Anesthesia epidural. Medical search. Frequent questions

Local anesthetic and corticosteroid anti-inflammatory medication are delivered into the epidural space to shrink the swelling around nerve roots, relieving pressure and pain. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)

Analgesia was successfully maintained with patient-controlled epidural analgesia of 0.2% ropivacaine with 2 micrograms/ml fentanyl for the duration of labor and delivery, and no further complications were reported. (ahrq.gov)
Patients are able to control their pain with patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) in a manner similar manner to that of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA). (medscape.com)
The Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) position statement "Role of the Registered Nurse in the Care of the Pregnant Woman Receiving Analgesia and Anesthesia by Catheter Techniques" (readily available online) addresses the nurse's role in managing epidural, intrathecal, spinal and patient-controlled epidural analgesia catheters in the labor and delivery setting. (medscape.com)

The study was designed to assess whether labor epidural exposure for routine vaginal delivery was associated with autistic spectrum risk in the offspring. (theanesthesiaconsultant.com)
Cranial Nerve Palsy After Vaginal Delivery with Epidural Anesthesia, a" by Jennifer Olivarez, Caylyne Arnold et al. (hcahealthcare.com)
We examined whether postpartum urinary retention (PUR) can be predicted by the presence or absence of the spontaneous urination within 2 hours after vaginal delivery (early postpartum urinary retention or anuria, EPURA) at term without epidural anesthesia. (ispub.com)
The check of the presence or absence of the spontaneous urination within 2 hours after vaginal delivery may be a useful method to predict PUR after vaginal delivery without epidural anesthesia. (ispub.com)
In our earlier study [3], for example, nulliparity, instrumental delivery and episiotomy seemed to be independent risk factors for PUR after vaginal delivery at term without epidural anesthesia. (ispub.com)

David O. Warner received the Anesthesiology Young Investigator/Parker B. Francis Investigator Award from the Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research. (asahq.org)
The Anesthesia Consultant is written by Richard Novak, MD, an Adjunct Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine at Stanford University. (theanesthesiaconsultant.com)

People who had procedures under epidural anesthesia at other clinics in Mexico and develop symptoms should contact their healthcare provider if they are concerned about possible meningitis. (cdc.gov)
CDC, the Mexican Ministry of Health, and U.S. state and local health departments are responding to a multinational outbreak of fungal meningitis among people who had procedures under epidural anesthesia in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Mexico Ministry of Health, and U.S. state and local health departments are responding to a multinational outbreak of fungal meningitis among patients who underwent surgical procedures under epidural anesthesia in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico, since January 1, 2023. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is issuing this Health Alert Network Health Advisory about an outbreak of suspected fungal meningitis among U.S. patients hospitalized in Texas after undergoing cosmetic procedures under epidural anesthesia in the city of Matamoros, state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. (cdc.gov)
Healthcare providers and the public should be aware that patients who underwent medical or surgical procedures under epidural anesthesia in Matamoros, Mexico, and who have developed signs or symptoms of possible meningitis (e.g., fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, altered mental status) should promptly seek evaluation by a healthcare provider and convey that medical history. (cdc.gov)
Two additional female patients hospitalized in Texas developed suspected fungal meningitis 1-8 weeks after undergoing cosmetic procedures under epidural anesthesia at Clinica K-3 in Matamoros, Mexico. (cdc.gov)

