AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Gram-Negative BacteriaGram-Positive BacteriaBacteriaAnti-Bacterial AgentsGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsYersinia enterocoliticaMicrobial Sensitivity TestsYersinia InfectionsAnti-Infective AgentsPlant ExtractsEscherichia coliBacterial ProteinsPseudomonadaceaeLipopolysaccharidesMolecular Sequence DataBacterial InfectionsPseudomonas aeruginosaStaphylococcus aureusFermentationAntimicrobial Cationic PeptidesAmino Acid SequenceBacteria, AnaerobicGram-Negative Aerobic BacteriaDNA, BacterialGram-Negative Anaerobic BacteriaEnterobacteriaceaeRNA, Ribosomal, 16SBacteriological TechniquesBacteremiaMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyDrug Resistance, BacterialAntibiotic ProphylaxisYersinia ruckeriPhylogenyColony Count, MicrobialGenes, BacterialCulture MediaGene Expression Regulation, BacterialPhytochemicalsDrug Resistance, MicrobialWater MicrobiologyGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsFungiSepsisVirulenceSequence Analysis, DNAPlague VaccineBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsKlebsiella InfectionsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialGangreneSiphonapteraBacteria, AerobicEye Infections, BacterialPseudomonas InfectionsCross InfectionGentian VioletStreptomycesPlasmidsWound Infectionbeta-LactamasesPhenazinesDNA, RibosomalLimulus TestKlebsiella pneumoniaePneumonia, BacterialStaphylococcal InfectionsAminoglycosidesTime FactorsRNA, BacterialPeritonitisIntestinesAdhesins, BacterialBacterial AdhesionInfant, NewbornBase SequenceIndiaEndotoxinsFeverAntibiotics, AntineoplasticEscherichia coli InfectionsMolecular StructureVirulence FactorsGenome, BacterialSpecies SpecificityGentamicinsFecesBiofilmsAntigens, BacterialSoil MicrobiologyMutationPneumoniaAbdominal Musclesbeta-LactamsBacterial Physiological PhenomenaBacterial Typing TechniquesMicrobial ViabilityArthritis, InfectiousPolymerase Chain ReactionTemperature
PestisPathogenicPathogensOrganismsVirulence factorsIsolatesEnterocolitica infectionPseudotuberculosisSpeciesAlexander YersinPleomorphicPseudomonasListeriaStrainsPathogenesisStainInfectionAntimicrobialEpidemiologyResistantFungiAerobicPlague20th centuryLipopolysaccharideInfectiousCarbapenemsFleasEnzymesClosely relatedMicrobiologyOxidase negativeAdherenceMoleculesBeneficialEnvironmentsLacticProtectsMembraneIncludeHostsMolecularOrganismSurvivalNutrientsConstituteLifePresenceOverview
Pestis8
  • The gram-negative bacteria include the model organism Escherichia coli, as well as many pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Yersinia pestis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Editorial Note: Plague is caused by infection with Yersinia pestis, a bacterium carried by rodents and transmitted by fleas commonly found in parts of Asia, Africa, and North and South America (1,2). (cdc.gov)
  • Czerkies M, Raczkowska A, Brzostek K. Quo vadis Yersinia pestis? (monz.pl)
  • Salmonella Typhi , Shigella species, Yersinia pestis ) and still others can be occasionally pathogenic - either opportunistically or following acquisition of virulence factors [1]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The disease is caused by the plague bacillus, rod-shaped bacteria referred to as Yersinia pestis . (medscape.com)
  • The virulence of this bacterium results from the 32 Y pestis chromosomal genes and two Y pestis -specific plasmids, constituting the only new genetic material acquired since its evolution from its predecessor. (medscape.com)
  • It can harbor fleas infected with Yersinia pestis, the plague bacillus. (medscape.com)
  • Y pestis is a nonmotile, pleomorphic, gram-negative coccobacillus that is nonsporulating. (medscape.com)
Pathogenic2
  • The antibiotic resistance property is hazardous in itself (whether with or without the contaminants being pathogenic) considering the potential for interspecies transfer of these resistance traits (be they chromosomal or plasmid-borne) to commensal or pathogenic bacteria in clinical settings and/or in the food chain. (researchsquare.com)
  • The epidemiology of food-borne infections is changing, including its several manifestations: emergence of new and more virulent pathogenic bacterial clades, regional or global spread, and dissemination of antibiotic resistance [7, 8]. (researchsquare.com)
Pathogens8
  • While for some bacteria the expression of flagella does not clearly relate to pathogenesis, for a variety of bacterial pathogens, such as Proteus mirabilis , Salmonella enterica , and Yersinia enterocolitica, the participation of flagella in adherence and invasion has been documented ( 18 - 20 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Yersinia is included as a target on 3 commercial, FDA-cleared, multiplex assays for the detection of gastrointestinal pathogens ie, Verigene EP, FilmArray GI, and xTAG GPP. (medscape.com)
