AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
EpitopesAntigensAntigens, BacterialEpitopes, T-LymphocyteAntigens, NeoplasmEpitopes, B-LymphocyteAntigens, SurfaceAntigens, ViralImmunodominant EpitopesAntibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, ProtozoanHLA AntigensMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceCross ReactionsAntigens, Polyomavirus TransformingH-2 AntigensAntibody SpecificityAntigens, FungalAntigens, CDHLA-A2 AntigenAntigens, HelminthEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHLA-DR AntigensHLA-A AntigensCarcinoembryonic AntigenMice, Inbred BALB CHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIAntigens, Viral, TumorT-LymphocytesT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicReceptors, Antigen, T-CellImmunoglobulin GHistocompatibility AntigensHistocompatibility Antigens Class IO AntigensLymphocyte ActivationImmunizationAntigens, CD15Proliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenPeptidesReceptors, Antigen, B-CellPeptide FragmentsProstate-Specific AntigenAntibodies, BacterialAntigens, Tumor-Associated, CarbohydrateCell LineAutoantigensAntigens, CD8HLA-B AntigensImmune SeraAntigen-Antibody ReactionsAntibodies, ViralCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesHepatitis B Surface AntigensHIV AntigensNeutralization TestsAntibody FormationHLA-D AntigensB-LymphocytesAntigens, CD4Blood Group AntigensFluorescent Antibody TechniqueAntigens, CD3Binding Sites, AntibodyAntibodiesAutoantibodiesMice, Inbred C57BLCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesRecombinant ProteinsBase SequenceAntigens, CD45HybridomasVaccines, SyntheticReceptors, AntigenRabbitsInterferon-gammaAntigen-Antibody ComplexHLA-B7 AntigenHepatitis B AntigensAntigens, DifferentiationMART-1 AntigenEpstein-Barr Virus Nuclear AntigensImmunoenzyme TechniquesAntigen-Presenting CellsHLA-DQ AntigensFlow CytometryCells, CulturedAntigens, CD1Molecular WeightCytotoxicity, ImmunologicHLA-A3 AntigenClone CellsDendritic CellsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsAntibody AffinityImmunoglobulin MSpleenHLA-A24 AntigenHepatitis B Core Antigens
AntibodiesProteinsPeptidesAntigenicSurface antigenViralFragmentsSpecificityProteinConformationalCorresponding antigen-specificGlycoproteinImmunoglobulinHistocompatibility antigensStructuralBasis of epitopeDeterminantsSyntheticVaccineLymphocytesUnique epitopesTarget epitopesPeptide epitopeImmunodominantReceptorsHumansAllelesInduceSerumMonoclonal antibodyImmunogenicHemagglutininResponsesMiceTumorBindsMycobacteriumTissueBindRecognizeUnmaskCellCarbohydrateCross-reactivePresentationBone MarrowMoleculesImmunityHumanPathogenAdjuvantMolecule1998Buffer KitAutoimmuneReactivityGenerateImmune responseUptakeSpecific
Antibodies32
  • In the case of formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded (FF/PE) sections, the majority of commercial antibodies, which are typically designed against peptide epitopes or bacteria-expressed protein fragments, can be effectively unmasked using our R-Universal buffer. (antigen-retriever.com)
  • As previously mentioned, many commercial antibodies available today are generated against bacterially expressed protein fragments or synthetic peptide epitopes. (antigen-retriever.com)
  • This epitope is usually recognised by antibodies raised against a hydrophilic peptide or bacterially produced fragments of a target protein. (antigen-retriever.com)
  • Antibodies to such epitopes are usually raised against native antigen, often glycosylated, or in complex with other proteins. (antigen-retriever.com)
  • Each Slide Chamber can hold up to 18 slides, allowing for the optimization of recovery buffers or testing the usability of buffers for epitope recovery for up to 18 individual antibodies in a single run. (antigen-retriever.com)
  • Such runs enable the establishment of the best or acceptable epitope recovery conditions for all antibodies, which is particularly crucial when planning multicolor staining of tissue sections for immunofluorescence. (antigen-retriever.com)
  • This lack of detec- or vaccination can induce T cell-me- mune status are among the main fac- tion of MN or HI antibodies is prob- diated immune responses in humans tors that account for lower death rates ably because most of these epitopes ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We sought to determine whether immune reactivity occurs between anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein antibodies and human tissue antigens, and whether molecular mimicry between COVID-19 viral proteins and human tissues could be the cause. (frontiersin.org)
  • We applied both human monoclonal anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies (spike protein, nucleoprotein) and rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies (envelope protein, membrane protein) to 55 different tissue antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies had reactions with 28 out of 55 tissue antigens, representing a diversity of tissue groups that included barrier proteins, gastrointestinal, thyroid and neural tissues, and more. (frontiersin.org)