An epidural block involves injecting a local anesthetic near certain spinal nerves to numb a specific area of your body. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
For readers who are not healthcare providers: in administering a labor epidural anesthetic, an anesthesiologist inserts a needle into the mother's low back, locates the tip of the needle into the epidural space adjacent to the spinal cord, and injects local anesthetic into the epidural space. (theanesthesiaconsultant.com)
1 , 2 , 3 The combined spinal-epidural (CSE) technique, a comparatively new anesthetic choice, includes an initial subarachnoid injection followed by epidural catheter placement and subsequent administration of epidural medications. (mhmedical.com)
The results of a survey conducted by Blanshard and Cook demonstrated wide variation in CSE anesthesia use and practice among experienced anesthesiologists, 7 reflecting concern over the frequency of CSE-related complications, 8 , 9 controversy over the technique, 10 , 11 and the potential for higher failure rates with the CSE technique compared with individual spinal or other anesthetic techniques. (mhmedical.com)
The duration of anesthesia is significantly longer with bupivacaine than with any other commonly used local anesthetic. (nih.gov)
The epidural route is used by physicians and nurse anesthetists to administer local anesthetic agents, analgesics, diagnostic medicines such as radiocontrast agents, and other medicines such as glucocorticoids. (wikipedia.org)
A spinal anesthetic is the anesthetic technique used most frequently for patients having Cesarean sections (assuming they don't already have an epidural catheter in place). (macllp.com)
A spinal anesthetic is also sometimes given when an epidural catheter is being placed. (macllp.com)
Local anesthetic epidural blockade may be useful in conjunction with aggressive physical therapy or manipulation of a painful limb associated with joint stiffness or limited range of motion. (medscape.com)
In comparison to epidural blocks, epidural injections of local anesthetic, steroids, or both are considered for the treatment of radicular pain symptoms secondary to disk herniation or postsurgical radicular pain. (medscape.com)
Certain conditions with sympathetic mediated or maintained pain are treated with the epidural local anesthetic since it provides sympathetic blockade. (medscape.com)
For nearly 200 years, scientists weren't entirely clear on how general anesthesia worked, but a 2019 study found that these anesthetic drugs tap into a part of the brain that regulates several bodily functions, including sleep. (howstuffworks.com)

Epidurals are offered with a plethora of accoutrements, including catheters for involuntary urination, blood pressure monitoring and IV fluids for changes to vascular physiology, and continuous fetal monitoring because of risk of decreased oxygen flow to the baby. (pathwaystofamilywellness.org)
It is necessary to increase the index of awareness among physicians for infectious complications of epidural anesthesia and analgesia, and special care should be exercised with epidural catheters in immunocompromised patients. (silverchair.com)
The duration of anesthesia or analgesia is prolonged when epidural catheters are used. (medscape.com)
Long-term indwelling epidural catheters are helpful in managing severe pain in cancer and noncancer chronic pain conditions. (medscape.com)

This is called a combined spinal-epidural technique. (macllp.com)

The obstetrician inserts a small, extremely thin tube called a catheter into the epidural space in the lumbar spine. (hellosites.net)
Epidural administration involves the placement of a catheter into the epidural space, which may remain in place for the duration of the treatment. (wikipedia.org)

LUMBAR or thoracic epidural anesthesia (EA) could affect the respiratory system in several ways. (asahq.org)
Bupivacaine hydrochloride injection USP is available in sterile isotonic solution for injection via local infiltration, peripheral nerve block, and caudal and lumbar epidural blocks. (nih.gov)
An epidural injection may be administered at any point of the spine, but most commonly the lumbar spine, below the end of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
Spinal epidural abscesses usually occur in the thoracic or lumbar regions. (msdmanuals.com)

Epidural blocks are corticosteroid injections which are used to decrease pain and inflammation. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
The most common complications of epidural injections include bleeding problems, headaches, and inadequate pain control. (wikipedia.org)
Epidural injections are commonly used to provide pain relief (analgesia) during childbirth. (wikipedia.org)
With an epidural, a thin catheter is usually placed into the epidural space which allows multiple injections and/or a continuous infusion of medication to be given. (macllp.com)
Epidural injections do not alter the course of the underlying process but may offer effective pain relief in selected patients. (medscape.com)
In the ever-expanding field of interventional pain management, epidural injections of pain medications like steroids play an important role in chronic pain management. (medscape.com)

Women often have an epidural during childbirth . (medlineplus.gov)
Obstetric anesthesia clinic childbirth course combined with labor epidural analgesia is associated with a decreased risk of postpartum depression : a prospective cohort study. (iasp-pain.org)
In this paper, an investigation was conducted to see if obstetric anesthesia clinic childbirth course combined with labor epidural analgesia (LEA) was associated with a decreased risk of PPD. (iasp-pain.org)
Epidural anesthesia is a well-known local anesthesia that is commonly used to relieve the pain of childbirth. (birthinjurysettlement.com)
This study examined the issue of autism and epidural anesthesia for childbirth. (theanesthesiaconsultant.com)
For this reason, epidurals are commonly used for pain control during childbirth and surgery. (wikipedia.org)
Epidural analgesia during childbirth may also impact the mother's ability to move during labor. (wikipedia.org)

The term epidural is often short for epidural anesthesia, a form of regional anesthesia involving injection of drugs through a catheter placed into the epidural space. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
An epidural injection may also be used to administer steroids for the treatment of inflammatory conditions of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
Ephedrine sulfate injection is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent that is indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia. (nih.gov)
Ephedrine sulfate injection is indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia. (nih.gov)

