AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Carbohydrate MetabolismLectinsLysosomesGlycoproteinsCarbohydratesAntibodiesAntibodies, MonoclonalMembrane GlycoproteinsLysosome-Associated Membrane GlycoproteinsAntibody SpecificityPlatelet Membrane GlycoproteinsCell MembraneMolecular Sequence DataEpitopesDietary CarbohydratesCarbohydrate SequenceAmino Acid SequenceAntibodies, ViralFluorescent Antibody TechniqueBinding Sites, AntibodyCell LineMolecular WeightIntracellular MembranesElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelOligosaccharidesFucoseMembranesAntibody AffinityMembrane ProteinsGlycosylationProtein BindingAntigen-Antibody ComplexAntibodies, BacterialGlucosamineMembrane LipidsCarbohydrate ConformationAntigen-Antibody ReactionsMicroscopy, ElectronPolysaccharidesMannoseImmunoglobulin Fab FragmentsCross ReactionsGlycopeptidesAntigens, SurfaceViral Envelope ProteinsGolgi ApparatusErythrocyte MembraneKineticsSialic AcidsBase SequenceRabbitsAntibodies, NeutralizingBlood PlateletsMembrane PotentialsAntibody FormationBinding SitesGalactose OxidaseNeuraminidaseMembranes, ArtificialMannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-AcetylglucosaminidaseImmunoglobulin GAntibodies, Anti-IdiotypicGalactoseChromatography, AffinityCells, CulturedAutoantibodiesRecombinant ProteinsEpitope MappingHybridomasAmino SugarsCricetinaeBinding, CompetitiveGlycoside HydrolasesNeutralization TestsViral ProteinsBlotting, WesternEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayImmunoelectrophoresis, Two-DimensionalWheat Germ AgglutininsAcetylgalactosamineMice, Inbred BALB CReceptors, Concanavalin APeptide FragmentsImmunosorbent TechniquesN-Acetylneuraminic AcidCell FractionationEndoplasmic ReticulumProtein ConformationMembrane FluidityProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalMutationBlood Platelet DisordersModels, MolecularPeriodic AcidCattleLiverHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationAntigens, CDCell Membrane PermeabilityBasement Membrane
ProteinsReceptorsMammalianMonoclonal antibodiesDegradationEnzymesPeptidesCompoundsReceptorNucleusHeparan sulfateProtein and carbohydrateBacteriaLigandEndoplasmicEpitopeLipidAdhesionCytoskeletonPolysaccharidesInteractionsCellularPathwayCellsMonosaccharidesCellChainsStructuresAmino AcidsOligosaccharideSubstrateEfficientlySequencesLigandsComplexResponsesRecognitionStructuralGenerateFoundSurfaceLIVERFusion
Proteins13
  • Proteins can target the transferrin receptor membrane glycoprotein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates . (lookformedical.com)
  • Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates , however they are not considered lectins . (lookformedical.com)
  • PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). (lookformedical.com)
  • These functionally inappropriate proteins are somehow detected in the ER lumen and then transferred to the retrotranslocational channel embedded within the ER membrane, termed the retrotranslocon, followed by ubiquitin-dependent degradation by the proteasome in the cytoplasm. (elifesciences.org)
  • Any of a class of proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached to their polypeptide chain. (mrenzyme.com)
  • Biosynthesis and intracellular trafficking of secretory and lysosomal/vacuolar proteins, glycosylation and other post-translational protein modifications as determinants of protein structure and function, catalytic properties and physiological functions of proteases and glycosylation enzymes, proteolysis and its pathological and biotechnological relevance, recombinant expression of biotherapeutics in plants, plant membrane protein biochemistry. (boku.ac.at)
  • The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Antibody therapies for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) hold promise but have been limited by the inability of these proteins to migrate efficiently across the blood brain barrier (BBB). (bvsalud.org)
  • The pathogenic DMPK transcript containing the CUG expansion is retained in ribonuclear foci as part of a complex with RNA-binding proteins such as muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1), resulting in aberrant splicing of numerous RNA transcripts and consequent physiological abnormalities including myotonia. (bvsalud.org)
  • These compounds generally penetrate cell membranes, act on specific target proteins in cells, regulate intracellular signaling pathways, and cause some changes in cell phenotype. (chemscene.com)
  • The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum can be summarized as the synthesis and export of proteins and membrane lipids, but varies between ER and cell type and cell function. (ipfs.io)
  • Transformation can include embedding of new proteins in membrane as well as structural changes. (ipfs.io)
Receptors11
