CD8 + ), B lymphocytes (CD19 + ) and natural killer (NK) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed this study to see if there were differences between males and females in the frequency of the different lymphocyte subsets with age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cause of the change in percentage of lymphocyte subsets with age, and the different effects on males and females is not fully understood but warrants further study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HIV infection is characterized by a decrease and, eventually, a depletion of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (helper T cells). (cdc.gov)
  • CD4+ T-lymphocyte levels also are used as prognostic indicators in patients who have HIV disease (17,18) and recently have been included as one of the criteria for initiating prophylaxis for several opportunistic infections that are sequelae of HIV infection (19,20). (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, CD4+ T-lymphocyte levels are a criterion for categorizing HIV-related clinical conditions by CDC's classification system for HIV infection and surveillance case definition for AIDS among adults and adolescents (21). (cdc.gov)
  • A mathematical model and CD4+ lymphocyte dynamics in HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • This massive activation of lymphocytes leads to release of cytokines that contribute to the development of toxic shock syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Genotoxic damage causes robust alterations to pathways associated with B cell activation and increased proliferation, suggesting that genotoxic damage initiates not only the normal B cell maturation processes but also mimics activated B cell response to antigenic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antigen recognition results in activation of the lymphocytes, the acquisition of their effector functions, and their cooperation with other cell types in the course of the adaptive immune response. (findadig.com)
  • A critical question in this respect refers to the antigenic composition of a successful vaccine. (asm.org)
  • The adjusted models show significant associations between PAHs or PM 2.5 during early gestation and increases in CD3 + and CD4 + lymphocytes percentages and decreases in CD19 + and NK cell percentages in cord blood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results suggest genotoxic damage may induce a unique cancer-prone phenotype and processes mimicking activated B cell response to antigenic agents, as well as the normal B cell maturation processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This paper shows that most murine (C57BL/6) influenza A virus-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones tested in limiting dilution did not react with the influenza A virus surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (rupress.org)
  • Using immunophenotyping, HIV-positive blood samples and age-matched controls were tested for the proportion of lymphocytes that are T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ T cells (helper T cells), and CD8+ T cells (suppressor/inducer T cells). (cdc.gov)
  • Specific Treg then provide active tolerance to the harmless food proteins at all mucosal surfaces, either via cell contact or via their secretion of immunosuppressive factors that both prevent the induction of adaptive T helper (Th) lymphocytes in response to antigenic re-exposure ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • It contains predominantly mature T lymphocytesand has a larger epithelial cell-to-lymphocyte ratio than the cor-tex. (brainkart.com)
  • In this review we examine the mechanisms by which mutation within peptide antigen-encoding regions of the viral genome enables HIV-1 to evade recognition by virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CD45 has several isoforms, expressed according to cell type, developmental stage and antigenic exposure (1‑5). (rndsystems.com)
  • We identified a central lymphocyte-specific transcriptional response common to both physiologic and genotoxic breaks, which includes many lymphocyte developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The last stage in the process of measuring the percentage of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the whole-blood sample is referred to as 'immunophenotyping by flow cytometry' (22-28). (cdc.gov)
  • The CDC guidelines concerning CD4+ T-cell determinations (33) were first published in the MMWR in 1992 to provide laboratorians with the most complete information about how to measure CD4+ T-lymphocytes in blood from HIV-infected persons by using flow cytometry. (cdc.gov)
  • These are the organs in which precursor lymphocytes proliferate, develop, and differ-entiate from lymphoid stem cells to become immunologically competent cells. (brainkart.com)
  • RC5: data virus de Epstein Barr y se identificó el genoma viral en el líquido cefalorraquídeo, a través de la prueba de reacción en cadena management. (bvsalud.org)
  • There was no significant association between alterations in lymphocyte distribution and air pollution exposure during the mid gestation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is largely attributable to the decrease in T-lymphocytes that bear the CD4 receptor (4-8). (cdc.gov)
  • Original antigenic sin by CTL leads to impaired clearance of variant viruses infecting the same individual and so may enhance the immune escape of mutant viruses evolving in an individual host. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study investigates the association between cord blood lymphocyte proportions and maternal exposure to air pollution during each gestational month. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Surface cathepsin B protects cytotoxic lymphocytes from self-destruction after degranulation", JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE , vol. 196, 2002, pp. 493-503. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Physiologic dsDNA breaks are generated in a variety of normal cellular functions, including the RAG endonuclease-mediated rearrangement of antigen receptor genes during the normal development of lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We previously showed that physiologic breaks initiate lymphocyte development-specific transcriptional programs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to physiologic breaks, lymphocytes are exposed to a variety of genotoxic damage from exogenous sources. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequencing results, combined with epigenetic data, indicated the presence of cancer and metastasis-related driver mutations with highly antigenic properties. (bmj.com)
  • Enumeration of CD4+ lymphocytes in HIV-positive participants and age-matched controls was performed on cryopreserved whole blood using the method reported by Fiebig et. (cdc.gov)
  • Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to estimate associations between monthly PAH or PM 2.5 and cord blood lymphocytes, adjusting for year of birth and district of residence and, in further models, gestational season and number of prior live births. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PAHs and PM 2.5 in ambient air may influence fetal immune development via shifts in cord blood lymphocytes distributions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All animals presented leukocyte elevation by increased lymphocytes, however, with no significant difference. (scielo.br)
  • Consequently, the Public Health Service (PHS) has recommended that CD4+ T-lymphocyte levels be monitored every 3-6 months in all HIV-infected persons (11). (cdc.gov)
  • There is reported to be a decline in immune function and an alteration in the frequency of circulating lymphocytes with advancing age. (biomedcentral.com)