  • This extensive immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and different antigen groups may play a role in the multi-system disease process of COVID-19, influence the severity of the disease, precipitate the onset of autoimmunity in susceptible subgroups, and potentially exacerbate autoimmunity in subjects that have pre-existing autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Antibodies released by B-cells can have different functions that are induced upon binding their cognate antigens. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • It is commonly understood that antibodies bind to HLA antigens. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • With current knowledge of epitopes, it is more accurate to describe that antibodies bind to their target epitopes on the surface of HLA molecular chains. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • The reactivity of anti-HLA antibodies with HLA antigens and the phenomenon of cross-reactivity has been the subject of investigation for decades. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • however, it is more accurate to describe the reactivity of the antibody as binding to specific epitopes on the surface of HLA antigensepitopes are conformational amino acid arrangements and are the targets of antibodies. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • The antibodies identify 50- to 55-Kd, 80- to 100-Kd, and 130- to 200-Kd components present in a semi-purified carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) preparation from colonic adenocarcinomas and a 90- to 130-Kd molecule from HL-60 cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • DEKnull is a synthetic DBP based antigen that has been engineered through mutation to enhance induction of blocking inhibitory antibodies. (rcsb.org)
  • Functional binding assays with monoclonal antibodies were used to interrogate the available epitopes in DEKnull. (rcsb.org)
  • These two antibodies detect independent, unique epitopes on human Iba1/AIF-1 protein. (cellsignal.com)
  • These particles or fragments contain conformational epitopes that are capable of binding to antiviral antibodies. (genomeweb.com)
  • Hence, they are considered a mixture of antibodies that can react with multiple epitopes on the surface of the antigen. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Polyclonal antibodies are generally more tolerant of minor changes in the antigen, such as heterogeneity of glycosylation, polymorphism, or slight denaturation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Hence, a monoclonal antibody is considered a collection of identical antibodies secreted by a single B cell clone with specificity for only one antigenic epitope. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • It is so rare to find the T antigen in healthy tissue, that we actually have antibodies against it. (dadamo.com)
  • All humans normally possess antibodies that react with the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) and the Tn antigens. (dadamo.com)
  • In addition to these autoantibodies, patients with thymoma-associated MG produce autoantibodies to various neuromuscular antigens, including antibodies to the skeletal muscle calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor of sarcoplasmic reticulum) and antibodies to cytoplasmic filamentous proteins (particularly titin) or neurofilaments. (medscape.com)
  • Cross-reaction was found between S. equina antigens and antibodies in the sera of Wuchereria bancrofti-infected patients, with the highest levels observed between sera of chronic infected patients and Setaria spp. (who.int)
  • GAS M proteins share epitopes (antigenic-determinant sites that are recognized by antibodies) with proteins found in synovium, heart muscle, and heart valve, suggesting that molecular mimicry by GAS antigens from rheumatogenic strains contributes to the arthritis, carditis, and valvular damage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES. (bvsalud.org)
  • The solution has identified and patented B cell epitopes of filovirus glycoprotein and has validated the ability of synthetic epitopes and their antibodies to capture host specific IgG responses in survivor serum and recombinant GP, respectively. (who.int)
Proteins10
  • First, chloramphenicol treatment allows the selection of bacteria expressing antigen-CAT fusion proteins in frame, which greatly reduces the number of colonies to be screened. (nih.gov)
  • Third, the uniformly high expression level of antigen-CAT fusion proteins permits the establishment of large and representative pool sizes. (nih.gov)
  • Using this approach, the BALF4 and BNRF1 proteins were identified as targets of the EBV-specific T-helper-cell response, demonstrating that lytic cycle antigens are a relevant component of the EBV-specific TH-cell response. (nih.gov)
  • Epitope spreading is defined as the diversification of epitope specificity from the initial focused, dominant epitope-specific immune response, directed against a self or foreign protein, to subdominant and/or cryptic epitopes on that protein (intramolecular spreading) or other proteins (intermolecular spreading). (nature.com)
  • However, in cases where the antibody is targeting a unique mutated or modified epitope, or an epitope that differs among closely related proteins within the same family, the available choices for the epitope may be limited. (antigen-retriever.com)
  • We also did selective epitope mapping using BLAST and showed similarities and homology between spike, nucleoprotein, and many other SARS-CoV-2 proteins with the human tissue antigens mitochondria M2, F-actin and TPO. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, most antigens are proteins and those are the subjects for epitope prediction methods. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • In this direction, purified recombinant form of five of the seroreactive proteins (reported in our initial study), including three cell wall-associated (arbitrarily designated as antigens A through C) and two secretory (AgD & AgE), were examined for their potential to activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) viz. (cdc.gov)
