Antigen immunoglobulin idiotypes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a therapeutic preparation of polyspecific antibodies isolated from pools of plasma obtained from several thousand healthy blood donors [1]. (academie-medecine.fr)
The Id is detectable on anti-dsDNA antibodies, though it must also be present on other immunoglobulins whose specificities remain unknown. (bmj.com)
Antibodies are usually defined by the antigens to which they bind. (bmj.com)
Another way of distinguishing antibodies serologically involves an analysis of their idiotypes that may be thought of as phenotypic markers of the variable region genes used to encode the antigen binding (Fab) region of immunoglobulin molecules. (bmj.com)
In the past 12 years a number of idiotypes, recognised by polyclonal reagents and idiotopes, recognised by monoclonal antibodies, on DNA antibodies have been identified (reviewed by Isenberg et al 1 ). (bmj.com)
Antibodies recognize specific configurations (epitopes, or antigenic determinants) on the surfaces of antigens (eg, proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids). (msdmanuals.com)
Antibodies and antigens fit tightly together because their shape and other surface properties (eg, charge) are complementary. (msdmanuals.com)
Immunoglobulins produced after antigen stimulation or those having corresponding antigens are called ANTIBODIES. (allergy-link.com)
an immunoglobulin can induce an adaptive immune response (production of antibodies). (allergy-link.com)
natural antibodies can frequently bind to different antigens. (medscape.com)
Serum proteins that are categorized loosely by their electrophoretic mobility as alpha globulins that inhibit proteases, beta globulins that exist as various enzymes, and gamma globulins that mainly comprise immunoglobulins (antibodies). (stratech.co.uk)
Anti-idiotype Antibodies and SARS-CoV-2. (rfidcapsules.com)
The idiotype portions of Ab1 that bind and neutralize the spike protein have distinctive sequences in complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3), and those antibody-binding regions can themselves elicit antibody responses called anti-idiotype (Ab2) antibodies as a means of down-regulation. (rfidcapsules.com)
Immunoglobulin chain recombination among antidigoxin antibodies by hybridoma-hybridoma fusion. (aai.org)
Idiotype Network theory , proposed by Jerne , wherein a network of antibodies capable of neutralizing self-reactive antibodies exists naturally within the body. (wikidoc.org)
Monoclonal antibodies developed against immunogenic proteins (Tumor Specific Antigens/TSA's) that are expressed in human cancers, display a unique behavioral pattern. (jcancer.org)
After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily . (wikipedia.org)
Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens ( EPITOPES . (nih.gov)
Patients have shown deposition of IgM in the involved tissue, and using anti-idiotype antibodies, IgM monoclonal antibodies were demonstrated to react with epidermal antigens. (medscape.com)
Because they have a complete immune system with a diverse antibody repertoire, OmniRat animals generate antibodies with human idiotypes as effectively as wild-type animals make rat antibodies. (ligand.com)
c) Effect of antibodies and antigen-specific B cells on antigen uptake. (hindawi.com)

He defined idiotype as the set of epitopes on the V region of an antibody molecule, where epitope means an antigenic determinant. (wikipedia.org)
The same antibody molecule can cross-react with related antigens if their epitopes are similar enough to those of the original antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
Epitopes recognized by the B-cell receptor are located on the surface of the antigen. (childrensmercy.org)
There were compared with epitopes in the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) which contains experimentally identified epitopes in sH1N1 HA proteins, which may be helpful in design of common antigens of pH1N1 influenza and sH1N1 viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
This antibody recognises the idiotype of trastuzumab, mimicking HER2 epitopes. (absoluteantibody.com)
This antibody binds to the idiotype of trastuzumab mimicking HER2 epitopes. (absoluteantibody.com)

The variable region of antigen receptors of T cells (TCRs) and B cells (immunoglobulins) contain complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) with unique amino acid sequences. (wikipedia.org)
The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Adoptive T-cell therapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an active area of cancer research. (ashpublications.org)
Functional anergy in a subpopulation of naive B cells from healthy humans that express autoreactive immunoglobulin receptors. (uchicago.edu)

