Antibody human retrovirus htlv ii antigens. Medical search. Frequent questions

5% of these cattle, which are excluded from the market as a result ( 1 ), but BLV-infected lymphocytes are also found in the blood and milk of subclinically infected cows ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
HIV-1 Vif appears to be required in the course of the late levels of virus manufacturing for the suppression of an innate antiviral phenotype that resides in human T lymphocytes . (hoxyl.pl)
Included are CD4 ANTIGENS, found on T4 lymphocytes, and monocytes/macrophages, which bind to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120. (harvard.edu)
50, 62 Using electron microscopy, they succeeded in detecting retrovirus-like particles in short-term cultures of lymphocytes derived from cattle with persistent lymphocytosis and stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin. (anipedia.org)
To induce CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) along with neutralizing antibody and CD4+ T cell help, a live canarypox virus construct expressing gp120, transmembrane gp41, the gag and protease genes, and sequences containing CTL epitopes in nef and pol was given simultaneously with, or followed by, rgp120 SF2. (lookformedical.com)
The root mechanisms where HTLV-1 establishes a continual infections and transforms lymphocytes continues HDAC9 to be extensively looked into but incompletely grasped. (arcticcirclescotland.com)
Predicated on the lengthy amount of and the reduced percentage of people ASP9521 who develop ATL latency, transformation of contaminated lymphocytes is thought to be initiated through the induction of mobile genes and modifications in mobile activation and loss of life pathways by HTLV-1 protein (18, 35). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
Latest research reveal a substantial function for HTLV-1 accessories proteins in the entire lifestyle routine of HTLV-1, particularly through the early stage from the viral infections of lymphocytes (evaluated in sources 12, 28, and 32). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
p13II mRNA is certainly expressed in a variety of HTLV-1-contaminated cell lines isolated from scientific sufferers of ATL and HTLV-1-linked myelopathy-tropical spastic paraparesis (5, 36), and circulating cytotoxic lymphocytes particular to ORF II items (i.e., p13II and p30II) have already been discovered both in HTLV-1-contaminated ATL sufferers and in asymptomatic people (34). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
A fast-growing cancer of the antibody-producing lymphocytes. (lab-ally.com)
Frequent mutations change some viral antigens so that the lymphocytes are unable to create an antibody that can neutralize the original antigen and its replacement. (unboundmedicine.com)

Antibodies to the HIV-1 major group-specific antigen (GAG) protein p24, and its precursor p55, are the earliest detected after infection by Western blot and tend to decrease or become undetectable with onset or progression of clinical symptoms (4-9). (cdc.gov)
The inner nucleocapsid is formed by four proteins (p24, p15, p12, p10) encoded by the gag (group specific antigen) gene. (anipedia.org)

