Antibody fragments bound bind domains single domain antibodies. Medical search. Frequent questions

A much more promising strategy is to use recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against influenza and several are currently in clinical development ( 9 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Thorpe, (1985) "Antibody Carriers Of Cytotoxic Agents In Cancer Therapy: A Review," in Monoclonal Antibodies '84: Biological And Clinical Applications, A. Pinchera et al (ed.s), pp. 475-506). (justia.com)
21:183-87) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as well as drug-linking and drug-releasing properties (Lambert, J. (2005) Curr. (justia.com)
In this work, we evaluated a panel of 16 anti-BoNT/A monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for their ability to inhibit the in vitro activity of BoNT/A1, /A2, and /A3 complex as well as the recombinant LC of A1. (cdc.gov)

The present invention relates to antigen-binding proteins, or antigen-binding fragments thereof that bind to a glycan on the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. (justia.com)
The present invention also relates to antigen-binding proteins, or antigen-binding fragment conjugated to a radioisotope or cytotoxin, and wherein said antigen-binding proteins, or antigen-binding fragment is internalised into a cell upon binding to AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. (justia.com)
Compositions comprising a physiologically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of the antigen-binding protein, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, therapeutic use of the antigen-binding protein, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, methods for detecting cancer as well as kits when used in such methods are also provided. (justia.com)
Such therapy functions through mediating alterations in antigen or receptor function, modulating the immune system or delivering a specific drug that is conjugated to an antibody that targets a specific antigen. (justia.com)
Antibodies against a specific antigen on a cancerous tissue can be used to target and kill the cancerous tissue. (justia.com)
Suitability of an antigen for therapy is dependent on various factors including but not limited to the nature of the antigen (e.g. accessibility, abundance, location of expression on cancerous cells etc.), therapeutic approach, antibody affinity and other pharmacokinetic properties. (justia.com)
In one aspect, there is provided an antigen-binding protein, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof that competes with the antigen binding protein as defined herein for binding to AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. (justia.com)
In one aspect, there is provided an antigen-binding protein, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, as defined herein, comprising a radioisotope or a cytotoxin conjugated thereto. (justia.com)
In one aspect, there is provided a composition comprising a physiologically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of the antigen-binding protein, or antigen-binding fragment thereof as defined herein. (justia.com)
In one aspect, there is provided a use of an antigen-binding protein, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof as defined herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer. (justia.com)
PM results from accumulation of Plasmodium falciparum -infected erythrocytes (IE) that express the surface antigen VAR2CSA and bind to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) in the placenta. (elifesciences.org)
In two independent antibody purification/depletion experiments with permutated order of VAR2CSA variants, IgG purified on the first VAR2CSA antigen displayed broad cross-reactivity to both recombinant and native VAR2CSA variants, and inhibited binding of all isolates to CSA. (elifesciences.org)
The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen . (wikipedia.org)
[2] [3] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. (wikipedia.org)
To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. (wikipedia.org)
The class hence determines the function triggered by an antibody after binding to an antigen, in addition to some structural features. (wikipedia.org)
After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
The antigen binding site is circled. (wikipedia.org)
Structurally an antibody is also partitioned into two antigen-binding fragments (Fab), containing one V L , V H , C L , and C H 1 domain each, as well as the crystallisable fragment (Fc), forming the trunk of the Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
Identification of such tumor-associated cell surface antigen polypeptides, i.e. tumor associated antigens (TAA), allows specific targeting of cancer cells for destruction via antibody-based therapies. (justia.com)
in most applications the substance in question serves as antigen, both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance. (theodora.com)

In the past year, four antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) were approved, nearly doubling the marketed ADCs in oncology. (aacrjournals.org)
Specifically, the invention provides novel antibody conjugates suitable for use in Discrete Fluorescence Quenching Displacement Immunoassays and methods for producing these antibody conjugates. (trea.com)
The invention further relates to the use the novel antibody conjugates, and a kit comprising the same. (trea.com)
Cysteine engineered anti-MUC16 antibodies (Ab) are conjugated with one or more drug moieties (D) through a linker (L) to form cysteine engineered anti-MUC16 antibody-drug conjugates having Formula I: Ab-(L-D)p I where p is 1 to 4. (justia.com)
The use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), i.e. immunoconjugates, for the local delivery of cytotoxic or cytostatic agents, i.e. drugs to kill or inhibit tumor cells in the treatment of cancer (Lambert, J. (2005) Curr. (justia.com)
Drug moieties used in antibody drug conjugates include bacterial protein toxins such as diphtheria toxin, plant protein toxins such as ricin, small molecules such as auristatins, geldanamycin (Mandler et al (2000) J. of the Nat. (justia.com)

