Animals toxicity biological assay. Medical search. Frequent questions

Although the toxicity values determined for I. obsoleta exceeded irgarol concentrations measured in surface waters, results from this toxicity assessment will provide valuable information to environmental resource managers faced with decisions regarding the use and regulation of antifoulant paints in the coastal zone. (unboundmedicine.com)
A trial on the quantitative risk assessment of man-made mineral fibers by the rat intraperitoneal administration assay using the JFM standard fibrous samples. (cdc.gov)
NAMs for chemical hazard assessment are often evaluated in comparison to animal studies. (nih.gov)
We conduct cytotoxicity estimation using a panel of cell proliferation and viability tests, which can be sorted into four types by different endpoints: Functional assays: assessment of ATP, ADP, ATP/ADP ratios. (holocausto.online)
DNA Adductomics-A Confirmatory Tool inside the Assessment of DNA Harm Genetic toxicity assessment holds a high priority in security danger management when creating new chemical compounds, and it does so by evaluating carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of a particular chemical, thereby assisting in hazard identification and risk characterization of chemical agents [97,98]. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)
The major indications of TDM are suspicion of drug toxicity, lack of therapeutic response, assessment of compliance, therapy assessment following a change in dosage regimen or clinical state of the patient, potential drug interactions and when manifestation of toxicity and disease state are similar. (vin.com)
Alterations of blood components are important biomonitoring tools in toxicological research because of the potentiality for rapid assessment of the chronic toxicities of a compound [ 41 ]. (eaht.org)
Currently the assessment of individual exposure to mycotoxins in man and animals is usually based on the analysis of toxin and/or metabolite contamination in the blood or urine. (frontiersin.org)

For this reason, the skin is often exposed to potentially hazardous agents, including chemicals, which may contribute to the onset of a spectrum of adverse health effects ranging from localized damage (e.g., irritant contact dermatitis and corrosion) to induction of immune-mediated responses (e.g., allergic contact dermatitis and pulmonary responses), or systemic toxicity (e.g., neurotoxicity and hepatoxicity). (cdc.gov)
These findings suggest quantitative considerations for building scientific confidence in NAM-based systemic toxicity predictions. (nih.gov)
The clinical application of gambogic acid, a natural component with promising antitumor activity, is limited due to its extremely poor aqueous solubility, short half-life in blood, and severe systemic toxicity. (dovepress.com)

Kroll A(1), Pillukat MH, Hahn D, Schnekenburger J. The in vitro assays covered baseline toxicity in bacteria, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity in mammalian cells and yeast, estrogenicity, and anti-androgenicity. (holocausto.online)
H … In vitro assays covered baseline toxicity, oxidative stress responses, and estrogenic and antiandrogenic activity. (holocausto.online)
The three key elements of the toxicity screening strategy are: Physicochemical Characteristics, In Vitro Assays (cellular and non-cellular), and In Vivo Assays. (altmetric.com)

Indicators of general toxicity (body weight, organ weight, clinical pathology and histopathology), neurotoxicity (glial fibrillary acidic protein assay), genotoxicity (Ames assay, micronucleus, sister chromatid exchange), and reproduction and development were measured. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations were tested up to 8333 μg enzyme concentrate dry matter/mL), a recommended regulatory maximum concentration for the in vitro micronucleus assay. (europa.eu)

Emulsion combustion emissions were not associated with neurotoxicity, reproductive/developmental toxicity, or in vivo genotoxicity. (cdc.gov)
In vivo tumor homing and cytotoxic effectiveness of both liposomal formulations were finally tested in an orthotopic animal model of NB. (bvsalud.org)
Prediction of Chemical Carcinogenicity in Rodents from in Vitro Genetic Toxicity Assays R AYMOND W. TENNANT, BARRY H. MARGOLIN, MICHAEL D. SHELBY, E RROL Z … As an in vivo toxicity endpoint, the acute lung inflammogenicity in a rat instillation model was compared with the in vitro toxicity endpoints comprising cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, or haemolytic potential. (holocausto.online)
Considering the ethical issues and the cost of in-vivo animal tests, the pharmaceutical industry now relies more on in-vitro methods for toxicity testing in the drug development phase. (holocausto.online)
In vitro techniques allow specific biological and mechanistic pathways to be isolated and tested under controlled conditions, in ways that are not feasible in in vivo tests. (altmetric.com)
Tier 1 in vivo assays are proposed for pulmonary, oral, skin and injection exposures, and Tier 2 evaluations for pulmonary exposures are also proposed. (altmetric.com)
Biodistribution assays are performed to determine the in vivo distribution or localization of a drug product in selected species to support early biotherapeutic drug development. (absorption.com)
Analysis of the persistence of the vector/virus (gene therapy product) to target and nontarget tissues following direct in vivo administration in animals can be useful for the identiﬁcation of potential target organs of toxicity. (absorption.com)
The data types that define the pharmacological data are: absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, toxicity (ADMET) data, functional in-vitro assay and in-vivo assay properties. (excelra.com)

