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LymphocytesLymphocyte ActivationLymphocyte SubsetsT-LymphocytesLymphocyte CountB-LymphocytesLymphocyte Culture Test, MixedLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingSpleenPhytohemagglutininsT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicLymphocyte TransfusionCells, CulturedCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesConcanavalin ALeukocyte CountCytotoxicity, ImmunologicFlow CytometryInterleukin-2CD8-Positive T-LymphocytesT-Lymphocyte SubsetsAntigens, CD3Lymphocyte DepletionMitogensImmunity, CellularAntigens, CDMice, Inbred C57BLReceptors, Lymphocyte HomingLymph NodesLymphocyte CooperationLymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1Rosette FormationAntibodies, MonoclonalMice, Inbred BALB CKiller Cells, NaturalThymus GlandAntigens, Differentiation, T-LymphocyteCytotoxicity Tests, ImmunologicLectinsInterferon-gammaAntigens, SurfaceReceptors, Antigen, B-CellImmunophenotypingCD4 Lymphocyte CountCell SeparationCell LineReceptors, Antigen, T-CellLeukemia, LymphoidImmune Adherence ReactionImmunoglobulinsLymphocytes, NullClone CellsCytokinesCD4-CD8 RatioLymphoid TissuePalatine TonsilPokeweed MitogensCell DivisionAntigensMolecular Sequence DataMonocytesAntigens, CD45Jurkat CellsEpitopesThoracic DuctAntibody FormationImmunoglobulin MThymidineMice, Inbred StrainsMacrophagesLeukocytes, MononuclearTime FactorsT-Lymphocytes, Helper-InducerImmunoglobulin GMembrane GlycoproteinsAntigens, CD4Receptors, Interleukin-2T-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryCell MovementHistocompatibility AntigensApoptosisCell AdhesionIsoantigensImmune ToleranceLeukocytesLymphopeniaImmunologic MemoryAntigens, NeoplasmReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-deltaReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-betaMice, KnockoutCell DifferentiationB-Lymphocyte SubsetsInterleukin-4RNA, MessengerFluorescent Antibody TechniqueImmunologic CappingHypersensitivity, DelayedDendritic CellsAmino Acid Sequence
PeptidesStimulationEpitopesCytotoxic T lymphocyte responsAntigensDeterminantsAntibodiesEpitopeMacrophagesDegree of antigenicCTLsReceptorsAntibodyActivationVariationHelperResponsesPopulationsVaccineInfectionImmunityAssaysSubsetsCD19InduceInfluenzaEpithelialRecognitionDevelopmentalVivoFlow cytometryPercentagePeripheralReceptorOrgansAlterationsVirusesExposureSpecificImmune responseBreaksResultsProductionCell line
Peptides12
  • Protective immunity to viruses is mediated primarily by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which recognize viral peptides of 8-11 amino acids bound to major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on the surface of infected cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In genetically susceptible individuals, this antigenic stimulation may ultimately result in the expression of overt rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via molecular mimicry, a process whereby foreign peptides, similar in structure to endogenous peptides, may cause antibodies or T-lymphocytes to cross-react with both foreign and endogenous peptides and thereby break immunological tolerance. (cambridge.org)
  • We present an analysis that synthesizes information on the sequence, structure, and motifs of antigenic peptides, which previously appeared to be in conflict. (huji.ac.il)
  • Fourier analysis of T-cell antigenic peptides indicates a periodic variation in amino acid polarities of 3-3.6 residues per period, suggesting an amphipathic α-helical structure. (huji.ac.il)
  • These results provide a sound physical chemical and structural basis for the existence of a haplotype-independent antigenic motif which can be particularly important in limiting the search time for antigenic peptides. (huji.ac.il)
  • Whereas B cells recognize native, unprocessed antigens IRAK inhibitor 3 using their B-cell receptor (BCR), T cells recognize antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) using their T-cell receptor (TCR). (findadig.com)
  • Both these processes are initiated and regulated by T-helper (Th) cells that recognize antigenic peptides presented by MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MHC-II molecules present antigenic peptides internalized by professional antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, or T lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Helper T lymphocytes bind antigenic peptides presented by MHC class II molecules. (progen.com)
  • MHC class II molecules bind 13-18 amino acid antigenic peptides. (progen.com)
  • In the early 1990s Dr. Cerundolo made key discoveries characterizing the cellular mechanisms involved in the presentation of intracellular peptides to MHC class I-restricted T lymphocytes, which have had a great impact on the field. (aacrjournals.org)
  • It encodes cell surface molecules specialized to present antigenic peptides to the T-cell receptor (TCR) on T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Stimulation7
  • The regulatory role of macrophages in antigenic stimulation. (wikidata.org)
  • Possible pathogenetic mechanisms may include chronic antigenic stimulation of lymphocytes, proliferation of EBV-infected B lymphocytes, and direct mutagenic effects of metallic ions. (karger.com)