This is done by inserting a sterile needle and an epidural catheter into the lower back spinal cord while the back is in an arch position. (birthinjurysettlement.com)
The pain can cause both a loss of sensation (anesthesia) and a loss of pain (analgesia), by blocking the transmission of signals through nerves in or near the spinal cord. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
Epidural administration (from Ancient Greek ἐπί, , upon" + dura mater) is a method of medication administration in which a medicine is injected into the epidural space around the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
Epidural anaesthesia causes a loss of sensation, including pain, by blocking the transmission of signals through nerve fibres in or near the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
A spinal epidural abscess is an accumulation of pus in the epidural space that can mechanically compress the spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)

This month the Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics (JAMA Pediatrics ) released an online study "Association Between Epidural Analgesia During Labor and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring," authored by Qiu et al. (theanesthesiaconsultant.com)
Epidural clonidine is rarely used but has been extensively studied for management of analgesia during labor. (wikipedia.org)

After locating the epidural space, the obstetrician will disinfect your back and apply local anesthesia with a very fine needle. (hellosites.net)
To ensure accuracy and safety, our anesthesiologists perform the epidural blocks under fluoroscopic x-ray guidance, using a contrast agent to confirm needle placement. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
Insertion of an epidural catheter consists of threading a needle between bones and ligaments to reach the epidural space without going so far as to puncture the dura mater. (wikipedia.org)
Spinal anesthesia is similar to epidural in that it is placed, with a needle, in the same approximate location of the lower spine. (macllp.com)
However, with spinal anesthesia the needle is passed beyond the epidural space into the spinal fluid space, allowing an even deeper intensity of regional anesthesia in a distribution that is similar to that achieved with epidural anesthesia. (macllp.com)

There were no significant complications from epidural anesthesia. (qxmd.com)
Severe complications from epidural administration are rare, but can include problems resulting from improper administration, as well as side effects of the medicines administered. (wikipedia.org)

It's a type of anesthesia that our Kentucky Anesthesia Group anesthesiologists and anesthetists may give during surgery to numb spinal nerves and prevent pain signals from traveling to the brain. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)

In recent years, regional anesthesia techniques for surgery, obstetrics, and postoperative pain management have been used with increasing frequency. (mhmedical.com)
In many centers, regional anesthesia techniques are used extensively to allow the performance of orthopedic procedures. (medscape.com)

The intended anesthesia included 5 micrograms of intrathecal sufentanil and an epidural test dose of 4 ml 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine. (ahrq.gov)
About one hour later, the anesthesia care provider's audit of the controlled substance box found that this patient had been given intrathecal morphine 1 mg instead of 5 micrograms sufentanil. (ahrq.gov)
Epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine, bupivacaine and fentanyl, or bupivacaine and sufentanil during intravenous administration of propofol for ovariohysterectomy in dogs. (scielo.br)
Sufentanil analgesia following cesarean section: epidural versus intravenous administration. (scielo.br)
Determination of the analgesic dose-response relationship for epidural fentanyl and sufentanil with bupivacaine 0.125% in laboring patients. (scielo.br)

General anesthesia is a combination of intravenous (IV) medications and gases that put you in a deep sleep. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
Epidural analgesia is considered a safer and more effective method of relieving pain in labor as compared to intravenous or oral analgesia. (wikipedia.org)
The recommended dosages for the treatment of clinically important hypotension in the setting of anesthesia is an initial dose of 5 mg to 10 mg administered by intravenous bolus. (nih.gov)
Epidural analgesia combined with inhalatory anesthesia may provide advantages over the conventional routes of analgesic administration (intravenous or intramuscular), including reduction of the doses of the inhalant agents required to produce anaesthesia and thus the side effects derived from higher doses 1 1. (scielo.br)
Torske KE, Dyson DH, Pettifer G. End tidal halothane concentration and postoperative analgesia requirements in dogs: a comparison between intravenous oxymorphone and epidural bupivacaine alone and in combination with oxymorphone. (scielo.br)