However, in a recent study, the protein with a mobility of 160 kilodaltons (kd) present in commercially available Western blots and in viral lysate antigen preparations was identified as a multimer of the gp41 protein (10,11). (cdc.gov)
Although the overall sensitivity and specificity of the Western blot for detection of antibodies to the various viral proteins are high, there has been substantial debate regarding the interpretive criteria. (cdc.gov)
Nora Chapman et al from the Enterovirus Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, have shown that human enteroviruses Coxsackie B can naturally delete sequence from the 5' end of the RNA genome and that this deletional mechanism results in long-term viral persistence, which has substantially altered the previously held view (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440640/?tool=pubmed). (investinme.org)
Since the JHK-3 cell line also contains Epstein-Barr virus DNA and nuclear antigen and a 196-nm viral particle of unusual morphology, this particle will be identified and its relationship determined, if any, to JHK viral infection. (ncf-net.org)
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are considered to be at significant risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and bloodborne viruses including viral hepatitis types B, C, and D (HBV, HCV, and HDV) and human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV 1&2). (biomedcentral.com)
The viral genome is diploid, i.e. it consists of two identical single-stranded positive-sense RNAs with a sedimentation constant of 60 to 70S and a length of 8 400 nucleotides. (anipedia.org)
In addition, we used an ELISA based on recombinant XMRV proteins to screen 146 PCa patient sera for viral Env- and Gag-specific antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
However, neither rFWPV nor rVV were able to express transgenes under the control of late viral promoters, indicating that both rFWPV and rVV infections are arrested at an early stage in human DCs. (lookformedical.com)
The treatment of HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cells with either oleandrin or a N. oleander extract did not significantly inhibit viral replication or the release of p19Gag-containing particles into the culture supernatants. (longdom.org)
Unlike HIV-1, extracellular HTLV-1 particles are poorly infectious and viral transmission typically occurs via direct intercellular interactions across a virological synapse. (longdom.org)
On the other hand, zero of six rabbits inoculated with 729.ACH.p13 cells didn't create viral infection, whereas six of six rabbits inoculated with wild-type HTLV-1-expressing cells (729.ACH) were contaminated seeing that measured by antibody replies, proviral fill, and HTLV-1 p19 matrix antigen creation from former mate vivo-cultured PBMC. (arcticcirclescotland.com)
Although initial research reported that HTLV-1 ORF II was dispensable for viral infections in vitro (15, 37), disruption of pX ORF II within an HTLV-1 proviral clone that blocks appearance of full-length p30II by itself or both p30II and p13II significantly decreased viral infectivity and web host humoral response in rabbits (2, 39). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
New models for other human-specific or human selective pathogens -- Dual reconstituted mice for hepatotropic pathogens -- Dengue viral pathogenesis and immune responses in humanized mice -- HIV-1 and TB: How Humanized Mice Can Help -- Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Humanized Mice -- HTLV-1 infection of humanized NOD/SCID IL2 gc-/- and BALB/c-Rag2-/-gc-/- mouse models -- Plasmodium falciparum parasite development in humanized mice: liver and blood stages -- Part VII. (edu.au)
The viral genome is longer than any other human retroviral genome (9.1-9.2 kilobases). (pasteur.fr)
Plasma viral load in HIV-1 and HIV-2 singly and dually infected individuals in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: significantly lower plasma virus set point in HIV-2 infection than in HIV-1 infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Low peripheral blood viral HIV-2 RNA in individuals with high CD4 percentage differentiates HIV-2 from HIV-1 infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
This Journal welcomes basic research as well as pre-clinical and clinical studies of novel diagnostic tools, vaccines, anti-viral therapies and considers articles on all aspects of human viruses and retrovirus research. (medcraveonline.com)

In relation to "CFS", the most-studied viruses have been the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and the Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6). (investinme.org)
Four types of human T cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) have been described (HTLV-1 to HTLV-4) with three of them having closely related simian virus analogues named STLV-1, -2, and -3. (bvsalud.org)
Since several animal RNA tumor viruses (Klein 1980) and cells of the putative human retroviruses isolated to date (Bronson et al. (science-connections.com)
The Vif (virion infectivity issue) proteins are encoded by primate immunodeficiency viruses, most notably human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). (hoxyl.pl)
These viruses, called human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type III (HTLV-III) and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV), seem to have many characteristics in common with LAV and probably represent independent isolates of the LAV prototype. (pasteur.fr)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)
Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? (mdpi.com)
Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. (mdpi.com)
The common influenza viruses have antigens that mutate or combine readily, requiring new vaccines with each mutation. (unboundmedicine.com)
The 400 known viruses are classified in several ways: by genome core (RNA or DNA), host (animals, plants, or bacteria), method of reproduction (such as retrovirus), mode of transmission (such as enterovirus), and disease produced (such as hepatitis virus). (unboundmedicine.com)
The majority of emerging infectious diseases in humans are of animal origin, and many of them are caused by neuropathogenic viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Retroviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that incorporate their genomes as proviruses into host chromosomal genomes after reverse transcription to cDNA. (biomedcentral.com)

However, unlike other oncogenic retroviruses, deltaretroviruses have an additional region, tax (trans-activating region of the X gene), which has regulatory functions and is oncogenic to host cells. (cdc.gov)
Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first oncogenic human retrovirus discovered in 1980. (bvsalud.org)
For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)