These rare mAbs bind to functionally conserved epitopes such as those in the hemagglutinin (HA) stem, thereby providing strain independent protection. (frontiersin.org)
The mAbs binding the C-terminal portion of the BoNT/A heavy chain had optimal properties for use in the Endopep-MS assay. (cdc.gov)

An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily . (wikipedia.org)
The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)
Antibody deficiencies are treated with intravenous immunoglobulin substitution therapy. (lu.se)

The invention also relates to methods of using antibodies and antibody-drug conjugate compounds for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or treatment of mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions. (justia.com)

The present invention relates generally to antibodies. (justia.com)
Specifically, the present invention relates to anti-AXL tyrosine kinase receptor antibodies and their uses thereof. (justia.com)
The invention relates generally to antibodies engineered with reactive cysteine residues and more specifically to antibodies with therapeutic or diagnostic applications. (justia.com)

IgG remaining after depletion on all variants showed significantly reduced binding-inhibition activity compared to initial total IgG. (elifesciences.org)

However, the first VAR2CSA subunit vaccines failed to induce broadly neutralizing antibody and it is known that naturally acquired antibodies target both variant-specific and conserved epitopes. (elifesciences.org)
These findings demonstrate that a single VAR2CSA ectodomain variant displays conserved epitopes that are targeted by neutralizing (or binding-inhibitory) antibodies shared by multiple parasite strains, including maternal isolates. (elifesciences.org)
In this work, we carried out a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the reported spike protein antibodies, counting the epitopes and genotypes of these antibodies. (nature.com)
We further comprehensively analyzed the impact of Omicron mutations on antibody epitopes and classified these antibodies according to their binding patterns. (nature.com)
We found that the epitopes of the H-RBD class antibodies were significantly less affected by Omicron mutations than other classes. (nature.com)
A comprehensive and systematic analysis of the epitopes and modes of action of these antibodies can help us deeply understand the working mechanism of antibodies. (nature.com)
Our results showed that Omicron mutations affected the epitopes of most of the existing antibodies in Protein Data Bank (PDB). (nature.com)
Based on the binding mode of antibodies, we classified these antibodies and found that the epitopes of the H-RBD class antibodies were significantly less affected by Omicron mutations than other classes. (nature.com)
Another design strategy was developed using gammaretroviruses backbone where 2 domains were substituted with HIV epitopes in the N-terminal part of the ectodomain and the membrane proximal external region (MPER) respectively. (europa.eu)

However, a key challenge in developing candidate therapeutic antibodies for cancer is the identification of antigens suitable for antibody-based therapy. (justia.com)
There is clearly an urgent need for additional approaches and antibodies present new opportunities for both therapeutic and prophylactic intervention. (frontiersin.org)
Diagnostic and therapeutic uses for cysteine engineered antibody drug compounds and compositions are disclosed. (justia.com)

Their plasma was passed over five different large VAR2CSA variants in order to isolate and purify antibodies that attached to these structures. (elifesciences.org)
We have previously reported the effectiveness of antibody-capture to purify and concentrate BoNTs from complex matrices, such as clinical samples. (cdc.gov)

Red blood cells infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum display a protein, VAR2CSA, which can recognize and bind CSA molecules present on placental cells and in placental blood spaces. (elifesciences.org)
A new antibody assay, based on a peptide from the S protein, which was screened out from 20 candidate peptides deduced from the genomic sequence. (covidreference.com)
Some cytotoxic drugs tend to be inactive or less active when conjugated to large antibodies or protein receptor ligands. (justia.com)
The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)

The fundamental basis of antibody-based cancer therapy is the fact that cancerous tissues express an array of antigens that may be overexpressed, selectively expressed or mutated compared to normal, non-cancerous tissue. (justia.com)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

Cryo-EM results showed that this class of antibodies utilized a conserved mechanism to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. (nature.com)
Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). (wikipedia.org)
Because some antibodies inhibit or neutralize the activity of BoNT, the choice of antibody with which to extract the toxin is critical. (cdc.gov)