  • In the present review, we provide evidence for how the interaction of dietary lectins with enterocytes and lymphocytes may facilitate the translocation of both dietary and gut-derived pathogenic antigens to peripheral tissues, which in turn causes persistent peripheral antigenic stimulation. (cambridge.org)
  • The experience with MALT lymphoma in other organ systems has demonstrated the role of chronic antigenic stimulation and infection in lymphomagenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • 2. Chemically they are Immunoglobulins (Igs), produced after antigenic stimulation. (balbhartisolutions.com)
  • They result in nonspecific T-lymphocyte stimulation without normal antigenic recognition. (medscape.com)
  • Inhibits IL2 and IL4 transcription, thereby playing an important role in the induction of the anergic phenotype, a long-term stable state of T-lymphocyte unresponsiveness to antigenic stimulation associated with the blockade of interleukin production. (nih.gov)
Epitopes8
  • Most influenza A virus-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes react with antigenic epitopes associated with internal virus determinants. (rupress.org)
  • This lysis of syngeneic target cells infected with the influenza A virus strains, Aichi (H3N2), PR8 (H1N1), or recombinant strain X31 (H3N2) indicates that most antigenic epitopes recognized are associated with internal virus determinants. (rupress.org)
  • Original antigenic sin impairs cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to viruses bearing variant epitopes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte" by people in this website by year, and whether "Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
  • A vaccine must at minimum contain two antigenic epitopes: one to induce specific B-cell or CTL responses and another to induce specific Th cells that regulate (initiate, enhance, or suppress) immune responses [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He showed the proteasome-dependent processing of defined melanoma antigenic proteins into epitopes for antitumor T cells and thus the direct role of immunoproteasomes in cross-presentation of exogenous proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte respons1
  • The influence of antigenic variation on cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in HIV-1 infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Antigens6
  • The combination of electrophoretic separation of complex mixtures of antigens with the highly sensitive immunoblotting technique has been useful in characterizing the antigenic profile of HIV-1 and describing the immune response to this virus in exposed or infected persons. (cdc.gov)
  • Identification of these mutated antigens allows us to further study specific T cell activation using mixed lymphocyte reaction assays. (bmj.com)
  • Like many receptors on the cell surface, the antigen receptors on the surface of lymphocytes are taken up into the cell by endocytosis together with the antigens they bind.1,2 This is surprising because the antigens recognized by the TCR, the peptide-MHC complexes, are integral membrane proteins, which do not Rabbit Polyclonal to HDAC7A normally pass from one cell membrane to another. (findadig.com)
  • B-lymphocytes → sensitized directly by antigens and helper T-cells. (balbhartisolutions.com)
  • After acquiring immu-nological competency, the lymphocytes migrate to secondary lymphoid organs to induce appropriate immune response on exposure to antigens. (brainkart.com)
  • Dr. Cerundolo demonstrated how the length and saturation of lipid antigens contained within the CD1d binding site modulate their affinity of binding to invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells), hence explaining how lipid-specific lymphocytes are capable of recognizing both the group head and the length of lipid antigens, ensuring greater specificity of antigen recognition. (aacrjournals.org)
Determinants3
  • Immunophenotyping relies on detecting specific antigenic determinants on the surface of WBCs by antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies that have been labeled with a fluorescent dye or fluorochrome, such as phycoerythrin (PE) or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). (cdc.gov)
  • Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the B-cell receptor. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Western blot (immunoblot) analysis revealed sustained seroconversion of rabbits to positivity for antibodies against all major vital antigenic determinants. (wustl.edu)
Antibodies3
  • Recent studies using neutralizing anti-CCL5 antibodies have suggested that the constitutive expression of CCL5 plays a regulatory role in maintaining tissue-resident memory (Trm) T cells in the human vaginal tract 9 and mouse skin 10 , suggesting that constitutive CCL5 expression in noninflamed conditions, hereafter referred to as homeostatic CCL5 expression, might be important for homeostasis of tissue-resident lymphocytes. (nature.com)
  • Activated B-lymphocyte → multiplies rapidly → Clone of plasma cells and memory B-cells produced → Plasma cells produce → Glycoproteins, called antibodies → Antibodies circulated through humor/ body fluids like blood and lymph → The antibody → bind to a cell membrane or they remain free. (balbhartisolutions.com)
  • The B lymphocytes are transformed into plasma cells and secrete antibodies. (brainkart.com)
Epitope2