  • Leo JC, Skurnik M. Adhesins of human pathogens from the genus Yersinia. (monz.pl)
  • Many factors hamper control of such infectious pathogens, including lack of vaccines, the presence of asymptomatic healthy carriers, existence of broad host range pathogens (with the hosts serving as reservoirs), resistance of pathogens to ordinary disinfectants, the long contamination-prone processes from production to consumption and increased frequency of resistance of pathogens to antibiotics. (researchsquare.com)
  • Humans acquire these bacteria after consumption of contaminated foods, from contact with animals, or directly via human-to-human transmission (especially the human-host-specific pathogens such as S . typhi) [2]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Cell division has been studied extensively in the model rod-shaped bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, but much less is understood about cell division in mycobacteria, a genus that includes the major human pathogens M. tuberculosis and M. leprae. (bvsalud.org)
  • Wildlife and domestic animals may excrete bacteria of zoonotic significance and thereby contaminate water sources and fish with foodborne pathogens. (docksci.com)
  • Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens , most prominently bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
Organisms5
  • Many of these antibiotics also cover gram-positive organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The drugs that specifically target gram-negative organisms include aminoglycosides, monobactams (aztreonam) and ciprofloxacin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Iron, one of the most abundant elements on Earth [ 1 ], is crucial for the survival of all living organisms, including bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng ) are an emerging public health threat due to increasing numbers of multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms. (elifesciences.org)
  • If you lack interest in organisms, such as yeast and bacteria, which have "stuck with" the anaerobic tradition, the products of these chemical reactions may still intrigue you. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Virulence factors2
  • Besides the ability to adhere to plastic, to survive and multiply within total parenteral nutrition and other types of intravenous infusions, and to produce extracellular enzymes ( 4 , 8 ), little information is available regarding virulence factors associated with the pathogenesis of these bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • Once in the insect blood cavity, the nematodes and bacteria produce virulence factors and kill the insect host. (biomedcentral.com)
Isolates3
  • Moreover, all of the isolates exhibited intermediate-level or higher resistance to two or more clinically relevant antibiotics. (researchsquare.com)
  • Both isolates are Gram-negative psychrotolerant (psychrotrophic) species growing well at 0 and 25 °C, but having very different optimum growth temperatures, of 97 °C for strain CR3/F/w/1/15 and 20·9 °C for strain CR3/F/w/2/10. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • isolates, while the role of cell-free supernatants, from diverse bacteria, in inducing enhanced adherence was investigated using microtitre plate assays. (biomedcentral.com)
Enterocolitica infection1
  • Non-specific enteritis affects the total thickness of the gastrointestinal tract wall, whereas in Yersinia enterocolitica infection the lesions are located exclusively in the mucous membrane. (monz.pl)
Pseudotuberculosis2
  • Abdela W, Graham M, Tsegaye H, Temesgen S, Yehualaeshet T. Effects of orange juice pH on survival, urease activity and DNA profiles of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis stored at 4 degree C. J Food Saf. (monz.pl)
  • Three studies have shown that this bacterium emerged from the gut pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis shortly after the first epidemic. (medscape.com)
Species4
  • The presence of this CSI in all sequenced species of conventional lipopolysaccharide-containing gram-negative bacterial phyla provides evidence that these phyla of bacteria form a monophyletic clade and that no loss of the outer membrane from any species from this group has occurred. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yersinia enterocolitica (see the image below) is a bacterial species in the family Enterobacterales that causes enterocolitis, acute diarrhea, terminal ileitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis , and pseudoappendicitis but, if it spreads systemically, can also result in fatal sepsis. (medscape.com)
  • Specifically, the presence of urease-producing bacteria, including Ureaplasma urealyticum and Proteus species (most common), Staphylococcus species, Klebsiella species, Providencia species, and Pseudomonas species, leads to the hydrolysis of urea into ammonium and hydroxyl ions. (medscape.com)