  • Ligands are molecules responsible for binding to receptors in the cellular targeting process. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results establish that CREG is a lysosomal protein that undergoes proteolytic maturation in the course of its biosynthesis, carries the M6P recognition marker and depends on the interaction with M6P receptors for efficient delivery to lysosomes. (boku.ac.at)
  • In innate immunity, immune cells are activated by their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind to pattern molecules of invading pathogens. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the beta 2 integrin receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION) comprising the CD11/CD18 family of glycoproteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • In LDL receptors, the class A domains form the binding site for LDL and calcium. (embl.de)
  • Recall that an adhesin is a protein or glycoprotein found on the surface of a pathogen that attaches to receptors on the host cell. (pressbooks.pub)
  • It binds to tachykinin receptors [neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), NK2R, NK3R] that belong, like most neuropeptide receptors, to the family of seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors. (niepokorny.org)
  • 2003). Toxins such as saporin bind to NK receptors (NKRs) and kill, e.g., dorsal horn neurons after they have been internalized following activation (Wiley et al. (niepokorny.org)
  • NKR couples to phospholipase C generating intracellular messengers Abarelix Acetate whose downstream effects include depolarizing the membrane and facilitating the function of -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and NMDA receptors (see below). (niepokorny.org)
  • Exposed collagen fibres bind vWF released from the damaged endothelium, which in turn binds to vWF receptors on platelets to promote adhesion. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • When a platelet binds to collagen, the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa pathway is activated - a complex system controlled by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). (teachmephysiology.com)
Mammalian3
  • Productive folding of the protein moiety is facilitated during this period by the calnexin/calreticulin cycle in mammalian cells, which relies on G1M9-specific lectin-type chaperones (calnexin and calreticulin) associated with the oxidoreductase ERp57, and UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferases 1 and 2, which are capable of re-adding glucose to M9 if the protein moiety is not yet folded. (elifesciences.org)
  • CREG is a glycoprotein expressed in most mammalian tissues and cell types. (boku.ac.at)
  • We have investigated its subcellular localization in mammalian cells, Drosophila melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana and found that intracellular CREG resides in all these organisms within lysosomes or its functional equivalents. (boku.ac.at)
Monoclonal antibodies2
Degradation4
  • During growth, genes associated with protein ubiquitination/deubiquitination, cell cycle progression, and proteasomal degradation were affected, while genes linked to protein and carbohydrate catabolism were affected during early development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sequential mannose trimming of N -glycan, from M9 to M8B and then to oligosaccharides exposing the α1,6-linked mannosyl residue (M7A, M6, and M5), facilitates endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of misfolded glycoproteins (gpERAD). (elifesciences.org)
  • During bulk autophagy, autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes or vacuoles resulting in the degradation of the cargo. (hypothes.is)
  • Von Willebrand's factor (or vWF) stabilises factor VIII by binding to it, thus preventing degradation. (teachmephysiology.com)
Enzymes4
  • Here, we detected altered intracellular activities of various carbohydrate enzymes and cathepsins during cln5 - growth and starvation. (frontiersin.org)
  • A lysosome is a cell organelle that contains different digestive enzymes. (mrenzyme.com)
  • Enzymes bind substrate in their active site and then chemically modify the bound substrate and converting it to a different molecule. (mrenzyme.com)
  • Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of mannose from a nucleoside diphosphate mannose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. (lookformedical.com)
Peptides2
  • The synthesis and applications of the peptides are gaining increasing popularity as a result of the developments in biotechnology and bioengineering areas and for a number of research purposes including cancer diagnosis and treatment, antibiotic drug development, epitope mapping, production of antibodies, and vaccine design. (intechopen.com)
  • In addition, the following are also involved: antimicrobial peptides, natural antibodies, the complement system, NK cells, and gamma delta T lymphocytes [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Compounds1
Receptor8