The so-called Fluorescence Quenching Immunoassay uses two antibodies: one analyte specific antibody and one fluorophore specific antibody, whereby binding of the fluorophore specific antibody to the fluorophore reduces the fluorescence intensity. (trea.com)
This FRET-based homogeneous immunoassay consists of a dark-quencher labeled antibody and a fluorescently labeled peptide. (trea.com)

Among other attributes, successful ADCs optimize targeting antibody, conjugation chemistry, and payload mechanism of action. (aacrjournals.org)
The core idea is to leverage a mechanism of 'interaction substitution' by identifying recovered individuals who have protective antibodies and deploying them back into the community. (covidreference.com)

In order to study the immune escape of Omicron in more detail, we comprehensively and systematically studied the interaction between the antibodies reported in PDB and current Omicron strains. (nature.com)
The most widely studied TLR associated with LPS ligand binding, interaction and downstream activation, is TLR-4. (fortunejournals.com)

Binding and virus neutralization experiments showed that such antibodies could effectively inhibit the immune escape of Omicron. (nature.com)

The cysteine engineered antibodies may be conjugated with chemotherapeutic drugs, toxins, affinity ligands such as biotin, and detection labels such as fluorophores. (justia.com)

We have previously described R1a-B6, an alpaca-derived single domain antibody (nanobody), that is capable of potent cross-subtype neutralization in vitro of H1N1, H5N1, H2N2, and H9N2 influenza viruses, through binding to a highly conserved epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin stem region. (frontiersin.org)
Notably, there was a strong correlation between neutralization antibody titers and the numbers of virus-specific T cells. (covidreference.com)

It is crucial to determine whether effective vaccines will require incorporation of many or only a single VAR2CSA variants. (elifesciences.org)
Individuals exposed to the parasite naturally generate antibodies that block a wide array of variants from attaching to CSA. (elifesciences.org)
set out to find VAR2CSA structures that could be recognized by antibodies targeting an array of variants. (elifesciences.org)

Passive transfer of serum antibodies from convalescent patients has been used in the past ( 7 , 8 ), however, this approach is of limited use in a global pandemic emergency. (frontiersin.org)
Induction of binding Abs was measured by ELISA and neutralizing activity by PBMC and TZM-bl assays in all serum and vaginal samples. (europa.eu)

However, none of these available anti-AXL antibodies bind to both surface and soluble AXL. (justia.com)
[4] Soluble antibodies are released into the blood and tissue fluids , as well as many secretions . (wikipedia.org)

In contrast, first-generation vaccines based on VAR2CSA fragments have only induced variant-specific antibodies, therefore offering limited protection against infection. (elifesciences.org)
Meanwhile, it also provides guidance and insights for developing Omicron antibodies and vaccines. (nature.com)

Our findings demonstrate that a single intramuscular injection in mice of AAV encoding R1a-B6 fused to Fc fragments of different isotypes equipped either, with or without antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity, was able to drive sustained high-level expression (0.5-1.1 mg/mL) in sera with no evidence of reduction for up to 6 months. (frontiersin.org)
Transmembrane or otherwise tumor-associated polypeptides specifically expressed on the surface of cancer cells as compared to normal, non-cancerous cell(s) have been identified as cellular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy with antibodies. (justia.com)
SYN: group i.. humoral i. i. associated with circulating antibodies, in contradistinction to cellular i.. infection i. the paradoxical immune status in which resistance to reinfection coincides with the persistence of the original infection. (theodora.com)

By adding additional unlabeled analyte, via applying a sample, the steady state shifts and more fluorescence signal can be quenched by the fluorophore specific antibody. (trea.com)
When the peptide is bound by the antibody, the dark quencher and the fluorophore are in spatial proximity, resulting into a reduced fluorescence signal. (trea.com)

Cross-subtype neutralizing single domain antibodies against influenza present new opportunities for immunoprophylaxis and pandemic preparedness. (frontiersin.org)

Both the analyte and the peptide are mixed together and compete in binding the subsequently added antibody. (trea.com)
In contrast, when the analyte is bound, the peptide is displaced and the attached fluorophore is no longer quenched and emits light. (trea.com)

or it may be passive, being acquired from transfer of antibodies from another person or from an animal, either naturally, as from mother to fetus, or by intentional inoculation (artificial passive i.), and, with respect to the particular antibodies transferred, it is specific. (theodora.com)