A previous finding of antibodies against BLV in humans led us to examine the possibility of human infection with BLV. (cdc.gov)
This study could not determine whether the antibodies were a response to infection or merely to heat-inactivated BLV consumed in food products. (cdc.gov)
The finding of antibodies to BLV in humans prompted us to investigate human tissues for evidence of infection with BLV by using liquid-phase PCR (L-PCR), sequencing, in situ PCR, and immunohistochemical (IHC) testing. (cdc.gov)
There is a period following initial infection and before antibody development when an individual is infectious but has negative ELISA and Western blot test results. (health.am)
Does HIV-2 protect against HIV-1 infection? (microbiologyresearch.org)
Does HIV-2 infection provide cross-protection against HIV-1 infection? (microbiologyresearch.org)
Diagnosis of HIV-1/2 dual infection using dilution analysis of type-specific antibody. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2-mediated inhibition of HIV type 1: a new approach to gene therapy of HIV-infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The detection of HIV-2 infection in southern India. (microbiologyresearch.org)

He defined the IL-2 receptor subunits IL-2R beta and IL-2R alpha using the first reported anticytokine monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) leading to the definition of the IL-2R alpha as a target for the therapy of leukemia and autoimmune diseases. (wikipedia.org)
A monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) reactive with activated and functionally mature human T cells. (wikipedia.org)
We developed a monoclonal antibody (5D2) to FTC and demonstrated its high specificity and physiologically relevant linear range of detection in a competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA). (cdc.gov)
Thus, this monoclonal antibody is a key reagent that will enable simple and low-cost lateral flow assays and EIAs for adherence monitoring. (cdc.gov)

The pathogen is certainly connected with lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory illnesses also, such HTLV-1-linked myelopathy-tropical spastic paraparesis (16, 24, 27). (arcticcirclescotland.com)

Adult rats immunized with either TARS-1 or TARL-2 produced antibodies specific for HTLV. (rupress.org)

Antibodies directed against white blood cell (WBC) human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in otherwise compatible donor blood are one possible cause. (merckmanuals.com)

Research has intensified to understand ERV protein function and their role as tumor antigens and targets for cancer (immune) therapy. (frontiersin.org)
In this investigation a human RCC tissue microarray (TMA) (n=374) predominantly consisting of the most common histological tumor subtypes was hybridized with an ERV-K env antibody and correlated with patient clinical data. (frontiersin.org)
This study supports ERV-K env as a single prognostic indicator for better survival of RCC, which we propose represents a new tumor antigen. (frontiersin.org)
Specifically, ERV-K members were originally identified due to their similarity to the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) and are subdivided into ten so-called human MMTV-like clades (HML1-10) ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, 146 sera samples from prostate tumor patients were tested for XMRV Gag and Env antibodies using a newly developed ELISA assay. (biomedcentral.com)
Advances in understanding the role of dendritic cells (DCs) as the major antigen (Ag)-presenting cell type of the immune system combined with the recent development of methods for the ex vivo expansion of human DCs have opened the possibility for the transfer of tumor Ags to DCs with a view toward tumor immunotherapy. (lookformedical.com)
We conclude that host range-restricted FWPV can be used efficiently to transfer Ag genes to human DCs ex vivo and may have a role in the development of tumor immunotherapy protocols. (lookformedical.com)
2. Active metastatic tumor cell invasion into CNS 3. (mycancergenome.org)

The development of sensitive and specific tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) progressed rapidly after this retrovirus was identified as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)
Cellular receptors that bind the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS. (harvard.edu)
Serum samples from 85 Austrian hemophilia patients treated with lyophilized factor concentrates prepared from U.S. plasma sources, 24 hemophilia patients from Georgia on a home therapy program with factor concentrates, and 10 U.S. hemophilia patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were analyzed by two different methods for the presence of antibodies to the major internal antigen of human T-cell leukemia virus I (HTLV-I) p24. (jasonandjarvis.com)
The absence of antibody to HTLV-I p24 in the serum of European hemophilia patients, of U.S. hemophilia patients with no symptoms of AIDS, and of U.S. hemophilia patients with AIDS is interpreted as an indication of the lack of ready transmissibility of HTLV-I in lyophilized factor concentrates. (jasonandjarvis.com)
Lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) is a human retrovirus first isolated from a homosexual patient with lymphadenopathy syndrome, frequently a prodrome or a benign form of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). (pasteur.fr)
Aids in identifying antibodies including those responsible for dementia (memory loss) blood brain barrier disruption, neuropathies and inflammation. (flimc.com)