  • Ligand choice is based on receptor expression, ligand internalization, binding affinity, and type of ligand. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGF2R) is a multifunctional tumour suppressor which binds a variety of factors that impinge on the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of cancer cells. (boku.ac.at)
  • As a step towards their identification, we have recently established the individual importance of the different ligand-binding sites of the receptor for its anti-invasive properties. (boku.ac.at)
  • Here, we show that single chain Abs fused to an Fc domain retaining FcRn binding, but lacking Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) binding, termed a silent scFv-IgG, can be expressed and released into the CNS following gene transfer with AAV. (bvsalud.org)
  • The N-terminal type A repeats in LDL receptor bind the lipoproteins. (embl.de)
  • The LDL receptor binds LDL and transports it into cells by acidic endocytosis. (embl.de)
  • Examples include the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor, which is targeted by antiplatelets such as tirafiban. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • Once activated, platelets express the GPIIb/IIIa receptor which can then bind with vWF or fibrinogen. (teachmephysiology.com)
Nucleus1
Heparan sulfate1
  • Defective N-sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans limits PDGF-BB binding and pericyte recruitment in vascular development. (mdc-berlin.de)
Protein and carbohydrate1
  • A series of interconnected protein and carbohydrate networks that surround and support cells in 3 dimensions. (hypothes.is)
Bacteria2
  • The ligands include molecular patterns like lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are the constituents of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Fucose is a monosaccharide that is commonly found in the cell walls of bacteria and is involved in the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids. (lookformedical.com)
Ligand5
  • Covalent binding is a prominent way due to the anchoring between the long-chain fatty acids and the ligand. (wikipedia.org)
  • Combinations of covalent binding through disulfide linkages, heating, and hydrophobic interactions can be used depending on the properties of the liposome and ligand. (wikipedia.org)
  • CSPG4 serves as a P-selectin ligand through its CS chain and participates in P-selectin binding to the highly metastatic breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The N-terminal domain of TLRs is associated with ligand binding. (fortunejournals.com)
  • The most widely studied TLR associated with LPS ligand binding, interaction and downstream activation, is TLR-4. (fortunejournals.com)
Endoplasmic6
Epitope1
  • Moreover, an antibody targeting an epitope near the G protein's CX3CR1-binding motif significantly inhibits binding of the virus to airway cells. (bvsalud.org)
Lipid2
  • Liposomes have a lipid outer layer that can be used to bind ligands. (wikipedia.org)
  • Data_Sheet_1.pdf (513K) GUID:?514B8128-1B6A-4BCF-ADFD-8945AF1CB772 Abstract The lysosome has a key role in the presentation of lipid antigens by CD1 molecules. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
Adhesion1
  • In previous studies we found that CS/DS-GAGs are expressed on the cell surface of murine and human breast cancer cell lines with high metastatic capacity and that they play a major role in P-selectin binding and P-selectin-mediated adhesion of cancer cells to platelets and endothelial cells [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytoskeleton1
  • Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex bridges the inner cytoskeleton (F-actin) and the basal lamina. (medscape.com)
Polysaccharides1
  • Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharide units, with important functions in the body including energy storage, structural support, and immune response. (lookformedical.com)
Interactions1
  • Surface-coupled ligands offer a greater degree of freedom to move on the liposome membrane for optimal interactions. (wikipedia.org)
Cellular2
  • The RSV Glycoprotein (G) mediates attachment of the virus to the cell membrane, which facilitates interaction of the RSV Fusion (F) protein with nucleolin, thereby triggering fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Another distinctive feature of a cellular structure regarded as an "organelle" is when it has a biological membrane that compartmentalizes its contents. (biologyonline.com)
Pathway1
  • This study demonstrates the details of mannose trimming in the ER by EDEM1 and EDEM3, filling an important gap in how mannose trimming creates an ERAD signal and shunts glycoproteins to the ERAD pathway. (elifesciences.org)
Cells8
  • It binds to poorly differentiated cells and terminally differentiated cells and is used in cell separation techniques. (lookformedical.com)
  • Blocking the expression of CHST11 with siRNA inhibited CS-A expression and P-selectin binding to MDA-MB-231 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • B cells produce antibodies: tags that stick to pathogens, marking them for destruction. (ishinobu.com)