  • Many food proteins can act as antigens in humans. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] All these foods contain proteins with a small molecular weight, an abundance of epitopes, water solubility, glycosylation residues, and relative resistance to heat and digestion. (medscape.com)
Peptides9
  • Specific binding against a battery of synthetic peptides also revealed that the affinity purified IgY specifically binds to the known immunogenic epitope of the HBsAg. (edu.ph)
  • A set of standard tests are defined for the performance of peptide-TCR binding, including the detection of TCRs binding to a given peptide/antigen, choosing among a set of candidate peptides for a given TCR and determining whether any pair of TCR-peptide bind. (frontiersin.org)
  • Following specific binding of T cell receptors to viral and bacterial-derived peptides bound to MHC ( 5 ), or from neo-antigens ( 8 - 10 ), the appropriate T cells expand, resulting in the increased frequency of T cells carrying such receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several constructs induced sera that reacted with reporter peptides, demonstrating that the sequential nature of the viral epitopes was conserved in the polyepitopes. (lih.lu)
  • The effects of mutagenesis of residues of a major T cell epitope were investigated in order to expand knowledge from synthetic peptides to the naturally processed antigen. (aber.ac.uk)
  • The saga of MHC-bound peptides: a renaissance for antigen presentation? (jci.org)
  • The kinetics and products of degradation of HIV-1 Gag favored the production of peptides encompassing the immunodominant epitope and destruction of the subdominant one. (jci.org)
  • peptides bound to HLA-DR17 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells of sarcoidosis patients were analyzed in order to identify target antigens of the autoimmune response (see the related article beginning on page 3576). (jci.org)
  • the modulation of epitope immunodominance and the processing and presentation of HIV peptides for MHC class I recognition were shown to be dependent on flanking residues that were N terminal to the natural epitopes (see the related article beginning on page 3563). (jci.org)
Antigenic4
  • Our results show the difficulty of designing chimeric antigens based on B cell epitopes mimicking their antigenic and immunologic properties even when these are sequential in nature. (lih.lu)
  • The inclusion of both latent and lytic antigenic epitopes is intended to induce robust T-cell response targeting different phases of the viral life cycle. (news-medical.net)
  • We have developed a simple, liposome-based approach to generate multivalent carbohydrate vaccines, and in place of an antigenic peptide or protein, we have used a potent antigen for natural killer T cells. (rsc.org)
  • So the hypothesis goes that because of the lower level of antibody against T and Tn antigens or stumps, and because of this tendency for the immune system of A's to be a bit confused or disinclined to attack Tn antigens, blood type A is at an immunologic disadvantage in attacking any cell bearing these T and Tn antigenic markers. (dadamo.com)
Surface antigen4
  • The objective of this study is to produce an IgY with activity against synthetic peptide analogs of known immunogenic epitopes of the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) - a molecular marker of Hepatitis B infection. (edu.ph)
  • Chickens were immunized with synthetic peptide analogs of previously reported immunogenic epitopes of the S and the pre-S1 regions of the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). (edu.ph)
  • PfCSP, the primary surface antigen of P. falciparum sporozoites, is a major target for vaccines and mAbs as it is both highly conserved and critical for the initiation of malaria infection. (nature.com)
  • crude female worm surface antigen (CFSWA). (who.int)
Viral5
  • Here, we describe a simple procedure that permits the identification of viral T-helper (TH)-cell antigens and epitopes. (nih.gov)
  • This direct antigen identification method is based on the random expression of viral polypeptides fused to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) in bacteria, which are subsequently fed to major histocompatibility complex class II+ antigen-presenting cells and probed with antigen-specific T cells. (nih.gov)
  • Disease Control and Prevention (At- bodies, or these epitopes may be pres- viral shedding among experimentally lanta, GA, USA) reported that among ent in earlier seasonal infl uenza strains infected humans ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The findings revealed that vaccination with Amphiphile-CpG adjuvant induces significantly higher viral antigen-specific cytokine-producing CD8+ T cells compared to vaccination with soluble CpG. (news-medical.net)
  • A dramatic expansion of viral antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with robust polyfunctional effector phenotype was observed in splenocytes of mice immunized with Amphiphile-CpG vaccine. (news-medical.net)
Fragments4
  • The standard approach in antibody development involves selecting well-exposed surface epitopes or unique protein fragments for antibody generation. (antigen-retriever.com)