PAPG is commonly used as a substrate for beta-galactosidase activity assays in bacterial and mammalian cell cultures. (chemsynlab.com)

In all probability it was the first study that applied adductomics in field-collected animals to decipher contaminant driven malformation within the embryo, inducing reproductive toxicity [96]. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)
The results showed that the dosage levels of vamidothion sulfoxide used had no untoward effect on treated animals, in particular on fertility or reproductive activity of rats. (inchem.org)

In general, biological findings in exposed rats and bacteria were consistent with exposure to petroleum diesel exhaust in the F344 rat and Ames assays. (cdc.gov)

In vitro toxicity assays are used to determine the potential of a new pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food additive, or other chemical product to be hazardous to humans.In vitro studies, which are performed on cultured bacterial or mammalian cells, can be used as an initial screen to avoid the unnecessary use of animals in determining which candidates should move forward for further safety testing. (holocausto.online)
For most C. elegans survival assays, both solid and liquid media systems with bacterial foods are employed. (molcells.org)

A completely validated bioanalytical assay is crucial as the drug compound is tested in human subjects. (uscalifornia.com)
Mammalian genotoxicity assay reveals if the compound causes abnormalities in chromosome distribution (aneugenity) or chromosome breaks (clastogenity) during cell division. (holocausto.online)
4-Aminophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside is a chemical compound that is used in biological research to study inflammatory diseases. (chemsynlab.com)
It is commonly used as a substrate for beta-galactosidase activity assays and as a model compound for studying carbohydrate-protein interactions. (chemsynlab.com)
The data types that define chemistry data are: chemical structural representations, chemical line notations or identifiers (SMILES & InChI), molecular property descriptors, topological descriptors, topographical descriptors, structure-activity-relationship (SAR) and compound specific biological data. (excelra.com)

These requirements may need simple assay development, primarily focusing on screening and assessing lead compounds. (uscalifornia.com)
The inclusion of other assays and compounds will most likely expand the types of activities that can be reliably detected. (holocausto.online)
Traditionally, the in vitro toxicity assays that have been used to identify molecules that carry drug-related DILI risk factors include two-dimensional (2D) cell systems and other standard preclinical model… The principal application of this assay is to rapidly screen test compounds to identify those that induce acute liver cell toxicity. (holocausto.online)
These tests screen libraries of compounds to find any that affect the activity of biological targets, such as enzymes, that may be involved in a disease. (acs.org)
A traditional assay would look for compounds that bind to an activated kinase. (acs.org)
These datasets assist in the prediction of molecular properties required for drug compounds and help provide insights in understanding how those molecules interact with biological macromolecules (3). (excelra.com)
Pharmacological data in drug discovery provides information about the compounds or drugs tested in animal models in combination with assay data on protein targets in cell- or tissue- based models that allows the investigation of the effects of compounds at different levels of biological complexity (4). (excelra.com)

During the drug development phase, the entire focus shifts to assessing the efficacy, toxicity, and safety profile of a new drug molecule. (uscalifornia.com)

However, before employing a bioanalytical assay for routine purposes, assay qualification and validation become vital to demonstrate its suitability for clinical applications. (uscalifornia.com)
As a drug candidate reaches the clinical stages of drug development , bioanalytical assays will require full assay validation. (uscalifornia.com)
Therefore, toxicity testing is strictly controlled and has to be performed in animals and in GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) conditions to select a safe starting dose for the clinical trial in humans. (holocausto.online)
CAR-T therapy can induce rapid and durable clinical responses but is associated with unique acute toxicities. (nature.com)
Accordingly, the model ASO that had been previously characterized in adult Göttingen Minipigs and NHPs showed comparable clinical chemistry and toxicity profiles in the juvenile minipigs. (uantwerpen.be)
Development of such assays is relatively expensive as their validity should be demonstrated through clinical trials. (vin.com)
As stated by the USFDA, " The biodistribution data, coupled with other preclinical safety endpoints such as clinical pathology and histopathology, help determine whether vector presence or gene expression correlates with any tissue-specific detrimental effects in animals . (absorption.com)
Big data in drug discovery refers to the data collected from biological, chemical, pharmacological and clinical domains (2). (excelra.com)
Biological data provides insights to understand the underlying mechanisms associated with disease state, prediction and validation of potential target proteins for therapeutics, development of new bioassay techniques for identifying treatment modalities associated with potential targets, predictions on how treatments will interact with the body when given to a patient and finally assistance in the design of effective clinical trials (2). (excelra.com)