  • Yersinia enterocolitica is a common bacterial species which has been relatively recently recognized. (monz.pl)
Alexander Yersin2
  • The name for the genus Yersinia was derived from the French bacteriologist Alexander Yersin. (monz.pl)
  • Yersinia is named in honor of Alexander Yersin, who successfully isolated the bacteria in 1894 during the pandemic that began in China in the 1860s. (medscape.com)
Pleomorphic1
  • Yersinia enterocolitica is a pleomorphic, gram-negative cocobacillus that belongs to the family Enterobacteriales. (medscape.com)
Pseudomonas1
  • These bacteriophages appear to be most similar to bacteriophages that infect Pseudomonas and Ralstonia rather than Enterobacteriales bacteria by protein similarity, however, we were only able to detect infection of Erwinia and the closely related strains of Pantoea . (frontiersin.org)
Listeria2
Strains3
  • The first strains of this bacterium were isolated in the 60s of the 20th century (in comparison, Salmonella spp was detected as long ago as the 80s of the 19th century) although its pathogenicity was discovered 20 years later. (monz.pl)
  • Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Hallanvuo S, Korte T, Siitonen A, Korkeala H. Correspondence of genotypes of sporadic Yersinia enterocolitica bioserotype 4/O:3 strains from human and porcine sources. (monz.pl)
  • Based on reported resistance of Ng strains, the CDC currently prescribes a two antibiotic protocol using ceftriaxone (a β-lactam) and azithromycin (a macrolide). (elifesciences.org)
Pathogenesis2
  • Fabrega A, Vila J. Yersinia enterocolitica: Pathogenesis, virulence and antimicrobial resistance. (monz.pl)
  • The bacteria elaborate a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, coagulase, and a fibrinolysin, which are the principal factors in the pathogenesis of plague. (medscape.com)
Stain3
  • Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some bacteria such as Deinococcus, which stain gram-positive due to the presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer, but also possess an outer cell membrane are suggested as intermediates in the transition between monoderm (gram-positive) and diderm (gram-negative) bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gram stain of Yersinia enterocolitica. (medscape.com)
Infection5
  • Management of infection and successful clinical outcome by means of antimicrobial therapy are complicated by the intrinsic resistance of the bacteria to multiple antimicrobial agents, including carbapenems, and to the natural protection that biofilms confer to the enclosed bacteria ( 8 , 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • and septicemic plague may result in fulminant gram-negative shock without localized signs of infection (2,6). (cdc.gov)
  • If Yersinia infection is suspected, the clinical laboratory should be notified and instructed to culture on cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar or other agar specific for growing it. (medscape.com)
  • Antibiotics used to treat serratia infection include β-lactam agents, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones and a variety of different resistance mechanisms have been demonstrated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The infection is treated by application of antibiotic therapy adjusted to the clinical course of infection. (monz.pl)
Antimicrobial2
  • They are a significant medical challenge as their outer membrane protects them from many antibiotics (including penicillin), detergents that would normally damage the inner cell membrane, and lysozyme, an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adhesion of these bacteria to abiotic surfaces such as those of medical implants and catheters suggests the development of a biofilm that protects bacteria from natural immune defenses or from the action of antimicrobial compounds. (cdc.gov)
Epidemiology1
Resistant2
Fungi2
Aerobic1
Plague2
  • All suspected plague patients should be hospitalized and isolated, specimens should be obtained from patients for laboratory diagnosis, chest roentgenogram should be performed, and antibiotic therapy should be promptly initiated. (cdc.gov)
  • In fact, as reported by Drancourt et al (2004), genotyping performed on bacteria derived from the remains of plague victims of the first two epidemics revealed sequences similar to that of Orientalis. (medscape.com)
20th century1
  • Not until the early 20th century did Brown propose that urea-splitting bacteria were responsible for urinary ammonia, alkalinity, and stone formation. (medscape.com)
Lipopolysaccharide1
  • Additionally, the outer leaflet of this membrane comprises a complex lipopolysaccharide (LPS) whose lipid A component can cause a toxic reaction when bacteria are lysed by immune cells. (wikipedia.org)