Tell your provider about any allergies or health conditions you have, what medicines you are taking, and what anesthesia or sedation you have had before. (medlineplus.gov)
In this article, we will cover a number of topics, including the differences between general anesthesia and sedation, potential side effects of general anesthesia, associated risks, and some theories regarding how they work. (medicalnewstoday.com)
You will be given general anesthesia (asleep and pain-free), spinal or epidural anesthesia (awake but pain-free), or local anesthesia and sedation. (stlukes-stl.com)

Epidural medications fall into a class of drugs called local anesthetics, such as bupivacaine, chloroprocaine, or lidocaine. (edu.ly)
The onset of action with bupivacaine is rapid and anesthesia is long lasting. (nih.gov)
Epidural morphine vs. intercostal bupivacaine. (scielo.br)
10. Abelson AL, Armitage-Chan E, Lindsey JC, Wetmore LA. A comparison of epidural morphine with low dose bupivacaine versus epidural morphine alone on motor and respiratory function in dogs following splenectomy. (scielo.br)
Campoy L, Martin-Flores M, Ludders JW, Erb HN, Gleed RD. Comparison of bupivacaine femoral and sciatic nerve block versus bupivacaine and morphine epidural for stifle surgery in dogs. (scielo.br)
Forty adult patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I-II undergoing upper abdominal surgery were randomly allocated into two groups to receive 50 µg fentanyl or 50 µg dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to 10 ml 0.125% bupivacaine via thoracic epidural. (bvsalud.org)

This randomised, double-blind study was designed to assess the analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine as compared with fentanyl as an adjunct to local anaesthetic in thoracic epidural for upper abdominal surgeries. (bvsalud.org)

In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. (nih.gov)

The anesthesia care provider, who was sleep deprived near the end of a 48-hour call shift (during which they only slept for 3 hours), performed the procedure successfully but injected an analgesic drug that was not appropriate for this clinical indication. (ahrq.gov)
Our anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists (CRNA) at Kentucky Anesthesia Group are committed to providing the best care throughout every procedure, putting every patient at ease before every epidural block procedure. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
We present a case report of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for aortic dissection (Stanford type B) in a parturient woman with Marfan syndrome at her 37th week of gestation and had a history of Bentall procedure 3 years ago. (rroij.com)
When you think of anesthesia, it's likely you think of what's called general anesthesia, which leaves you completely unconscious during a medical procedure such as a major surgery. (howstuffworks.com)
An epidural blood patch is a procedure to stop spinal fluid from leaking. (epnet.com)
Because rapid treatment is necessary to prevent or minimize neurologic deficits, clinicians should consider spinal epidural abscess if patients have significant atraumatic back pain, particularly when there is focal percussion tenderness over the spine, or if they have a fever or have had a recent infection or dental procedure. (msdmanuals.com)

Wenningsted-Torgard K, Heyn J, Willumsen L: Spondylitis following epidural morphine. (silverchair.com)
Epidural morphine reduces halothane MAC in the dog. (scielo.br)
9. Marucio RL, Luna SP, Neto FJ, Minto BW, Hatschbach E. Postoperative analgesic effects of epidural administration of neostigmine alone or in combination with morphine in ovariohysterectomized dogs. (scielo.br)
Contraindications to use of IT anesthesia include heparinization or other coagulopathy, local or systemic infection, and morphine allergy. (medscape.com)

These PPE recommendations did not differ from standard precautions, but they specifically discussed which PPE to use for casual contact, vaginal examinations, labor and delivery, anesthesia, and postpartum care. (cdc.gov)

A doctor who gives you epidural or spinal anesthesia is called an anesthesiologist. (medlineplus.gov)
As it is classified as a local anesthesia, epidural anesthesia is usually administered by an anesthesiologist, obstetrician, or a nurse-anesthetist. (birthinjurysettlement.com)
If you're preparing for a surgery requiring general anesthesia, you'll typically meet with the anesthesiologist to give him or her your medical history. (howstuffworks.com)

With the theory that Ogilvie's syndrome is caused by sympathetic inhibition of contractility in the colon as a basis, 18 patients with acute colonic pseudo-obstruction were enrolled in a treatment program assessing the safety and efficacy of sympathetic blockade, by epidural anesthesia, in those who failed conservative management. (qxmd.com)
Ephedrine may decrease the efficacy of epidural blockade by hastening the regression of sensory analgesia. (nih.gov)