  • Structurally an antibody is also partitioned into two antigen-binding fragments (Fab), containing one V L , V H , C L , and C H 1 domain each, as well as the crystallisable fragment (Fc), forming the trunk of the Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • Screening of truncated glycoprotein fragments with both mAbs confirmed the location of the epitope in the N-terminal region. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Tedopi is composed of synthetic tumoral neo-epitopes (peptide fragments) that target five tumoral antigens, permitting the activation of tumor-specific T-lymphocytes for patients who are HLA-A2 positive. (medscape.com)
Specificity3
  • The affinity of a TCR for a given peptide epitope and the specificity of the binding are governed by the heterodimeric αβ T-cell receptors ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The specificity of the recognition is determined by genetic recombination events that happen during lymphocyte development, which lead to generating millions of different variants of lymphocytes in terms of the antigen-recognizing receptors [1]. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • Determining specificity of the anti-HLA antibody has advanced in recent years using recombinant CHMFL-ABL-039 HLA single antigens (SA) coated on color-coded Luminex beads [3]. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
Protein10
  • Such epitopes may not be exposed or may only be present in a mature, folded protein structure. (antigen-retriever.com)
  • Structural epitope requires proper folding of the native protein, usually with cysteine bridges being intact. (antigen-retriever.com)
  • In mature protein such epitope is usually hidden. (antigen-retriever.com)
  • Using an overlapping peptide library covering the HA protein, we identified a 15-mer peptide, H5(246-260), within the HA1 domain which induced activation of T cells in chickens immunized against the HA antigen of an H5 virus. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • To investigate a strategy for the design of chimeric antigens based on B cell epitopes (BCEs) we have genetically recombined multiple copies of loop- (L) and helix-forming (H) sequential and protective BCEs of the measles virus hemagglutinin protein (MVH) in a number of high-molecular-weight polyepitope constructs (24.5-45.5 kDa). (lih.lu)
  • The core substitution A71L impaired T immunogenicity of the target epitope within the protein, but not in the peptide, whereas the N73A substitution impaired the responses in both instances. (aber.ac.uk)
  • To investigate the use of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles in respirable sizes as carriers for Antigen 85B (Ag85B), a secreted protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with the ultimate goal of employing them in pulmonary delivery of tuberculosis vaccine. (rti.org)
  • Soybean protein ranks second as an antigen in the first months of life, particularly in infants with primary cow's milk intolerance who are placed on a soy formula. (medscape.com)
  • Scientists analyzed known human CD8+ T cell epitopes from EBV antigens to design a polyepitope vaccine immunogen that incorporates 20 CD8+ T cell epitopes into an engineered protein immunogen. (news-medical.net)
  • The MUC1 protein, also known as polymorphic epithelial mucin or epithelial membrane antigen, has a large extracellular region, a transmembrane sequence, and a cytosolic domain. (medscape.com)
Conformational3
  • Antigen association to its corresponding binding site in the immunoglobulin molecule can elicit conformational rearrangements, generating novel epitopes termed metatopes. (tau.ac.il)
  • The impact of substitutions within the core of the immunodominant p61-80/PT19 mycobacterial epitope was ascertained in respect of this epitope per se, or of a C-terminal (140-159) overlapping T/B epitope and of a conformational B epitope. (aber.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, mutation of five core residues (71-76) also ablated expression of a monoclonal antibody defined conformational B epitope. (aber.ac.uk)
Corresponding antigen-specific1
  • However, systematic analysis of T cell immune responses to MAGE-A3 antigen and corresponding antigen-specific TCR is still lacking. (thno.org)
Glycoprotein5
  • A novel, linear B-cell epitope has been identified at the N terminus of the rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Structural and immunological characterization of a linear virus-neutralizing epitope of the rabies virus glycoprotein and its possible use in a synthetic vaccine. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Both patient antisera containing alpha TBM-Ab were also highly reactive with R3M-1, the 48,000-mol-wt rabbit glycoprotein antigen of experimental alpha TBM disease. (jci.org)
  • Cancer antigen 15-3, or CA 15-3, is an epitope of a large transmembrane glycoprotein named MUC1 that is derived from the MUC1 gene. (medscape.com)
  • The Pan-Filovirus Rapid Diagnostic Test is premised on the identity of conserved epitopes of filovirus glycoprotein (GP) with potential for intra-genera differentiation. (who.int)
Immunoglobulin2
  • A B-cell epitope is the antigen portion binding to the immunoglobulin or antibody. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • Under normal circumstances, food antigen exposure via the GI tract results in a local immunoglobulin A (IgA) response and in an activation of suppressor CD8 + lymphocytes that reside in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (oral tolerance). (medscape.com)
Histocompatibility antigens2
Structural4
  • The choice of the appropriate buffer for epitope recovery depends on the epitope's structural characteristics and the specific amino acids that compose it. (antigen-retriever.com)