Antibodies are heavy (~150 k Da ) proteins of about 10 nm in size, [7] arranged in three globular regions that roughly form a Y shape. (wikipedia.org)

Other specific initiatives were conducted such as evaluation of the sublingual route for immunization, investigation of the Principal Immunodominant Domain (PID) of gp41, and direct HIV inhibition with an Ag family which demonstrated in vitro antiviral activities comparable to the antiretroviral drug T20 (Fuzeon). (europa.eu)

In innate immunity, immune cells are activated by their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind to pattern molecules of invading pathogens. (fortunejournals.com)
This domain interacts with adaptor molecules and activates a cascade which regulates the inflammatory status in cells [12]. (fortunejournals.com)

In the field of immunodiagnostics, antibodies are used to quantify clinical biomarkers in complex biological samples like blood (Wild, 2013). (trea.com)

Additionally, homogeneous immunoassays only require one analyte specific antibody, which makes them suitable for detecting smaller biomarkers. (trea.com)

Having been exposed to the parasite in prior pregnancies generates antibodies that target VAR2CSA, stopping the infected blood cells from latching onto placental CSA or tagging them for immune destruction. (elifesciences.org)
The constant region at the trunk of the antibody includes sites involved in interactions with other components of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies from different classes also differ in where they are released in the body and at what stage of an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
Together with B and T cells , antibodies comprise the most important part of the adaptive immune system . (wikipedia.org)

In contrast, the remainder of the antibody is relatively constant. (wikipedia.org)

Antibody-based therapy has in recent years become an important treatment strategy for cancer. (justia.com)
Their simple modular structure and single open reading frame format are highly amenable to gene therapy-mediated delivery. (frontiersin.org)
A more practical and cost-effective strategy would be to use antibody gene therapy which would provide long term sustainable protection through antibody production within the patient. (frontiersin.org)
Antibody therapy has been established for the targeted treatment of patients with cancer, immunological and angiogenic disorders. (justia.com)
Polakis, P. Arming antibodies for cancer therapy. (justia.com)

On the other hand, the C-terminal which is the cytoplasmic domain of TLRs has a homology with interleukin type-1 receptor (IL-1R), known as Toll 1L-1R receptor (TIR) domain [11]. (fortunejournals.com)
The heavy chain is responsible for both receptor some species of the genus Clostridium, in particular, Clostridium binding via its C-terminal (CT) binding domain [4,5] (HC) and botulinum, C. butyricum, C. baratii, and C. argentinense. (cdc.gov)

Specific agglutination effected by antibody. (theodora.com)

3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)

and (ii) a light chain variable domain comprising a VLCDR1 having the amino acid sequence RASESVDNYGISFMN (SEQ ID NO: 6), a VLCDR2 having the amino acid sequence GASNQGS (SEQ ID NO: 7), and a VLCDR3 having the amino acid sequence QQSKEVP YT (SEQ ID NO: 8). (justia.com)
Cysteine engineered anti-MUC16 antibodies are engineered by replacing one or more amino acids of a parent anti-MUC16 antibody with non cross-linked, reactive cysteine amino acids. (justia.com)

Binding of these available anti-AXL antibodies are also not consistent across cancer cell lines. (justia.com)

The most promising Ags were submitted to a more in-depth biophysical investigation of their structure and conformation stability, and for their capacity to interact with neutralising antibodies (Abs) and peptides. (europa.eu)

Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)

Methods of design, preparation, screening, and selection of the cysteine engineered anti-MUC16 antibodies are provided. (justia.com)

In homogeneous immunoassays, the antibody reacts with the analyte in solution, which allows much faster assay times. (trea.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms17

Chemicals and Drugs78

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment48

Phenomena and Processes61

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care3

Monoclonal antibodies4

Antigen21

Conjugates6

MAbs2

Immunoglobulin5

Conjugate1

INVENTION3

Reduced binding-in1

Epitopes9

Therapeutic3

Purify2

Protein4

Antigens2

Neutralize3

Immunoassay2

Mechanism2

Interaction2

Inhibit1

Ligands1

Neutralization2

Variants3

Serum2

Soluble2

Vaccines2

Cellular3

Fluorescence2

Pandemic1

Peptide2

Passive1

Proteins1

Vitro1

Molecules2

Clinical1

Suitable1

Immune4

Contrast1

Therapy5

Receptor2

Specific1

Cells1

Amino2

Cancer cell1

Stability1

Surface1

Methods1

Solution1