Epidural anesthesia is often used during labor and delivery, and surgery in the pelvis and legs. (medlineplus.gov)
A study revealing the prolongation of the second stage of labor, thanks to epidurals, has been influential in identifying the iatrogenesis-doctor-caused harm-at the root of the cesarean problem. (pathwaystofamilywellness.org)
It appears that, thanks to an antiquated but stillsanctioned construct-Friedman's curve, an outdated graphical representation of rates of progression- the hospital clock starts ticking loudly upon a mother's arrival, and the alarm goes off after three hours of second-stage labor with an epidural. (pathwaystofamilywellness.org)
The anesthesia care provider, who was 32 hours into a 48-hour call shift and had only had 3 hours of sleep in the prior 32 hours, performed L3-4 combined spinal epidural analgesia for labor and delivery. (ahrq.gov)
This case describes a 27-year-old primigravid woman who requested neuraxial anesthesia during induction of labor. (ahrq.gov)
This case provides an opportunity to discuss the implications of sleep deprivation, especially in high-risk settings such as anesthesia care and obstetric care, and approaches to improve patient safety during labor and delivery. (ahrq.gov)
Mothers who receive an epidural for labor pain should still be able to breastfeed, especially if you have experience of breastfeeding problems a baby previously. (edu.ly)
In recent years there was an increase of epidural analgesia for pain management during labor. (edu.ly)
The article showed a 37% increased incidence of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in children whose mothers received epidural anesthesia during labor. (theanesthesiaconsultant.com)
The JAMA Pediatrics study was not designed to show that labor epidurals do or do not cause autism. (theanesthesiaconsultant.com)
The study did find an increased incidence of autism in children of mothers who had labor epidural anesthesia, and that's an important story. (theanesthesiaconsultant.com)
Some disadvantages of epidural analgesia versus opioids included longer labor durations, an increased need for oxytocin to stimulate uterine contractions, and an increased risk of fever, low blood pressure, and muscle weakness. (wikipedia.org)
There is no overall difference in outcomes based on the time the epidural is administered to the mother, specifically no change in the rate of caesarean section, birth which must be assisted by instruments, and duration of labor. (wikipedia.org)
A labor and delivery nurse asked a question about the nurse's role during epidural anesthesia or analgesia. (medscape.com)

Shall we rethink the timing of epidural anesthesia in anticoagulated obstetrical patients? (bvsalud.org)

2017). Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. (mhmedical.com)

In addition, postoperative analgesia via the epidural catheter can be delivered for extended periods. (mhmedical.com)
To measure the change in the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (EtISO) associated with epidural nalbuphine and the postoperative analgesic requirements in dogs after ovariohysterectomy. (scielo.br)
Epidural nalbuphine significantly reduces the intra-operative isoflurane requirement and provides prolonged postoperative analgesia after ovariohysterectomy in dogs. (scielo.br)
In the postoperative period patient -controlled analgesic pumps were used to deliver similar types of mixtures via the epidural catheter . (bvsalud.org)

Epidurals block the nerve impulses from the lower spinal segments. (edu.ly)
Epidural nerve block has become a significant advance in neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia. (medscape.com)
When considering epidural nerve block, clinicians should follow a stepwise approach. (medscape.com)

This is due, in part, to the fact that improvements in anesthesia and better analgesics for relief of pain have made surgery less complex and risky (2). (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, epidural catheterization provides the possibility of supplementing the subarachnoid anesthesia, which may be insufficient when used alone. (mhmedical.com)

Kentucky Anesthesia Group epidural blocks are given through a small, flexible tube, called a catheter, which goes near the spine at the small of the back. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)

Let's look at what the evidence suggests about the risks of epidurals, considering that up to 41 percent of women never properly consented for this intervention. (pathwaystofamilywellness.org)
What are the risks of spinal block and epidural anesthesia? (hug.ch)
General anesthesia is also used for more lifesaving procedures such as heart surgeries or treatments for cancer, although it does carry some risks. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In this article, we will look at the different types of anesthesia so that you can understand what it is, how it works and what risks are involved. (howstuffworks.com)

This allows for rapid relief of pain or induction of regional anesthesia by the rapid onset of the spinal drugs and subsequent administration of medications for prolonged anesthesia. (mhmedical.com)

Studies may show that higher doses of the opioid medication fentanyl (most commonly used opioid in epidurals) may impact breastfeeding, but lower doses don't seem to make breastfeeding more difficult. (edu.ly)