A canarypox vaccine expressing multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genes given alone or with rgp120 elicits broad and durable CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in seronegative volunteers. (lookformedical.com)
Induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells is considered one of the important correlates for the protective efficacy of candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines. (lookformedical.com)
The botanical glycoside, oleandrin, derived from extracts of Nerium oleander , has previously been shown to reduce the levels of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) particles and inhibit HIV-1 infectivity in vitro . (longdom.org)
Cytotoxic T cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 2-infected patients frequently cross-react with different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clades. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Waldmann studied adult T-cell leukemia that develops in individuals infected with the retrovirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1). (wikipedia.org)
While human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) originates from ancient cross-species transmission of simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) from infected nonhuman primates, much debate exists on whether the first HTLV-1 occurred in Africa, or in Asia during early human evolution and migration. (bvsalud.org)
We then inserted the genes encoding lacZ, luciferase (luci), and envelope of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1 env) into the TK gene of CaPV to evaluate its suitability as an expression vector. (lookformedical.com)
Individual T-lymphotropic pathogen type 1 (HTLV-1) is certainly classified being a complicated retrovirus and an associate from the genus as well as the 3 lengthy terminal do it again that encodes the regulatory proteins Taxes and Rex, aswell as several non-structural accessories proteins, p12I, p27I, p13II, and p30II (12, 16, 28, 30). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare and aggressive disease caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 that predominantly affects Japanese and Caribbean populations. (oncotarget.com)
The causative agent of ATLL has been identified as the human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) [ 2 - 4 ], which is endemic to Japan, the Caribbean islands, Central and South America, and parts of sub-Saharan Africa [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Serological evidence for virus related to simian T-lymphotropic retrovirus III in residents of west Africa. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Antibodies to the polymerase (POL) gene products (p31, p51, and p66) are also commonly detected if these antigens are present on the Western blot strips. (cdc.gov)
19 Further analysis of the BLV genome reveals a striking homology to HTLV-I in the gene arrangement, although their nucleotide sequence homology is limited. (anipedia.org)
Antigen gene transfer to cultured human dendritic cells using recombinant avipoxvirus vectors. (lookformedical.com)
Much less is well known about the accessories proteins p13II, a singly spliced item of the next open reading body (ORF II) from the pX gene area. (arcticcirclescotland.com)

If the evidence obtained substantiates its novelty, additional goals will include exploring in depth its biology and molecular genetics and establishing its possible relationship to human disease, especially chronic fatigue immune deficiency syndrome (CFIDS), leukemia, and lymphoma. (ncf-net.org)
We therefore investigated whether oleandrin or a N. oleander extract could inhibit virus transmission from a GFP-expressing HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cell-line to huPBMCs in co-culture assays. (longdom.org)
HTLV-1 may be the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), an extremely ASP9521 intense T-cell malignancy (evaluated in guide 43). (arcticcirclescotland.com)

The salient features of our putative new virus must be compared with those of known retroviruses. (ncf-net.org)
In cattle, known retroviruses are bovine leukemia virus (BLV) of the genus Deltaretrovirus , bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) of the genus Lentivirus , and bovine foamy virus (BFV) of the genus Bovispumavirus [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In contrast, antibodies to the envelope (ENV) precursor protein gp160 and the final ENV proteins (gp120 and gp41) can be detected in specimens from virtually all HIV-infected persons regardless of clinical stage (4-9). (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, none of the sera contained antibodies specific for the XMRV Env or Gag proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
For starters, the HIV tests are non specific as they do not detect the presence of HIV, but they detect proteins or antibodies which could be in the body for countless reasons. (naturalnewsblogs.com)
Our data will be the first to point the fact that HTLV-1 mitochondrion-localizing proteins p13II comes with an important biological function through the early stage of virus infections in vivo. (arcticcirclescotland.com)
Antibodies attack "normal" proteins found in the cellular nucleus. (lab-ally.com)

so far, however, only the human retroviruses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I), the simian retroviruses, and coxsackievirus B have been etiologically connected with the disease. (medscape.com)