The sharing of idiotypes by immunoglobulins from different people implies that the genes that encode the idiotypes are also shared. (bmj.com)
Part I contains studies on immunoglobulin genes, messages, and molecules. (elsevier.com)
Genes, Immunoglobulin" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
The heavy and light immunoglobulin genes are present as gene segments in the germline cells. (uchicago.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Genes, Immunoglobulin" by people in this website by year, and whether "Genes, Immunoglobulin" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Genes, Immunoglobulin" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
Molecular pathways and mechanisms regulating the recombination of immunoglobulin genes during B-lymphocyte development. (uchicago.edu)

In immunology, an idiotype is a shared characteristic between a group of immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules based upon the antigen binding specificity and therefore structure of their variable region. (wikipedia.org)
They define the surface and properties of the variable region, determining the antigen specificity and therefore the idiotope of the molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Within the V regions, hypervariable regions determine the specificity of the immunoglobulin (Ig). (msdmanuals.com)
Chain recombination by somatic cell fusion was used instead to study the effects on antigen specificity and idiotypy of recombinants in which an homologous light (L) chain substituted for the parental L chain. (aai.org)
Monoclonals developed from these tumor antigens are in the initial phases of investigation with regard to their specificity and antitumor activity. (jcancer.org)
Likewise, antigen/antibody complexes are bound by the FcR of APCs and processed in a unique fashion dependent on the epitope specificity of the bound antibody. (hindawi.com)

Mx9/9 is a CD4 clone bearing an antigen receptor recognized by the Mx9 anti-V beta 8 monoclonal antibody (MoAb). (ox.ac.uk)
This molecule constitutes the specific receptor for the antigen on the B lymphocyte (BCR). (allergy-link.com)
Adoptive T-cell therapy with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells is a new approach for treating advanced B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
17. Melchers, F., Andersson, J.: Immunoglobulin production in B-lymphocytes: synthesis of the membrane-bound receptor and the secreted serum glycoprotein immunoglobulin M. Biochem. (uni-mainz.de)
19. Melchers, F.: Changes in receptor immunoglobulin turnover during B-lymphocyte differentiation. (uni-mainz.de)
The goal of the current study was to assess the association of COVID-19 clinical courses controlled by patients' adaptive immune responses without progression to severe disease with patients' Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genetics, AB0 blood group antigens, and the presence or absence of near-loss-of-function delta 32 deletion mutant of the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). (biomedcentral.com)

The image below is a schematic representation of an immunoglobulin G molecule. (medscape.com)
Schematic representation of an immunoglobulin G molecule. (medscape.com)
The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen . (wikipedia.org)
That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. (nih.gov)

Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. (edu.au)
These tumor proteins, when first defined, were referred to as tumor associated antigens. (jcancer.org)

To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. (wikipedia.org)

Les IgIV intéragissent avec de nombreux composants du système immunitaire comme les récepteurs Fc, le complément, les cytokines, les lymphocytes T et B, les cellules dendritiques, les granulocytes et les cellules NK, ce qui explique en partie leurs effets anti-inflammatoires. (academie-medecine.fr)
Immature dendritic cells phagocytose apoptotic cells via alphavbeta5 and CD36, and cross-present antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (nwbio.com)
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
18. Melchers, F., Lafleur, Anderson, J.: Immunoglobulin M synthesis in resting (Go) and in mitogen-activated B-lymphocytes. (uni-mainz.de)
20. Melchers, F.: Biochemical characterization of immunoglobulin-producing B-lymphocytes at different stages of their differentiation.In: 'Regulation of Growth and Differentiated Function in Eukaryotic Cells,' eds. (uni-mainz.de)