In one run of the assay M molecules are tested, generating 2 M N data points. (physicsforums.com)
The assay is often repeated multiple times on certain molecules. (physicsforums.com)

The objective of this meta-analysis, which consisted of 36 studies containing 86 materials, was to assess the availability of published invivo rodent pulmonary toxicity data for a variety of nanoscale and microscale materials and to derive potency estimates via benchmark dose modeling. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, the potency estimates based on particle mass lung dose associated with acute pulmonary inflammation were used to group materials based on toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Pulmonary infection (inhalation anthrax), caused by inhaling spores, is almost always due to occupational exposure to contaminated animal products (eg, hides) and is often fatal. (msdmanuals.com)

Here we present the results of an acute oral and a sub-chronic oral toxicity study in Beagle dogs. (nih.gov)
1991) [5] studied the acute (24-h) and chronic (90-day) oral toxicity of the ethanolic extracts of Foeniculum vulgare fruit and aerial parts in mice. (scirp.org)

Significant advances have been made in the development of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) over the last decade, mainly focused on the toxicity mechanisms of chemicals. (cdc.gov)
For many regulatory authorities, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) is the preferred assay for the predictive identification of skin-sensitizing chemicals. (cdc.gov)
We did so by considering that small chemicals have potent biological properties, that single atom changes in their structure can affect those properties, that chemical structure can be modulated, and that as such they constitute highly refined biological probes. (nature.com)
Herein, we delineate a novel and selective regulatory mechanism for these processes using efficient synthesis routes and resultant small chemicals as biological probes. (nature.com)

The DR-CALUX assay uses genetically modified animal cells to detect, specifically and quantitatively, toxicity caused by exposure to dioxin and dioxin-like PCBs in a wide range of matrices, including food. (safefood.net)
Supplement to documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. (cdc.gov)
It is concerned with defining the relationship between drug exposure with the administered dose to provide dose-dependent data and determine the effect of pharmacokinetics in animal models. (uscalifornia.com)
As such, we assessed potential differences in exposure/toxicity and pharmacologic effect of a model ASO (RTR5001) in the juvenile Göttingen Minipig in an 8-week repeat-dose toxicity study (weekly subcutaneous dosing starting at postnatal day 1). (uantwerpen.be)
No studies were located regarding systemic effects in animals after inhalation exposure to tetryl. (cdc.gov)
it occurs mainly in countries that do not prevent industrial or agricultural exposure to infected animals or their products (eg, hides, carcasses, hair). (msdmanuals.com)

Since ASOs are usually indicated to rare genetic conditions that could start early in life, and as the rapid growth and development of the pediatric population can influence the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of therapeutic agents, leading to potential toxicities, extending the previous work to the juvenile minipigs was deemed necessary. (uantwerpen.be)
C. elegans survival assays have played key roles in identifying novel genetic factors that regulate many aspects of animal physiology, such as aging and lifespan, stress response, and immunity against pathogens. (molcells.org)
Because many genetic factors discovered using C. elegans are evolutionarily conserved, survival assays can provide insights into mechanisms underlying physiological processes in mammals, including humans. (molcells.org)
Males are rarely used for survival assays ( Gems and Riddle, 1996 ) but are useful for genetic crosses. (molcells.org)

The data types that define biological data are: drug target data, OMICS data (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data), exome data, GWAS data, gene expression data, disease-relevant animal and cellular models data, gene knockout or knockdown data etc. (excelra.com)

The variety of effects observed suggest the possible, and perhaps simultaneous, involvement of several toxicity mechanisms such as increased metabolic cost, reduced energy acquisition (potentially via inhibition of digestive enzyme activity), targeted inhibition of reproduction (potentially via inhibition of vitellogenesis), and/or direct inhibition of molting. (unboundmedicine.com)
Further research is needed to differentiate between these postulated mechanisms of dietary Cu toxicity and to determine whether they act separately or in concert. (unboundmedicine.com)

Immunohistochemical, ELISA, and qRT-PCR assays were performed to detect the expressions of targets associated with SS. (hindawi.com)