Infectious1
  • In case of Yersinia- associated post infectious reactive arthropathy, joint aspirate would be non-purulent. (medscape.com)
Carbapenems1
  • Several classes of antibiotics have been designed to target gram-negative bacteria, including aminopenicillins, ureidopenicillins, cephalosporins, beta-lactam-betalactamase inhibitor combinations (e.g. piperacillin-tazobactam), Folate antagonists, quinolones, and carbapenems. (wikipedia.org)
Fleas1
Enzymes1
  • Besides assembling serratiochelin A and B with diaminopropane, S. plymuthica utilizes putrescine and the same set of enzymes to assemble photobactin, a siderophore found in the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens . (biomedcentral.com)
Closely related1
Microbiology1
  • Gaughran E. R. L. Division of microbiology from superstition to science: the history of a bacterium. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Oxidase negative2
  • This organism is non-lactose fermenting and oxidase negative. (medscape.com)
  • The e nterobacteriaceae are gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-and nitrate-positive, oxidase-negative and generally capable of growth on medum containing simple nutritional substrates as they can ferment a wide range of carbohydrates. (researchsquare.com)
Adherence1
  • The adhesive surface factors involved in adherence of these bacteria are largely unknown, and their flagella have not yet been characterized biochemically and antigenically. (cdc.gov)
Molecules1
  • Bacteria have not only devised ways of biosynthesizing "proprietary" siderophore molecules, but have evolved transport mechanisms that allow them to utilize foreign siderophores, or xenosiderophores, as well [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Beneficial2
  • Xenorhabdus bacteria engage in a beneficial symbiosis with Steinernema nematodes, in part by providing activities that help kill and degrade insect hosts for nutrition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Xenorhabdus bacteria are beneficial symbionts of entomopathogenic (insect-parasitic) Steinernema nematodes. (biomedcentral.com)
Environments3
  • Gram-negative bacteria are found in virtually all environments on Earth that support life. (wikipedia.org)
  • This bacterium is a naturally occurring, free-living inhabitant of estuarine and marine environments throughout the world and may associate with zooplankton and other aquatic biological flora. (ac.ir)
  • The integrated life cycle of Xenorhabdus bacteria and Steinernema nematodes comprises alternating environments of the soil and insect hosts infected by the pair (Fig. 1 ) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lactic2
Protects1
  • After ingestion of infected blood, the bacteria survive in the midgut of the flea owing to a plasmid-encoded phospholipase D that protects them from digestive juices. (medscape.com)
Membrane2
Include3
  • Other common bacteria that have not been shown to produce urea include Citrobacter freundii, enterococci, and streptococci. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnostic methods for detecting the bacterium include a bacterial culture on a CIN agar, serological tests, or endoscopy, with the taking of specimens for histopathological tests. (monz.pl)
  • Specific medications used to treat infections include antibiotics , antivirals , antifungals , antiprotozoals , [3] and antihelminthics . (wikipedia.org)
Hosts1
  • The infective juvenile (IJ) is the soil dwelling, environmental stage of the nematode that carries bacteria and infects insect hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular2
  • Since 1987, the monophyly of the gram-negative bacteria has been disproven with molecular studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • The proportion of matrix, typically low molecular weight mucoproteins, is greater than in other types of calcium-based stones and is thought to protect the bacteria from antimicrobials. (medscape.com)
Organism1
  • There have been many reports concerning the identification, antibiotic susceptibility, pathogenicity, epidemiological investigations and typing of this organism. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Survival1
  • Bacteria and most life forms have evolved a diversity of ways that converge to the same goal: obtaining soluble iron (Fe 2+ ) for survival. (biomedcentral.com)
Nutrients1
  • Once within the insect, the nematodes and bacteria kill the insect and reproduce using the nutrients derived from the cadaver. (biomedcentral.com)
Constitute1
  • Results: All milk samples harboured gram-negative bacilli, which are likely to constitute hazard to public health. (researchsquare.com)
Life1
Presence2
Overview1
  • Yersinia enterocolitica: overview and epidemiologic correlates. (monz.pl)