Rat lymphoid cell lines with human T cell leukemia virus production. (rupress.org)
The cell lines continuously produced a type C retrovirus, human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) and expressed ATL-associated antigens. (rupress.org)
Our finding of BLV in human tissues indicates a risk for the acquisition and proliferation of this virus in humans. (cdc.gov)
Concerns that this virus might infect humans through exposure to food products from subclinically infected animals prompted 10 studies that used what were then (1975-1979) state-of-the-art immunologic methods to test serum samples from a collective total of 1,761 humans, including cancer patients, farm workers, and veterinarians ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
However, HTLV-1 is not a ubiquitous virus. (bvsalud.org)
The following is a direct quotation from the CRISP search: ' Abstract Grant Number: 3RO1A132710-0353 PI Name: Grossberg, Sidney E. PI Title Project Title: JHK VIRUS Abstract: our goal is to determine by morphologic, genetic, biochemical, and immulogic means whether the JHK virus, an enveloped virus, and enveloped, 80-nm, RNA virus produced constitutively by a B lymphoblastoid cell line established in our laboratory, is a new human retrovirus. (ncf-net.org)
A novel retrovirus, human T -celllymphomaleukemia virus (HTLV), has been isolated from the fresh and cultured cells of two of these patients. (science-connections.com)
Subsequent characterization of this virus has shown that it is not significantly related to any known animal retrovirus, is not an endogenous (genetically transmitted) virus of man, and so far has been associated only with fresh or cultured T -cells from patients with T -cell neoplasia. (science-connections.com)
Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Envelope Glycoprotein Variants Selected for Resistance to a CD4-Mimetic Compound. (harvard.edu)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immune Cell Receptors, Coreceptors, and Cofactors: Implications for Prevention and Treatment. (harvard.edu)
This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and correlates of hepatitis B, C and D virus and anti-HTLV 1&2 antibodies among MSM, a high-risk population in Burkina Faso. (biomedcentral.com)
It is induced by an exogenous bovine (ruminant) retrovirus, bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). (anipedia.org)
The most commonly used HIV test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) followed, if positive, by Western blot-detects the presence of antibodies produced by the host as an immune response to certain genetic components of the virus, but not the presence of the virus itself. (health.am)
Resistance assays fall into two classes: genotyping examines the virus for mutations known to confer drug resistance, whereas phenotyping tests the susceptibility of the patient's virus to specific medications. (health.am)
We therefore tested whether oleandrin or an extract from N. oleander could also inhibit the infectivity of the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) -a related enveloped retrovirus and emerging tropical infectious agent. (longdom.org)
However, the collected virus particles from treated cells exhibited reduced infectivity on primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMCs). (longdom.org)
CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
1997 revised guidelines for performing CD4+ T-cell determinations in persons infected with human immunode- ficiency virus [HIV]. (cdc.gov)
Single-platform technology (SPT) is designed to enable de- system and managing the health care of persons infected with terminations of both absolute and percentage lymphocyte sub- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ( 1-4 ). (cdc.gov)
ATLL develops in approximately 5% of HTLV-1 infected individuals who acquire the virus via vertical transmission [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Dalakas 2006 suggests that a chain of events causes IBM -- some sort of virus, likely a retrovirus , triggers the cloning of T cells . (wikidoc.org)
Hepatitis C virus antigens enzyme immunoassay for one-step diagnosis of hepatitis C virus coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals. (uc.edu)
Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and -2 in individuals from Guinea-Bissau with single or dual infections: predominance of a distinct HIV-1 subtype A/G recombinant in West Africa. (microbiologyresearch.org)
For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)
The virus is harmless to macaques or may cause only a herpetic rash in macaques, but in humans it often produces fatal infections of the brain and meninges. (unboundmedicine.com)
Also that same year, I remember our high school biology class--this was advanced biology, Biology 2--sent away to the American Type Culture Collection for some Rous sarcoma virus. (nih.gov)
Livestock also act as transitory hosts that are intermediate between wildlife and humans, for example in the case of Nipah virus in Malaysia [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The advent of immunoblotting, ≈100 times more sensitive than techniques of the 1970s ( 6 ), enabled the detection of antibodies reactive with recombinant purified BLV p24 capsid protein in serum samples from 39% of 257 self-selected human volunteers ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Serum samples that are repeatedly reactive in the EIA for HIV-1 antibody are then retested with a supplemental and more specific test, the most common of which is the Western blot (1-3). (cdc.gov)
Any HIV antibody from the patient's serum is detected by an antihuman immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody conjugated with an enzyme that in the presence of substrate will produce a colored band. (cdc.gov)
When these reagents were used, serum specimens with only gp41 antibodies produced bands at the 41-, 120-, and 160-kd positions. (cdc.gov)
iv) reverse transcriptase: (v) infectivity for various somatic cells and (vi) reactivity with serum from J.H. and selected patients in order to help determine its possible role in humans disease. (ncf-net.org)
Serum specimens obtained were tested for the presence of HBV, HCV, HDV and HTLV-1&2 infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Positive for HBs antigen or HBV-DNA observed in serum 5. (mycancergenome.org)
Positive for HCV antibody and HCV-RNA observed in serum 6. (mycancergenome.org)

