• Heparin, as a glycosaminoglycan, is known for its anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties for several decades. (bvsalud.org)
  • Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chondroitin lyases from Flavobacterium heparinum (Cytophaga heparinia) have been widely used in depolymerization of glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan chondroitin sulphates. (rpi.edu)
  • We have examined the activities of different preparations of heparin and heparan sulfate lyases from Flavobacterium heparinum. (rpi.edu)
  • In recent years, there have been extensive studies that heparin plays an important role in non-anticoagulant diseases, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-angiogenesis, anti-neoplastic, anti-metastatic effects, and so on. (bvsalud.org)
  • McLean was a second-year medical student at Johns Hopkins University, and was working under the guidance of Howell investigating pro-coagulant preparations, when he isolated a fat-soluble phosphatide anticoagulant in canine liver tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the early 1920s, Howell isolated a water-soluble polysaccharide anticoagulant, which he also termed 'heparin', although it was different from the previously discovered phosphatide preparations. (wikipedia.org)
  • McLean's work as a surgeon probably changed the focus of the Howell group to look for anticoagulants, which eventually led to the polysaccharide discovery. (wikipedia.org)
  • For anticoagulation potency, the formation of the SP/protease protein complex and the associated non-specific polar interaction between the negatively and positively charged groups in the polysaccharide and protein is responsible for anticoagulant activity. (springer.com)
  • Heparin is a life-saving drug and is widely used for anticoagulation in medical practice. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 1918, Howell coined the term 'heparin' for this type of fat-soluble anticoagulant. (wikipedia.org)
  • A novel type of heparinase (heparin lyase, no EC number) has been purified from Bacteroides stercoris HJ-15, isolated from human intestine, which produces three kinds of heparinases. (rpi.edu)
  • Other uses for its anticoagulant properties include inside blood specimen test tubes and kidney dialysis machines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heparin, an anticoagulant drug, is biosynthesized in selected animal cells. (rpi.edu)
  • In 2020, several studies demonstrated the efficacy of heparin in mitigating severe disease progression, as its anticoagulant effect counteracted the formation of immunothrombosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • [3] [4] Many national guidelines including the AHA have interpreted this cohort of studies as suggesting that there are specific subgroups who may benefit from tPA and thus recommend its use within a limited time window after the event. (wikidoc.org)
  • While heparin itself does not break down clots that have already formed (unlike tissue plasminogen activator), it allows the body's natural clot lysis mechanisms to work normally to break down clots that have formed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heparin was discovered by Jay McLean and William Henry Howell in 1916, although it did not enter clinical trials until 1935. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clinical observation and in vitro experiments indicate that heparin displays a potential multitarget effect. (bvsalud.org)
  • Heparin is contraindicated for suspected cases of vaccine-induced pro-thrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, as heparin may further increase the risk of bleeding in an anti-PF4/heparin complex autoimmune manner, in favor of alternative anticoagulant medications (such as argatroban or danaparoid). (wikipedia.org)
  • In less affluent countries, the resulting heparin shortage also led to worsened health care beyond the treatment of covid, for example through the cancellation of cardiac surgeries. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this brief review, we will summarize heparin and its derivative's recently studied progress for the treatment of various viral infections. (bvsalud.org)
  • Heparin is generally used for anticoagulation for the following conditions: Acute coronary syndrome, e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protamine is currently the most widely used drug for the reversal of heparin anticoagulation. (asahq.org)
  • Heparinase 1 (heparinase) is being evaluated as a possible alternative to protamine for the reversal of heparin anticoagulation. (asahq.org)
  • Despite its known side effects, protamine is currently the most widely used drug for the neutralization of heparin anticoagulation. (asahq.org)
  • 3,4 ] Protamine and heparinase have been shown to effectively reverse heparin anticoagulation. (asahq.org)
  • At dosages that reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin, heparinase has minimal effects on platelets, whereas platelet reactivity was markedly inhibited by protamine. (asahq.org)
  • Serious side effects include heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heparin is contraindicated for suspected cases of vaccine-induced pro-thrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, as heparin may further increase the risk of bleeding in an anti-PF4/heparin complex autoimmune manner, in favor of alternative anticoagulant medications (such as argatroban or danaparoid). (wikipedia.org)
  • Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease. (lookformedical.com)
  • Polysaccharides are not drugs by themselves, but their use in pharmaceutical field, for example as drug carriers or antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory or anticoagulant agents, is increasingly promising. (mdpi.com)
  • Sulfated polysaccharides derived from seaweeds, considered a potential source of bioactive compounds for drug development, have shown antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses, mainly including common DNA viruses and RNA viruses. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • As a result, global heparin production became increasingly concentrated in China, where the substance was now procured from the expanding industry of breeding and slaughtering hog. (wikipedia.org)
  • Common side effects include bleeding, pain at the injection site, and low blood platelets. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sulfated domains within these sulfated GAGs serve as the binding sites for specific biological macromolecules, including blood proteins and viral capsular proteins. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. (lookformedical.com)
  • HN - 2006(1998) MH - Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex UI - D051376 MN - D5.750.78.730.246 MN - D12.776.220.525.246 MS - A complex of seven proteins including ARP2 PROTEIN and ARP3 PROTEIN that plays an essential role in maintenance and assembly of the CYTOSKELETON. (nih.gov)
  • Other uses for its anticoagulant properties include inside blood specimen test tubes and kidney dialysis machines. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first human trials of heparin began in May 1935, and, by 1937, it was clear that Connaught's heparin was safe, easily available, and effective as a blood anticoagulant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heparin acts as an anticoagulant, preventing the formation of clots and extension of existing clots within the blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2020, several studies demonstrated the efficacy of heparin in mitigating severe disease progression, as its anticoagulant effect counteracted the formation of immunothrombosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both non-sulfated and sulfated GAGs play vital regulatory roles in biological and cellular functions, including homeostasis, cell growth, development, cardiovascular disease, cancer, infection and wound repair. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • Between 1933 and 1936, Connaught Medical Research Laboratories, then a part of the University of Toronto, perfected a technique for producing safe, nontoxic heparin that could be administered to patients, in a saline solution. (wikipedia.org)
  • The study enrolled 37 subjects (27 male) including 22 AMI patients, 7 CABG patients, and 8 healthy individuals as the control group (CTRL). (hindawi.com)
  • Despite the significant advancement in therapeutic strategy including optimized pharmacotherapy and myocardial revascularization, the prognosis of patients with CVD remains unsatisfactory. (hindawi.com)
  • The heparosan chain is sequentially modified by tissue-specific sulfotransferases and C5-epimerase to form sulfated heparan sulfate and highly sulfated heparin. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • These non-sulfated GAGs are also produced in animal cells and, in some cases, are the precursor backbones for sulfated GAGs (eg, heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate). (drugtargetreview.com)
  • BS, including sphingosine (SP) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)[ 9 , a biologically important class of compounds, have essential functions including regulation of cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, migration, and apoptosis as well as inflammation and angiogenesis [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)