  • Antibody is a protein made by plasma cells in the blood to respond and counteracting a specific antigen. (mrenzyme.com)
  • Central nervous system (CNS) gene transfer by vectors like adeno-associated virus (AAV) overcome this barrier by allowing the bodies' own cells to produce the therapeutic protein, but previous studies using this method to target amyloid-ß have shown success only with truncated single chain antibodies (Abs) lacking an Fc domain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Complete or partial deletion of RSV G results in viruses binding at least 72-fold less efficiently to cells, and reduces virus replication. (bvsalud.org)
  • There are cells, such as phagocytes, that can invade bodies in a process in which the cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf the large particle, giving rise to an internal compartment called a phagosome, and then activating the acquired immunity system by presenting a portion of the phagocytosed and digested foreign substances from its membrane surface. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • antibodies that are secreted by B cells. (what-when-how.com)
Monosaccharides1
Cell4
  • The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transient transfection of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with the siRNAs for carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase-11 ( CHST11 ) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 ( CSPG4 ) was used to investigate the involvement of these genes in expression of surface P-selectin ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The carrier proteoglycan CSPG4 was highly expressed on the aggressive breast cancer cell lines and contributed to the P-selectin binding and CS-A expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell surface P-selectin binding depends on CHST11 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Chains1
  • The third domain is rich in serine and threonine residues and contains clustered O-linked carbohydrate chains. (embl.de)
Structures1
  • 1) membrane-bound organelles (included are double-membraned and single-membraned cytoplasmic structures). (biologyonline.com)
Amino Acids1
  • [6] The first 5-30 amino acids polymerized encode a signal peptide , a molecular message that is recognized and bound by a signal recognition particle (SRP). (ipfs.io)
Oligosaccharide1
  • Enables oligosaccharide binding activity. (nih.gov)
Substrate1
  • α-Glucosidase (α-D-Glucosidase), a carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme, catalyzes the liberation of α-glucose from the non-reducing end of the substrate. (medchemexpress.com)
Efficiently1
  • Both EDEM3 and EDEM1 trimmed M8B from a glycoprotein efficiently. (elifesciences.org)
Sequences2
  • Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
  • The acidic residues between the fourth and sixth cysteines are important for high-affinity binding of positively charged sequences in LDLR's ligands. (embl.de)
Ligands2
  • If ligands, such as antibodies, do not maintain binding specificity, proper orientation, and coupling efficiency the liposome will not be effective. (wikipedia.org)
  • The target site contains the binding sites that the ligands target to deliver the LTL to the desired area. (wikipedia.org)
Complex4
  • A ribosome only binds to the RER once a specific protein-nucleic acid complex forms in the cytosol. (ipfs.io)
  • Translation pauses and the ribosome complex binds to the RER translocon where translation continues with the nascent (new) protein forming into the RER lumen and/or membrane. (ipfs.io)
  • Here, we report the molecular architecture of the ESX-5 membrane complex from Mycobacterium xenopi determined at 13 resolution by electron microscopy. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • This membrane-associated complex seems to be embedded exclusively in the inner membrane, which indicates that additional components are required to translocate substrates across the mycobacterial outer membrane. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Responses1
  • Malaria-specific antibody responses and parasite persistence after infection of mice with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi. (mdc-berlin.de)
Recognition1
  • However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition. (lookformedical.com)
Structural1
Generate1
  • The β-secretase cuts APP first to generate the N terminus of Aβ, thus producing a membrane bound C-terminal fragment called C99. (jneurosci.org)
Found1
Surface1
  • Platelet activation results in a morphological change on the membrane surface of the platelet, increasing the surface area and preparing it for aggregation. (teachmephysiology.com)
LIVER1
Fusion1
  • When Atg8 protein engineered with the red florescence protein (RFP), RFP-Atg8, RFP-Atg8 protein will be conjugated to the lipids and enable the membrane fusion to localize on the autophagosome. (hypothes.is)