More than 20 million people are infected by HTLV 1&2 worldwide, and West Africa is considered a highly endemic area [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

ERVs and related sequences are estimated at ~400,000 copies or 4.6% of the human genome, including genomic proviruses like 5' long terminal repeat (LTR)-gag-pol-env-3' LTR ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

He demonstrated that it is bound to IL-15 R alpha on the surface of antigen presenting cells and presented in trans to T-cells in an immune synapse. (wikipedia.org)
We knew profound lymphocytopenia as a genetic congenital error-severe combined immunodeficiency disease, SCID, of infancy-an error in which patients could not make an antibody or cellular immune response. (nih.gov)
In people with sIBM, the muscle cells display "flags" telling the immune system that they are infected or damaged (the muscles ubiquitously express MHC class I antigens) and this immune process leads to the death of muscle cells. (wikidoc.org)
In contrast, classical immune (type I/ II) cytokine receptors do not have intrinsic protein kinase activity but associate with the Janus family of kinases (JAKs). (openrheumatologyjournal.com)

These results strongly indicate that HTLV not only immortalizes, but also transforms rat T cells in vitro. (rupress.org)
In contrast to normal T -cells, neoplastic mature T -cells respond directly to TCGF, requiring no prior lectin or antigen in vitro activation. (science-connections.com)
These results demonstrated that both oleandrin and the crude phytoextract inhibited the formation of virological synapses and the transmission of HTLV-1 in vitro . (longdom.org)

In Sub-Saharan Africa, very few data exist on hepatitis B, C, and D as well as on HTLV 1&2 epidemiology among MSM. (biomedcentral.com)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

Enzootic bovine leukosis should be distinguished from sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL), which occurs mainly in young animals aged between four months and two years and presents as juvenile multicentric, thymic or skin forms of the disease. (anipedia.org)
Using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatics, we discovered a new retrovirus, bovine retrovirus CH15 (BoRV CH15), in the CNS of a cow with non-suppurative encephalitis. (biomedcentral.com)

Indeed, a N. oleander -derived drug, PBI-05204, which contains oleandrin as a bioactive agent, has completed both Phase I and initial Phase II clinical trials to test its efficacy and safety in patients with advanced solid cancers [ 21 ]. (longdom.org)
Antibody-based testing for emtricitabine (FTC), a critical component of pre-exposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy would provide low-cost detection for clinical monitoring to improve adherence. (cdc.gov)

HTLV-1 seroprevalence increases with age, especially in women. (bvsalud.org)
This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and correlates of HBV, HCV, HDV, and HTLV 1&2 antibodies among MSM in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. (biomedcentral.com)