The self-reactive immunoglobulins referred to as natural autoantibodies (NAbs) have been shown to exert homeostatic roles [1]. (academie-medecine.fr)
The high content of anti-idiotypes against autoantibodies in IVIG facilitates its ability to neutralize autoantibodies, as is shown in patients with acquired hemophilia due to autoantibodies against factor VIII. (medscape.com)
Autoantibodies can bind to basic structural molecules and interfere with the synthesis of structural elements and facilitate the uptake of antigen. (hindawi.com)
Both secreted autoantibodies and BCR on B cells can modulate the processing and presentation of antigen and thereby affect the nature of presented T-cell determinants. (hindawi.com)

He also defined the "paratope" to be that part of an antibody variable region that binds to an antigen. (wikipedia.org)
The fusion progeny (gamma 2a, kappa, lambda 1) which binds digoxin and is idiotype-positive, was selected for kappa loss (resulting in loss of digoxin and idiotype binding) and then fused with a heavy (H) chain loss variant of antidigoxin hybridoma 40-20 (kappa, digoxin nonbinding, idiotype negative). (aai.org)
Right panel: antigen binds to the BCR of antigen-specific B cells and is internalized. (hindawi.com)

and, in response to antigen, are subsequently secreted by plasma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
An incoherent regulatory network architecture that orchestrates B cell diversification in response to antigen signaling. (uchicago.edu)

Hybridoma-hybridoma fusion provides an alternative to in vitro chain recombination for studying the contribution of chain combinational diversity to antibody diversity, antigen binding, and idiotypy. (aai.org)

Also known as the Fragment antigen-binding. (stratech.co.uk)
Structurally an antibody is also partitioned into two antigen-binding fragments (Fab), containing one V L , V H , C L , and C H 1 domain each, as well as the crystallisable fragment (Fc), forming the trunk of the Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. (nih.gov)
This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN. (uams.edu)

Immunoglobulins are serum glycoproteins from mammalian interstitial fluid that are produced by B cells (membrane immunoglobulin) or by plasma cells (soluble immunoglobulin). (allergy-link.com)

22. Melchers, F.: Immunoglobulin synthesis and mitogen reactivity: markers for B lymphocyte differentiation. (uni-mainz.de)

12. Melchers, F.: Possible roles of the carbohydrate groups in biological functions of the glycoproteins, immunoglobulin M and G. In: 'Int. Symp. (uni-mainz.de)

There are three groups of antigenic determinants of light chains or heavy chains defining the isotype, allotype and idiotype. (allergy-link.com)
1- Isotyp e: it is the properties of antigenic determinants which define the classes and subclasses of immunoglobulins of the same species. (allergy-link.com)

Antibody idiotype is determined by: Gene rearrangement Junctional diversity P-nucleotides (palindromic nucleotides at sites of single-strand breaks) N-nucleotides Somatic hypermutations The word idiotype comes from two Greek roots, idio meaning 'private, distinctive, peculiar' and typos meaning 'mark. (wikipedia.org)
B-cell transcription factor expression and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement frequency in acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22). (uchicago.edu)

B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. (lookformedical.com)
We used T cells that were retrovirally transduced with this CAR to treat mice bearing a syngeneic lymphoma that naturally expressed the self-antigen murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)

The size of the plasma pool ensures the vast diversity of IgG repertoire in IVIG that interacts with a large number of self-antigens, in addition to pathogens and external antigens [2]. (academie-medecine.fr)

It represents 10% of serum immunoglobulins. (allergy-link.com)
This includes the amount of shed antigen in the serum at the time of treatment that could initiate immune complex formation as well as the shedding of inhibitory material into the serum possibly effecting an immune response. (jcancer.org)

Now, it is accepted that autoimmune responses are vital to the development and functioning of vertebrate immune systems, and central to the development of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. (wikidoc.org)
Vaccination with human anti-trastuzumab anti-idiotype scFv reverses HER2 immunological tolerance and induces tumor immunity in MMTV.f.huHER2(Fo5) mice. (absoluteantibody.com)