  • The class hence determines the function triggered by an antibody after binding to an antigen, in addition to some structural features. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among them, 42 could be produced and characterized for solubility, oligomerization state, thermal stability, epitope exposure and structural properties. (europa.eu)
  • The Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen and Tn antigen show some structural similarity to the A antigen (even though it is derived from the M blood type antigen). (dadamo.com)
Basis of epitope1
  • Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of epitope spreading in various chronic immune-mediated human diseases and their animal models is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases and to the ultimate goal of designing antigen-specific treatments. (nature.com)
Determinants1
  • Such portable epitope processing determinants provide what we believe is a novel approach to optimizing CTL responses elicited by vaccine vectors. (jci.org)
Synthetic2
  • The affinity purified IgY demonstrated anti-peptide antibody activity against synthetic peptide analogs of known immunogenic epitopes of the HBsAg. (edu.ph)
  • A 12 aa synthetic peptide of this epitope was recognized by both mAbs and sera from a subset of rabies-vaccinated dogs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Vaccine5
  • Fifty-one vaccine candidates were designed mainly to mimic fusion intermediate conformations of gp41 and in some instance to increase exposure of the 2F5/4E10 epitopes. (europa.eu)
  • Scientists from Australia and the USA have developed a lymph node-targeted multi-epitope subunit vaccine that induces strong humoral and cellular immune responses against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in mice. (news-medical.net)
  • In this study, scientists have developed a lymph node-targeting multi-epitope subunit vaccine against EVB and tested its efficacy in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-expressing mice. (news-medical.net)
  • This adjuvant was designed to increase lymph node delivery and accumulation of vaccine antigen and adjuvant. (news-medical.net)
  • The testing of the polyepitope vaccine immunogen using peripheral mononuclear cells isolated from EBV seropositive donors revealed that the immunogen can be effectively processed by antigen-presenting cells to generate epitopes that can be presented on HLA class I molecules and subsequently recognized by human CD8+ T cells to promote an immune response. (news-medical.net)
Lymphocytes4
  • Mouse mastocytoma P815 expresses several distinct tumor rejection antigens recognized by syngeneic cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). (ox.ac.uk)
  • CD8 T-cells become cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) following T CD8 epitope acknowledgement. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • The technology uses the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system, one of the keys for presenting antigens to T-lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • The lymphocytes' selection process and developmental progression are influenced by direct contact between the TCR-CD3 complex on the thymocyte and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-antigen complex on thymic epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Unique epitopes1
Target epitopes1
  • We conclude, therefore, that tubular basement membrane target epitopes and their paratypic recognition are highly conserved among mammals. (jci.org)
Peptide epitope1
  • Usually antibody is raised against an immunogenic but not highly hydrophilic peptide epitope. (antigen-retriever.com)
Immunodominant4
  • Although a limited number of immunodominant peptide epitopes are consistently observed in diseases such as HIV-1 infection, the relationship between immunodominance and antigen processing in humans is largely unknown. (jci.org)
  • Here, we have demonstrated that endogenous processing and presentation of a human immunodominant HIV-1 epitope is more efficient than that of a subdominant epitope. (jci.org)
  • We used a novel in vitro degradation assay involving cytosolic extracts as well as endogenous intracellular processing assays to examine 2 well-characterized HIV-1 Gag overlapping epitopes presented by the same HLA class I allele, one of which is consistently immunodominant and the other subdominant in infected persons. (jci.org)
  • Notably, cytosolic digestion experiments revealed flanking residues proximal to the immunodominant epitope that increased the production and antigenicity of otherwise subdominant epitopes. (jci.org)
Receptors4
  • Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)
  • These antigens are identified by specific receptors present in the cell surface of B- and T-cells. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • Antigen acknowledgement by these receptors is required to activate B- and T-cells but not plenty of, as second activation signals stemming from your activation of the innate immune system are also needed. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • B-cells recognize solvent-exposed antigens through antigen receptors, named as Liquiritin B-cell receptors (BCR), consisting of membrane-bound immunoglobulins, as demonstrated in Number 1. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
Humans2
  • H1N1) 2009 virus through conserved cell-mediated immunity (CMI) has not ed epitopes essential for CD8+ T cell MHC class I-restricted epitopes may been characterized in humans infected activation and CMI, HA of pandemic exist in persons previously vaccinated with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Healthy humans develop spontaneous CD8+ T cell responses to melanoma associated antigens (MA) expressed by normal melanocytes. (mdpi.com)