Dr. Waldmann demonstrated that the HTLV-1 encoded protein Tax constitutively activates two autocrine (IL-2R/IL-2, IL-15R/IL-15) and one paracrine (IL-9) system. (wikipedia.org)
The major core protein of LAV is antigenically unrelated to other known retroviral antigens. (pasteur.fr)

LacZ recombinant FWPV (rFWPV) was found subsequently to infect human DCs that had been cultured ex vivo from peripheral blood monocytes. (lookformedical.com)

Description: A polyclonal antibody against VPREB3. (hoxyl.pl)

It is estimated that around 10-20 million people are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide. (bvsalud.org)

Co-receptor Binding Site Antibodies Enable CD4-Mimetics to Expose Conserved Anti-cluster A ADCC Epitopes on HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins. (harvard.edu)
At the surface of the outer envelope membrane, BLV possesses spikes with an approximate size of 8 nm, which consist of the two glycoproteins gp30 and gp51. (anipedia.org)
Binding of HIV-2 envelope glycoprotein to CD8 molecules and related chemokine production. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Due to the close contact between farm animals and humans, pathogens are easily transmitted between these hosts. (biomedcentral.com)

Waldmann's research has focused on lymphokines, their receptors, and use of lymphokines and monoclonal antibodies to their receptors in the treatment of cancer and of autoimmune diseases. (wikipedia.org)
In sporadic inclusion body myositis [MY-oh-sigh-tis] muscle, two processes, one autoimmune and the other degenerative, appear to occur in the muscle cells in parallel. (wikidoc.org)
Dalakas 2006, says "we can say that two processes, one autoimmune and the other degenerative, occur in the muscle cells in parallel. (wikidoc.org)
the most comprehensive neurological degeneration and autoimmune screening tool available, with 48 antibodies to various structural and functional elements in the brain and nervous system. (flimc.com)

In human breast tissue specimens, we identified BLV DNA by using nested liquid-phase PCR and DNA sequencing. (cdc.gov)

Cocultivation of spleen cells, lymph node cells, and thymocytes of female Wistar-King-Aptekman rats with short-term cultured male adult T cell leukemia (ATL) cells in the presence of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) resulted in the establishment of rat lymphoid cell lines, TARS-1, TARL-2, and TART-1. (rupress.org)
It would seem reasonable then to survey human T -cell malignancies for the presence of retroviruses. (science-connections.com)
The elaboration of immunoglobulins and presence of receptors for EBV are most characteristic of human B-cells. (science-connections.com)
Presence of anti-HTLV 1&2 antibodies was associated with history of genital or anal lesions and injection drug use. (biomedcentral.com)

Thomas A. Waldmann (21 September 1930 - 25 September 2021) was an American immunologist who has worked on therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to the IL-2 receptor, Interleukin 15 (IL-15), and Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL). (wikipedia.org)
Waldmann demonstrated that daclizumab provides effective therapy for some patients with a previously invariably fatal leukemia, HTLV-I associated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). (wikipedia.org)

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is the most widely used serologic test for detecting antibody to HIV-1. (cdc.gov)

He introduced different forms of IL-2R-directed therapy, including unmodified murine antibodies to IL-2R alpha (anti-Tac, the first antibody to a cytokine receptor to receive FDA approval), humanized anti-Tac (daclizumab, Zenapax) and the antibody armed with toxins or alpha and beta-emitting radionuclides. (wikipedia.org)
tips for humanization -- Biology of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Xenotransplantation in Mice -- Impact of the mouse IL-2Rg chain on lymphoid tissue development and human reconstitution in immunodeficient mice -- BM hematopoietic niche occupancy defect of HSC in scid mice -- Improvement of human multilineage hematopoietic engraftment by cytokine knockin replacement in human-hemato-lymphoid system mice -- Part II. (edu.au)

We even got a fixed specimen of a human liver from a local area pathologist. (nih.gov)

Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. (lab-ally.com)

Although there are many immunologic and cytochemical differences between mature hu man T- and B-Iymphocytes, human T -cells are primarily distinguished by their participation in cell mediated immunity and possession of receptors for sheep red blood cells. (science-connections.com)

These findings prompted us to investigate whether oleandrin could similarly inhibit another related retrovirus, the HTLV-1. (longdom.org)