In this study, we focused on the sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota which has not been evaluated until now for antibacterial, antifungal and toxicity of its main organs. (scialert.net)
To evaluate the therapeutic potential and toxicity effect of this leafy-vegetable, the antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant activities and, toxicity and phytochemical constituents were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)

There is a strong likelihood that biological activity of nanoparticles will depend on physicochemical parameters not routinely considered in toxicity screening studies. (altmetric.com)

Also, comprehensive pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies further support therapeutic potential. (nature.com)

Comprehensive molecular, cellular and systemic-level assays all support a high level of selectivity. (nature.com)
We do so by demonstrating selectivity across comprehensive molecular, cellular, and systemic assays. (nature.com)

NICEATM and NC3Rs are partnering with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, and NCATS to direct the MPS for COVID Research (MPSCoRe) working group. (nih.gov)

Fifty (50) mice were used in the acute toxicity, and twenty (20) mice were used to study the subacute toxicity of the aerial parts of Foeniculum vulgare juice. (scirp.org)

Details on the available acute oral and dermal toxicity studies are provided in Tables 7 and 8 . (canada.ca)

Proliferation assays However, in rats just minimal alterations were noted. (holocausto.online)
In the acute toxicity evaluation, all animals were physically active and no deaths of rats were observed during the test. (biomedcentral.com)
A three generation reproduction study with each generation producing two litters, was carried out on groups of 20 male and 40 female rats (generation Fo, test animals), 40 male and 80 female (generation Fo controls) or 10 male and 30 female (other generations). (inchem.org)
Dichloromethane (DCM) is possibly carcinogenic to human s (Group 2B) based on sufficient evidence in experimental animals [lung and liver tumors in mice exposed by inhalation, and mammary tumors in rats (both sexes) exposed by inhalation]. (who.int)

An MTT assay was used to determine cell metabolic activity and a TUNEL assay for detecting DNA fragmentation. (holocausto.online)
These conditions included treatments at concentrations equivalent to 5885 μg enzymes concentrate dry matter/mL with and without the rat liver metabolic activation system (S9), and using a treat and plate assay. (europa.eu)
Hepatocellular cytoplasmic vacuolations were found following histopathological examination and were related to metabolic derangement occurring in moribund animals. (canada.ca)
It mainly acts on biological processes such as inflammatory response, chemokine metabolic process, and immune response as well as pathways such as FoxO signaling pathway, Yersinia infection, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)

Researchers may not perform complete assay validation during early drug discovery studies. (uscalifornia.com)
While toxicity test has been traditionally completed in the preclinical phase, in vitro toxicity studies in the early drug discovery stages could significantly reduce failures at a later stage and prevent economic loss. (holocausto.online)
The critical gaps include optimized genome editors, specifically targeted delivery systems and more predictive animal models and studies. (myotonic.org)
1960). TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES Special studies on the metabolites A summary of the results of acute toxicity studies on vamidothion sulfoxide is shown in Table 1. (inchem.org)
Animal model studies show only about 1%-3% of chlorophyll is absorbed, while the rest is excreted in the feces, primarily as pheopytin and pyropheophytin metabolites, indicating that significant transformation and microbial metabolism occur in the gastrointestinal tract (reviewed in 2 ). (oregonstate.edu)
It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic data to public health. (cdc.gov)
Few data exist from animal studies with tetryl. (cdc.gov)

Disadvantages include an intramuscular route of administration, resistant strains, and high toxicity. (medscape.com)

Here, we briefly discuss the methods, requirements, advantages, and disadvantages of different survival assays using C. elegans , such as lifespan assays crucial for aging research, various abiotic stress resistance assays, and pathogen resistance assays important for studying immunity. (molcells.org)
However, the potential use of anthrax as a biological weapon has increased fear of this pathogen. (msdmanuals.com)

ACD/Labs offers a suite of tools that assess environmentally relevant qualities such as log D , aqueous solubility, aquatic toxicity, metabolomics, and more. (acdlabs.com)

Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl assay and phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures. (biomedcentral.com)

Survival assays using C. elegans are powerful methods for studying physiological processes. (molcells.org)
C. elegans survival assays have been key tools for studying physiological processes, including aging, stress resistance, and immunity. (molcells.org)

Cytology/Membrane leakage assays: LDH, AK test. (holocausto.online)

In this review, the currently available techniques are summarized, which are used for screening mycotoxin induced nephrotoxicity in farm animals. (frontiersin.org)

PAPG is commonly used as a substrate for beta-galactosidase activity assays, which are essential for many applications in biochemistry research. (chemsynlab.com)