The proliferation of the Mx9/9 stimulated cloned anticlone cells was blocked by anti-class II MoAbs, indicating that the autoreactive clones recognize their target antigen in conjunction with HLA Class II products. (ox.ac.uk)
The latter are provided by effectors which recognize antigens in a specific way. (allergy-link.com)
Most CARs that are being evaluated in current clinical and preclinical studies recognize self-antigens that are expressed by normal tissues as well as malignant cells. (ashpublications.org)

The paired immunoglobulin fragments composed of the variable domains of the heavy and light chains. (nih.gov)
Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. (uams.edu)

[2] [3] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, it also helps to bind these immunoglobulins to secretory component. (cusabio.com)

Thus, blockade of activating FcγR inhibits binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes. (academie-medecine.fr)
In conditions such as like ITP that is autoantibody-mediated, IVIG Fc fragmentmediated competitive blockade of activating FcγR might inhibit: binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes [1, 12]. (academie-medecine.fr)
8. Melchers, F.: Biosynthesis, transport and secretion of immunoglobulin in plasma cells. (uni-mainz.de)
10. Melchers, F.: Synthesis, transport and secretion of immunoglobulins. (uni-mainz.de)
11. Melchers, F.: Synthesis, transport and secretion of immunoglobulin in lymphoid cells. (uni-mainz.de)
Independent of antibody secretion B cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines, support the formation of ectopic GCs, and serve as antigen presenting cells. (hindawi.com)

Idiotypes may represent amino acid sequences located on light or heavy chains alone or in combination. (bmj.com)

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) contains the pooled immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoglobulins from the plasma of approximately a thousand or more blood donors. (medscape.com)

The region on an antigen that is recognized by an antibody. (stratech.co.uk)

Part VI examines immunoglobulin idiotypes while Part VII contains papers on the ontogeny of immunoglobulin-synthesizing cells. (elsevier.com)
Vaccination with tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells elicits antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-cells in patients with malignant glioma. (nwbio.com)
Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. (nwbio.com)
Babatz J, Röllig C, Löbel B, Folprecht G, Haack M, Günther H, Köhne CH, Ehninger G, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M. Induction of cellular immune responses against carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with metastatic tumors after vaccination with altered peptide ligand-loaded dendritic cells. (nwbio.com)
Naive CD4+ T cells (those that have not encountered any antigens before) recovered from these mice 36 hours post-anti-MHC administration showed decreased responsiveness to the antigen pigeon cytochrome C peptide, as determined by Zap-70 phosphorylation , proliferation, and Interleukin-2 production. (wikidoc.org)
2002) demonstrated that self-MHC recognition (which, if too strong may contribute to autoimmune disease) maintains the responsiveness of CD4+ T cells when foreign antigens are absent. (wikidoc.org)
Different types of antigen recognized by T and B cells. (jinnah.edu)
12 , 13 Clinical trials in which patients with advanced B-cell malignancies receive T cells expressing anti-CD19 CARs are in early stages, and it is not known whether adoptive transfer of T cells targeting this self-antigen will be an effective therapy for B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
Likewise B cells function as crucial antigen presenting cells in autoimmune diseases that are traditionally viewed as T cell mediated. (hindawi.com)
Left panel: antigen bound by antibody is taken up via FcR on APCs such as dendritic cells or macrophages. (hindawi.com)
B cells are highly efficient APCs in situations of low antigen concentrations. (hindawi.com)
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 clinical trial, the HIV vaccine-priming candidate eOD-GT8 60mer adjuvanted with AS01B had a favorable safety profile and induced VRC01-class bnAb precursors in 97% of vaccine recipients with median frequencies reaching 0.1% among immunoglobulin G B cells in blood. (bvsalud.org)

Objectives: Primary Objectives: To induce cellular and humoral immunity in allogeneic stem cell donors and recipients against the unique idiotype expressed by the recipient's myeloma. (drugpatentwatch.com)