Alleles3
  • Immuno-informatic analysis predicted that the identified T-cell antigens (AgA and AgD) bind more number of class I and class II HLA alleles as compared with the reference immuno-dominant antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 from the tuberculous mycobacterial species M. tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Collectively, our results imply that AgA and AgD are T-cell antigens with a high HLA binding frequency as well as population coverage for HLA alleles. (cdc.gov)
  • The peptide epitopes were restricted through several common HLA class I alleles for broader coverage across many ethnic groups. (news-medical.net)
Induce2
  • We identified the HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitopes from MAGE-A3 that could effectively induce the activation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells using artificial APC in vitro . (thno.org)
  • In a multimeric form, the peptide could induce an epitope-specific response following immunization in rabbits and mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Serum1
  • II antigen-restricted epitopes may illness but serum HI antibody levels bodies against pandemic (H1N1) 2009 initiate the Th1 response, including are not, suggesting a role for CMI ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
Monoclonal antibody1
  • With monoclonal antibody production, one B cell produces only one specific sequence of antibody to a given antigen. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Immunogenic1
  • These two antigens were further predicted to be highly immunogenic for class I peptide MHC (pMHC) complex as compared to the reference antigens. (cdc.gov)
Hemagglutinin1
  • The objective of the present study was to identify putative T cell epitopes of the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen of an H5 AIV in chickens. (ucl.ac.uk)
Responses5
  • Several human studies have observed epitope spreading in beta cell-specific humoral responses from birth to disease onset in offspring of diabetic parents. (nature.com)
  • Induction of anti-inflammatory T helper (T H )2 responses via epitope spreading may be an important intrinsic immunoregulatory mechanism geared to limit tissue destruction and promote re-establishment of tissue-specific immune tolerance. (nature.com)
  • Early induction of a T H 2 response to one specific β-cell autoantigen (βCAA) accelerated epitope spreading of T H 2 responses to other βCAAs and can prevent the development of diabetes in the NOD mice. (nature.com)
  • Limited knowledge is available on the relationship between antigen-specific immune responses and COVID-19 disease severity. (nih.gov)
  • Notably, coordination of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific responses was disrupted in individuals ≥ 65 years old. (nih.gov)
Mice1
  • The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
Tumor9
  • In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
  • This work identified candidate TCRs potentially suitable for TCR-T design targeting HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor antigen. (thno.org)
  • Neoadjuvant anti-OX40 (MEDI6469) therapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma activates and expands antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating T cells. (bepress.com)
  • Analyses of CD8+ TIL show increases in tumor-antigen reactive, proliferating CD103+ CD39+ cells in 25% of patients with evaluable tumor tissue (N = 4/16), all of whom remain disease-free. (bepress.com)
  • Mouse tumor rejection antigens P815A and P815B: two epitopes carried by a single peptide. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Two of these tumor rejection antigens, P815A and P815B, are encoded by gene P1A, the sequence of which was reported previously. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Tumor cell variants having lost one or both of these antigens were isolated by in vitro selection with CTL and also by collecting tumor cells that progressed in vivo after escaping a nearly complete immune rejection process. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Many malignant cells (such as those found in breast and stomach cancer) develop a tumor marker called the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen. (dadamo.com)
  • Hirohashi S. Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens related to blood group carbohydrates. (dadamo.com)
Binds1
  • Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds. (ebi.ac.uk)
Mycobacterium2
  • T-cell antigens of Mycobacterium immunogenum, an etiological agent of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis. (cdc.gov)
  • The T lymphocyte-mediated immune lung disease hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in machinists is poorly understood for disease mechanisms and diagnosis due in part to lack of information on causative T-cell antigens of the etiological agent Mycobacterium immunogenum (MI). (cdc.gov)
Tissue4
  • With knowledge of the initial immune target, early antigen-specific treatments can block continued tissue damage, epitope spreading and clinical disease. (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Epitope spreading in autoimmune and virus-induced tissue immunopathology. (nature.com)
  • Tissue Antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Avoid fixing the tissue for greater than 24 hours since tissue antigens may either be masked or destroyed. (rndsystems.com)