  • Some viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in humans, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice, are initially controlled by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but may subsequently escape through mutation of the relevant T-cell epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Epitope : Antigen has antigenic determinant site, called epitope. (balbhartisolutions.com)
Macrophages3
Degree of antigenic2
  • Because of the high effector mechanisms that either directly or indirectly pro- degree of antigenic drift among circulating influenza strains mote lysis of infected cells. (cdc.gov)
  • ed tissues, the intensity of which and chemical alkylating agents are varies with the degree of antigenic considered to cause cancer primar- Immunosuppressive difference between graft and host. (who.int)
CTLs2
  • The cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) typically susceptible to antigenic variation. (cdc.gov)
  • The goal of vaccination is to induce immunity against pathogens and cancer cells by stimulating antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Receptors3
Antibody4
  • This phenomenon of 'original antigenic sin' was initially described in influenza and is an asymmetric pattern of protective antibody crossreactivity determined by exposure to previously existing strains, which may therefore extend to some CTL responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) to generate surface protein diversity, and by B lymphocytes of the vertebrate immune system to generate antibody diversity. (nih.gov)
  • The antibody stains epithelial cell and T and b lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • B lymphocytes are primarily responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. (brainkart.com)
Activation4
  • Genotoxic damage causes robust alterations to pathways associated with B cell activation and increased proliferation, suggesting that genotoxic damage initiates not only the normal B cell maturation processes but also mimics activated B cell response to antigenic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antigen recognition results in activation of the lymphocytes, the acquisition of their effector functions, and their cooperation with other cell types in the course of the adaptive immune response. (findadig.com)
  • This massive activation of lymphocytes leads to release of cytokines that contribute to the development of toxic shock syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • To investigate the effects of age and gender on human lymphocyte populations, we studied lymphocyte subsets and their expression of activation markers in peripheral blood in healthy people above the age of 21, and analyzed this according to gender. (biomedcentral.com)
Variation2
  • This protozoan parasite evades the host immune system by antigenic variation, a periodic switching of its variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat. (nih.gov)
  • Given that lymphocyte production, including T and B cell development, starts early in gestation [ 7 ] and that critical stages in development of the immune system may also reflect temporal variation in susceptibility to immunotoxicants, this study investigated the association between maternal exposure to air pollution during each month of gestation and cord blood lymphocyte proportions. (biomedcentral.com)
Helper3
  • HIV infection is characterized by a decrease and, eventually, a depletion of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (helper T cells). (cdc.gov)
  • Using immunophenotyping, HIV-positive blood samples and age-matched controls were tested for the proportion of lymphocytes that are T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ T cells (helper T cells), and CD8+ T cells (suppressor/inducer T cells). (cdc.gov)
  • Specific Treg then provide active tolerance to the harmless food proteins at all mucosal surfaces, either via cell contact or via their secretion of immunosuppressive factors that both prevent the induction of adaptive T helper (Th) lymphocytes in response to antigenic re-exposure ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Responses3
  • While it is known that genotoxic agents, such as IR, activate transcriptional programs involved in maintaining the integrity of the genome, we also want to investigate whether or not the genotoxic breaks could affect lymphocyte-specific maturation transcriptional responses similar to those we observed following RAG-induced physiological DSBs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vitro, both compounds suppress lymphocyte mitogenic and antigenic responses that are partially reversed by exogenous ADA [ 13 ]. (medilib.ir)
  • Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique population of T lymphocytes that lies at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and they are important mediators of immune responses and tumor surveillance. (aacrjournals.org)
Populations2
  • In order to determine whether isolated CSC populations contained antigenic cancer-related mutations, exomic sequencing was performed on tumor cell lines from 5 distinct melanoma tumors using Illumina's sequencing technology. (bmj.com)
  • The differential structural properties of MHC class I and class II molecules account for their respective roles in activating different populations of T lymphocytes. (progen.com)
Vaccine2
  • A critical question in this respect refers to the antigenic composition of a successful vaccine. (asm.org)