TARS-1 and TART-1, but not TARL-2 were transplantable into newborn syngeneic rats and nude mice. (rupress.org)
In this combined immunodeficiency (SCID) cancer is low in these species (as it chapter, some aspects of this issue mice, in which the human target is in humans), which renders cancer are discussed. (who.int)

Journal of Human Virology & Retrovirology (JHVRV) is a multi-disciplinary internationally reviewed and accepted open access Journal which covers the recent breakthrough discoveries in the field of human virology and retrovirology. (medcraveonline.com)

Collectively, these observations indicate a definite function for p13II in HTLV-1 infections and a potential function in HTLV-1-mediated lymphocyte change. (arcticcirclescotland.com)

A individual 729 B-cell range that expresses a molecular clone of HTLV-1 mutated to selectively ablate p13II appearance (729.ACH.p13) was produced and compared for infectivity with 729 B cells expressing the wild-type molecular clone (729.ACH). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
Despite the roughly 60 type I/II cytokines discovered, there are only four members in the JAK kinase family. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)

In previous studies from this laboratory "activated" (by lectins) lymphoblasts from either peripheral blood or bone marrow from normal human donors were grown continuously with TCGF. (science-connections.com)

It is transmitted to humans by the mosquito or tick bite and is implicated in some cases of encephalitis. (unboundmedicine.com)
Many cases of neurological disease and encephalitis in livestock remain etiologically unresolved, posing a constant threat to animal and human health. (biomedcentral.com)

In the high endemic areas, 0.5 to 50% of the people have antibodies against HTLV-1 antigens. (bvsalud.org)

In this scholarly study, we motivated the functional need for HTLV-1 p13II in the establishment of infections within a rabbit model. (arcticcirclescotland.com)

He studied the IL-2/IL-2 receptor system in the growth of normal and neoplastic cells. (wikipedia.org)
He studied the role played by the receptor for interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the growth, differentiation and regulation of normal and neoplastic T-cells. (wikipedia.org)
These results suggest that HTLV infected some mature T -cells of some people and that it might be involved in some neoplasias involving these cells. (science-connections.com)
1975) have required the establishment of continuously growing cell lines from the disease of origin or cocultivation of these cells with previously established cell lines, the ability to grow malignant T -cells in long-term culture could facilitate the isolation of retroviruses from these diseased states. (science-connections.com)
and human T -cell antigens recognized by certain monoclonal antibodies on both immature and mature T -cells. (science-connections.com)
T-cell numbers were derived from three measurements deter- attributable to the decrease in the number of T cells that bear mined with two different instruments, a hematology analyzer the CD4 receptor ( 5-9 ). (cdc.gov)
The steps in chemical metabolism within all the cells in the human body are mediated by specific enzymes that act as highly specialized chemical catalysts. (joessciencescorner.net)
The inflammation aspect is characterized by the cloning of T cells that appear to be driven by specific antigens to invade muscle fibers. (wikidoc.org)
These T cells appear to be driven by specific antigens to invade muscle fibers. (wikidoc.org)

Anatomy24

Organisms34

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs106

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Lymphocytes11

Group-specifi2

Viral17

Viruses15

Oncogenic3

Infection9

Monoclonal antibody4

Myelopathy-tropical spastic par1

Produced antibodies specific1

Leukocyte antigen1

Tumor8

AIDS6

Immunodeficiency virus type4

Lymphotropic7

Gene4

Lymphoma3

Known retroviruses2

Proteins5

Lymphotrophic virus1

Virus28

Serum8

West Africa1

Genome1

Immune4

Vitro3

Hepatitis2

Bovine2

Clinical2

Seroprevalence2

Protein2

Recombinant1

Polyclonal1

Million people are infected1

Envelope3

Pathogens1

Autoimmune4

Specimens1

Presence4

Adult2

Enzyme1

Cytokine2

Specimen1

Cytotoxicity1

Receptors1

Inhibit1

Mice2

Journal of Human Virology1

Lymphocyte1

Type2

Peripheral blood1

Encephalitis2

Endemic areas1

Functional1

Cells9