Bind4
  • These mAbs were found to bind epitopes harbored in the M77 Fab fragment. (tau.ac.il)
  • B-cell epitopes are solvent-exposed portions of the antigen that bind to secreted and cell-bound immunoglobulins. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • [2] [3] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. (wikipedia.org)
  • While YTH 71.3.2 and CE6/2D3.1 also bind to NCA-50/90, YPC 2/12.1 recognizes an epitope expressed by both the NCA-50/90 and NCA-95 molecular species. (ox.ac.uk)
Recognize4
  • We conclude that anti-A and anti-B CTL recognize on the same peptide two distinct epitopes that are affected differently by the mutation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. (wikipedia.org)
  • The YTH 71.3.2 and CE6/2D3.1 MoAbs both recognize a similar CD66 defined epitope that is distinct from that identified by YPC 2/12.1. (ox.ac.uk)
  • DB-1 cells recognize the Ag85B(97-112) epitope presented in the context of MHC class II and secrete IL-2 as the cytokine marker. (rti.org)
Unmask1
  • This test solution is currently undergoing testing and optimisation of various sample buffer reagents that unmask epitopes concealed by post-translational modifications. (who.int)
Cell20
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific T cells have been successfully used to treat or prevent EBV-positive lymphoproliferative disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, but the antigens recognized by the infused CD4+ T cells have remained unknown. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, antigen identification does not require knowledge of the restriction element and often leads directly to the identification of the T-cell epitope. (nih.gov)
  • Statistical and machine-learning based analyses demonstrated that the MAGE-A3-Mp4 epitope-specific CD8+ T cell clones were mostly in effector and proliferating state. (thno.org)
  • This review will focus primarily on epitope spreading at the T-cell level. (nature.com)
  • This is the first report of a T cell epitope of AIV recognized by chicken T cells. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The immense diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) enables specific antigen recognition ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Open in a separate window Number 1 B-cell epitope acknowledgement. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • On the other hand, T-cells present on their surface a specific receptor known as T-cell receptor (TCR) that enables the acknowledgement of antigens when they are displayed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • T-cell epitopes are offered by class I (MHC I) and II (MHC II) MHC molecules that are identified by two unique subsets of T-cells, CD8 and CD4 T-cells, respectively (Number 2). (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • Subsequently, you will find CD8 and CD4 T-cell epitopes. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • Therefore, overall objective of the current study was to identify T-cell reactive antigens of this recently recognized pathogen. (cdc.gov)
  • This first report on T-cell antigens and epitopes of M. immunogenum is significant as it is expected to open up avenues for understanding pathogenesis mechanisms and developing T-cell-based immunodiagnostic tools for this poorly investigated occupational lung disease. (cdc.gov)
  • All B-cell epitopes, except for the mutated DEK motif, are conserved between DEKnull and DBP. (rcsb.org)
  • T antigen only becomes 'unsuppressed' as a cell moves towards malignancy, much like the covered rock in our example becomes uncovered as the tide moves out. (dadamo.com)
  • It is even more rare to find a Tn antigen on a healthy cell. (dadamo.com)
  • As a general rule, an orderly expression of T antigens on a cancer cell usually indicates a cancer with a relatively favorable outlook. (dadamo.com)
  • However, a prevalence of Tn antigens (Note: Tn Antigen is actually a precursor to T antigen or a less well developed T antigen) on a cancer cell usually denotes a highly aggressive, metastatic cancer irrespective of organ or type of cancer. (dadamo.com)
  • The difference between the yards is largely because a cancer cell is unable to completely assemble a normal, healthy cell membrane structure like a blood type ABO antigen. (dadamo.com)
  • However, as a cancer cell becomes poorly differentiated, Tn antigen expression predominates. (dadamo.com)
  • One of the functions of these T and Tn antigens is to promote cancer cell adhesion----the ability for the cancer cell to stick to other cells including healthy cells. (dadamo.com)
Carbohydrate4
  • The MECA-79 antibody reacts with sulfate-dependent carbohydrate epitopes of peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The MECA-79-reactive antigen is closely associated with the carbohydrate ligands for L-selectin ( eg , CD34, GlyCAM-1, MAdCAM-1), which are expressed on high endothelial venules (HEV) in lymphoid tissues and at sites of chronic inflammation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Consequently, substantial effort has been expended in efforts to develop vaccines based on carbohydrate epitopes. (rsc.org)
  • VC 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. a glycolipid antigen with globo-series carbohydrate core structures (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)
Cross-reactive1
  • The phenomenon of cross-reactivity in HLA testing, often explained as cross-reactive groups (CREGs) of antigens with antibody, can be clearly explained now by public epitopes. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