  • Waning of vaccine-induced immunity plays a role, but antigenic differences between vaccine and mumps outbreak strains could also contribute to reduced vaccine effectiveness. (mdpi.com)
Infection1
  • A mathematical model and CD4+ lymphocyte dynamics in HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
Immunity1
Assays1
  • This document has been developed by CDC to give guidance to laboratories performing lymphocyte immunophenotyping assays in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. (cdc.gov)
Subsets3
  • Cord blood was analyzed using a FACSort flow cytometer to determine proportions of T lymphocytes (CD3 + cells and their subsets, CD4 + and CD8 + ), B lymphocytes (CD19 + ) and natural killer (NK) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed this study to see if there were differences between males and females in the frequency of the different lymphocyte subsets with age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cause of the change in percentage of lymphocyte subsets with age, and the different effects on males and females is not fully understood but warrants further study. (biomedcentral.com)
CD191
  • The adjusted models show significant associations between PAHs or PM 2.5 during early gestation and increases in CD3 + and CD4 + lymphocytes percentages and decreases in CD19 + and NK cell percentages in cord blood. (biomedcentral.com)
Induce1
  • These results suggest genotoxic damage may induce a unique cancer-prone phenotype and processes mimicking activated B cell response to antigenic agents, as well as the normal B cell maturation processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Influenza1
  • This paper shows that most murine (C57BL/6) influenza A virus-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones tested in limiting dilution did not react with the influenza A virus surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (rupress.org)
Epithelial1
  • It contains predominantly mature T lymphocytesand has a larger epithelial cell-to-lymphocyte ratio than the cor-tex. (brainkart.com)
Recognition1
  • In this review we examine the mechanisms by which mutation within peptide antigen-encoding regions of the viral genome enables HIV-1 to evade recognition by virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
Developmental2
  • CD45 has several isoforms, expressed according to cell type, developmental stage and antigenic exposure (1‑5). (rndsystems.com)
  • We identified a central lymphocyte-specific transcriptional response common to both physiologic and genotoxic breaks, which includes many lymphocyte developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Vivo1
  • These data suggest that ACH, like wild-type HTLV-1, infects and transforms primary CD4 + T lymphocytes and is infectious in vivo. (wustl.edu)
Flow cytometry1
  • The process of measuring the percentage of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the whole blood sample is referred to as ``immunophenotyping by flow cytometry'' (9-14). (cdc.gov)
Percentage1
Peripheral1
  • By eliminating dietary elements, particularly lectins, which adversely influence both enterocyte and lymphocyte structure and function, it is proposed that the peripheral antigenic stimulus (both pathogenic and dietary) will be reduced and thereby result in a diminution of disease symptoms in certain patients with RA. (cambridge.org)
Receptor2
  • The pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is largely attributable to the decrease in T-lymphocytes bearing the CD4 receptor (CD4+) (1-5). (cdc.gov)
  • Physiologic dsDNA breaks are generated in a variety of normal cellular functions, including the RAG endonuclease-mediated rearrangement of antigen receptor genes during the normal development of lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Organs1
  • These are the organs in which precursor lymphocytes proliferate, develop, and differ-entiate from lymphoid stem cells to become immunologically competent cells. (brainkart.com)
Alterations1
  • There was no significant association between alterations in lymphocyte distribution and air pollution exposure during the mid gestation. (biomedcentral.com)
Viruses1
  • Original antigenic sin by CTL leads to impaired clearance of variant viruses infecting the same individual and so may enhance the immune escape of mutant viruses evolving in an individual host. (ox.ac.uk)
Exposure1
  • This study investigates the association between cord blood lymphocyte proportions and maternal exposure to air pollution during each gestational month. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific1
  • We previously showed that physiologic breaks initiate lymphocyte development-specific transcriptional programs. (biomedcentral.com)
Immune response1
Breaks1
Results2
  • To assure the accuracy and reliability of CD4+ T-lymphocyte test results obtained within individual laboratories and to assure the comparability of results between laboratories, standard methods for performing the test, as well as guidelines for quality control and quality assurance, are desirable. (cdc.gov)
  • Sequencing results, combined with epigenetic data, indicated the presence of cancer and metastasis-related driver mutations with highly antigenic properties. (bmj.com)
Production1
Cell line1
  • The Cambridge Biotech HIV-1 Western Blot Kit is manufactured by Calypte Corporation from HIV-I propagated in an H9/HTLV-IIIb T-lymphocyte cell line. (cdc.gov)