Their toxicity profiles differ when comparing canine safety data. (nih.gov)
Can the 'standard deviation' or the assay itself be calculated from these data, as if they were direct, repeated measurements? (physicsforums.com)
1974. Biological handbooks: Biology data book. (cdc.gov)
However, variability in animal study data represents a barrier to an objective evaluation of NAM accuracy. (nih.gov)
Hence robust bioanalytical assays will always remain crucial to maximize the generation of reliable and reproducible study data. (uscalifornia.com)
Therefore, focusing on reliable bioanalytical assay development and validation is the key to delivering insightful data into biological samples. (uscalifornia.com)
In regulatory testing situation these in vitro toxicity assays must be reliable, because from these tests it is only possible to generalize the data to … First Published 1995. (holocausto.online)
Leafy vegetables are popular in Benin but there is no scientific data available on their medicinal properties and toxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
For category B, a quite heterogeneous category, more toxicity data are needed to set an HNRV. (cdc.gov)
3) Review existing and unexamined/previously unpublished (potentially classified) animal data related to dose response. (cdc.gov)

Current therapeutic options for SS mainly relies on improving mouth and eye dryness and suppressing immune responses, such as artificial tears and saliva substitutes, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, hydroxychloroquine, synthetic immunosuppressive agents, and T or B cell-targeting biological therapies [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

Human lungs are susceptible to the toxicity induced by soluble xenobiotics. (holocausto.online)

There is a growing concern that dietborne metal toxicity might be important in aquatic ecosystems. (unboundmedicine.com)
Contents: Effects of the Discharge of Radioactive Materials on Aquatic Life Effects of Pesticides on Aquatic Life Environmental Requirements for Aquatic Life Practical Application of Biological Findings in Pollution Abatement Marine and Estuarine Pollution Problems Informal Group Discussions Oil Refinery Waste Problems. (epa.gov)

This assay detects dioxins based on their specific biological activity towards genetically modified living cells through light generation from the recombinant cells. (safefood.net)

Bioanalytical Assay Exposed: The Key To Unlocking Insights Into Biological Samples! (uscalifornia.com)
Hence, whether in vitro assay development or fully validated bioanalytical methods, unlocking the potential of bioanalytical assays is crucial in gaining insights into biological samples. (uscalifornia.com)

n amphipods as a biological indicator of detrimental effects of pollutants, and relative dominance from the aberrant embryos is actually a potential supporting indicator beneath the category Descriptor 8 within the ADAM8 Accession Marine Tactic Framework Directive (MSFD) [14]. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)

Biodistribution (BD) assays determine the amount of viral DNA/RNA in different cells and organs in an organism. (absorption.com)
In this kind of tracking a radiolabeled isotope is usually tagged to the product whose BD is to be investigated which is injected intravenously in to the trial animal, which is sacrificed and its organs are placed in gamma radiation counters to measure the radiation. (absorption.com)

The primary reasons for the preferment of the LLNA are the animal welfare benefits it provides compared with traditional guinea-pig methods (refinement and reduction of animal usage) and the general performance characteristics of the assay with regard to overall reliability, accuracy, and interpretation. (cdc.gov)

Newer bioanalytical assays are developed continuously to support drug candidates at various stages of development. (uscalifornia.com)

Finally, oral acute toxicity at a dose of 2000 mg/kg was done according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline n° 423. (biomedcentral.com)

Considering the significant health benefits of polyols in products formulated for human use, there is increased interest in evaluating potential uses in companion animal applications. (nih.gov)
The toxicity of irgarol to estuarine gastropods has not been previously examined, although they have the potential to be exposed to antifoulants through both aqueous and sediment routes. (unboundmedicine.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms2

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs10

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes15

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Assessment8

Systemic toxicity3

Vitro assays3

Micronucleus2

Vivo9

Mammalian cell1

Reproductive2

Ames1

Bacterial2

Compound5

Compounds7

Efficacy1

Clinical9

Molecules2

Pulmonary3

Chronic2

Chemicals4

Exposure6

Genetic4

Gene1

Mechanisms2

Targets1

Antifungal2

Physicochemical1

Therapeutic potential1

Cellular2

Chemical1

Subacute1

Acute oral1

Rats4

Metabolic4

Studies7

Strains1

Pathogen2

Solubility1

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Processes2

Membrane1

Nephrotoxicity1

Biochemistry1

Data10

Responses1

Soluble1

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Specific biological1

Insights2

Pollutants1

Organs2

Characteristics1

Drug candidates1

Oral1

Potential2