BCR-mediated antigen uptake can influence antigen processing and the nature of MHC-displayed T-cell determinants. (hindawi.com)

Recombinant monoclonal antibody to trastuzumab (anti-idiotype). (absoluteantibody.com)

Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. (uams.edu)

[ 3 ] IVIGs are sterile, purified IgG products manufactured from pooled human plasma and typically contain more than 95% unmodified IgG, which has intact Fc-dependent effector functions and only trace amounts of immunoglobulin A (IgA) or immunoglobulin M (IgM). (medscape.com)

Thus, idiotype describes the distinctive sequence and region that makes any immunoglobulin/TCR unique from others of the same type which is its variable region. (wikipedia.org)
These mechanisms implicate both the constant (Fc) and the variable region (Fab') of the immunoglobulins. (academie-medecine.fr)

An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
Immunoglobulin J chain is a protein encoding by a gene named Jchain in mouse and a gene named JCHAIN in human. (cusabio.com)
Conjugation of the PRP polysaccharide with protein carriers confers T-cell- dependent characteristics to the vaccine and substantially enhances the immunologic response to the PRP antigen. (cdc.gov)

The strength of a binding interaction between the antigen-binding site (paratope) on an antibody and the epitope on an antigen. (stratech.co.uk)

The term "idiotype" is sometimes used to describe the collection of multiple idiotopes, and therefore overall antigen binding capacity, possessed by an antibody. (wikipedia.org)
A collection of these idiotopes may together be called an idiotype. (bmj.com)
Among the 25 or so idiotypes or idiotopes, few can be regarded as specific for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a limited number have been correlated with disease activity. (bmj.com)

Cellular Components of the Immune System The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens (Ags). (msdmanuals.com)

Second, autoimmunity is likely to have a role in allowing a rapid immune response in the early stages of an infection when the availability of foreign antigens limits the response (i.e., when there are few pathogens present). (wikidoc.org)

This agreement provides Pandion access to the industry's only human immunoglobulin transgenic rats and chickens for efficient generation of mono- and bispecific antibody therapeutics," said John Higgins, Chief Executive Officer of Ligand. (ligand.com)

Part III examines membrane immunoglobulins while Part IV focuses on immunoglobulins as regulatory molecules. (elsevier.com)

Previous work suggested that unresponsiveness to cell-binding (therapeutic) mAbs could not be achieved due to an unexpected immunogenicity of their idiotypes (ids). (ox.ac.uk)

Thus, IVIG has high content of selfreactive NAbs, which also includes those interacting with idiotypes of other Ab molecules. (academie-medecine.fr)
The broad range of applications of IVIG shows the importance of immunoglobulins in the immune homeostasis in healthy people. (medscape.com)

The best developed version of immune network theory is called the symmetrical network theory, in which the distinction between idiotype and paratope plays no role. (wikipedia.org)

The misconception that an individual's immune system is totally incapable of recognising self antigens is not new. (wikidoc.org)

Anatomy11

Organisms5

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs94

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes25

Information Science3

Health Care2

Antibodies22

Epitopes6

Receptors4

Genes7

Specificity6

Receptor6

Molecule4

Proteins2

Different antigens1

Lymphocytes6

Autoantibodies4

Binds3

Response to antigen2

Recombination1

Fragment4

Membrane immunoglobulin1

Lymphocyte1

Glycoproteins1

Antigenic determinants2

Rearrangement2

Lymphoma3

Diversity1

Serum2

Immunological tolerance2

Recognize3

Fragments composed2

Bind2

Secretion6

Amino1

Intravenous1

Recognized by an antibody1

Cells12

Induce1

Determinants1

Monoclonal antibody1

Regions1

Effector1

Variable2

Protein3

Epitope1

Idiotopes3

Molecular2

Pathogens1

Transgenic1

Examines1

Therapeutic1

IVIG2

Paratope1

Immune System1