Presentation3
  • These microspheres containing rAg85B were assessed for their ability to deliver antigen to macrophages for subsequent processing and presentation to the specific CD4 T-hybridoma cells DB-1. (rti.org)
  • This formulation demonstrated extended epitope presentation. (rti.org)
  • MHC class I molecules are involved in presentation of antigens to CD8 + T cells. (biolegend.com)
Bone Marrow1
  • A study in Nature suggests epitope editing in donor stem cells prior to bone marrow transplants can stave off toxicity when targeting acute myeloid leukemia with immunotherapy. (genomeweb.com)
Molecules2
  • Amino acid sequences of the HLA molecules which greatly contributed to our understanding of antibody and antigen reactivity has been introduced since 1963 [4C12]. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • CD66 identifies a neutrophil-specific epitope within the hematopoietic system that is expressed by members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family of adhesion molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
Immunity2
  • For MHC class II antigen-re- demic (H1N1) 2009 virus are listed in Immunity to stricted epitopes essential for an- the Table. (cdc.gov)
  • Autoimmunity also may be caused by cross-immunity of antigens in other tissues with thymoma-associated antigens. (medscape.com)
Human5
  • Human studies strongly suggest that epitope spreading has a role in ongoing disease, although epitope spreading is very difficult to verify in human disease. (nature.com)
  • These antigens also activated the human naïve CD4+ T cells in presence of autologous DCs as measured using ELISPOT for IFN-gamma. (cdc.gov)
  • MHC class I antigens associated with β2-microglobulin are expressed by all human nucleated cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Isolation of the target antigen of human anti-tubular basement membrane antibody-associated interstitial nephritis. (jci.org)
  • In the presence of active S. equina infection, antigens from the adult and microfilaraemic stages showed the highest degree of cross-reaction with human sera. (who.int)
Pathogen1
  • The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen . (wikipedia.org)
Adjuvant1
  • Convincing evidence for the pathological role of epitope spreading is also seen in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and adjuvant arthritis. (nature.com)
Molecule1
19981
  • We found that multiple major restricted epitopes in NP and MP of Hong Kong/156/1997 and A/Hong histocompatibility complex (MHC)- seasonal epidemic infl uenza viruses Kong/97/1998) (www.ncbi.nlm.nih. (cdc.gov)
Buffer Kit1
  • Alternatively, you can utilize the Epitope Recovery Buffer Kit to determine the optimal buffer for test antigen unmasking. (antigen-retriever.com)
Autoimmune1
  • Studies in two models of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler's murine encephalitogenic virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) have shown conclusively that epitope spreading plays a pathological role in ongoing disease and that blocking this process by inducing tolerance to spread myelin epitopes or blocking costimulation of T cells (necessary for epitope spreading) blocks (EAE) or inhibits (TMEV-IDD) ongoing clinical disease. (nature.com)
Reactivity2
  • Cross-reactivity risk analysis of the candidates TCRs showed high binding stability to MAGE-A3-Mp4 epitope and low risk of cross-reaction. (thno.org)
  • Advances in testing assays and amino acid sequencing of HLA along with computer software contributed further to the understanding of antibody-antigen reactivity. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
Generate1
  • Each investigator must determine the precise experimental conditions required to generate a strong and specific signal for each antigen of interest. (rndsystems.com)
Immune response1
  • Not surprisingly, blood type A individuals have the least aggressive antibody immune response against the T and probably Tn antigens. (dadamo.com)
Uptake3
  • The antigen uptake is an endocytotic process that involves intracellular lysosomes. (medscape.com)
  • Antigen uptake has been found to be increased in children with gastroenteritis and with cow's milk allergy . (medscape.com)
  • TNF-α increases intestinal permeability, which facilitates the uptake of undigested food antigens. (medscape.com)
Specific7
  • A cohort of HLA-A2+ NSCLC donors demonstrated that the number of epitope specific CD8+ T cells increased in NSCLC than healthy controls when measured with tetramer derived from the candidate MAGE-A3 epitopes, especially epitope Mp4 (MAGE-A3: 160-169, LVFGIELMEV). (thno.org)
  • This association afforded us a unique opportunity to identify a sarcoidosis-specific antigen recognized by AV2S3+ T cells. (jci.org)
  • To identify candidates for the postulated sarcoidosis-specific antigen, lung cells from 16 HLA-DRB1*0301pos patients were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. (jci.org)
  • In each allergen, numerous epitopes can be recognized by specific IgE presence. (medscape.com)
  • and large amounts of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α are produced by T cells in an antigen-specific manner. (medscape.com)
  • In both IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated food allergies, Th2 cytokines (such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) are produced by T cells in response to specific food antigens. (medscape.com)
  • The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is brain. (lu.se)