Because of clustering and pure chance, prospective studies on epidural anesthesia were not large enough to detect rare events such as epidural abscess or vertebral osteomyelitis. (silverchair.com)
Recognizing catheter-related infections such as epidural abscess [4] or vertebral osteomyelitis [1] is important, because they can result in permanent neurologic damage. (silverchair.com)
Lynch J, Zech D: Spondylitis without epidural abscess formation following short-term use of an epidural catheter. (silverchair.com)
Consider immediate MRI to diagnose spinal epidural abscess if patients have unexplained back pain, even without neurologic findings, particularly if focal percussion tenderness and risk factors (eg, IV drug use, recent infection or bacteremia) are present. (msdmanuals.com)

Anesthesia relaxes the bladder muscles, making it hard to urinate. (medlineplus.gov)

Kentucky Anesthesia Group administers epidural blocks for many surgeries and procedures. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
Major, complex surgeries that require a long period of time to perform typically require general anesthesia. (howstuffworks.com)

Unintended intraoperative awareness is incredibly rare, affecting an estimated 1 in every 19,000 patients undergoing general anesthesia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Reduces blood loss: In total hip arthroplasty (THA), studies have demonstrated that both spinal and epidural anesthesia tend to have approximately a 30% reduction in intraoperative blood loss compared with general anesthesia , owing to lower arterial and venous pressures. (medscape.com)

A patient receiving an epidural for pain relief typically receives a combination of local anesthesia and opioids. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
In a 2018 Cochrane review of studies which compared epidural analgesia with oral opioids, some advantages of epidural analgesia versus opioids included fewer instances of naloxone use in newborns, and decreased risk of maternal hyperventilation. (wikipedia.org)

Spine model showing interlaminar epidural space. (medscape.com)
An understanding of the basic anatomy of the epidural space also requires recognition of the following key anatomic features of the spine. (medscape.com)

The epidural cannot be carried out in a woman who suffers from a strong fever, a local infection at the level of the lower back, or disorders of blood coagulation. (hellosites.net)
Nurse preparing a syringe for local anesthesia. (howstuffworks.com)
The doctor will give local anesthesia-the area will be numbed. (epnet.com)
IT narcotics can be administered as an adjunct to general anesthesia (eg, for scoliosis surgery), or they can be mixed with local anesthetics and administered during spinal anesthesia (eg, for total hip arthroplasty). (medscape.com)

In some cases colonoscopy had been performed initially and, if unsuccessful, these patients were referred for treatment with epidural anesthesia. (qxmd.com)
Five of eight patients treated by epidural anesthesia responded. (qxmd.com)
However, it is interesting that the patient reported by Pinczower and Gyorke and one of the previously reported patients [6] were both diagnosed with vertebral osteomyelitis secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas the most common organism in epidural catheter-related infections is Staphylococcus aureus. (silverchair.com)
Epidural or spinal hematomas may occur in patients who are anticoagulated with low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), heparinoids, or fondaparinux sodium and are receiving neuraxial anesthesia or undergoing spinal puncture. (rxlist.com)
Because of the muscle relaxants given alongside anesthesia, patients are unable to signal to their surgeon or anesthetist that they are still aware of what is happening. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Anesthesiologists need to closely monitor patients under this anesthesia type, due to the level of central nervous system involvement. (howstuffworks.com)
Patients who are heavy drinkers or drug users also tend to react differently to anesthesia. (howstuffworks.com)
Doctors and anesthesiologists closely monitor patients who are under general anesthesia to keep track of vitals and brain activity. (howstuffworks.com)
All these patients received epidural anesthesia and underwent cosmetic procedures. (cdc.gov)

In addition, it also happens that the obstetrician decides to carry out the epidural if the baby is not yet engaged in the basin. (hellosites.net)

In my opinion, the epidural intervention is the most reprehensible intervention of all, because of its largely dismissed risk profile and because of its auspicious position in a cascade of interventions- unnecessary, ill-conceived and rife with unintended consequences, including death. (pathwaystofamilywellness.org)

Depending on the dose injected, the effects of the epidural disappear after 1 to 3 hours. (hellosites.net)
The advantages of IT analgesia, especially if spinal anesthesia is already planned, include its simplicity, lack of need for catheter care or pumps, low cost, and easy supplementation with low-dose patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) narcotics as needed. (medscape.com)

both anesthesia methods may also reduce perioperative hypercoagulability that occurs as a result of the surgical stress response. (medscape.com)

This is called the epidural space. (medlineplus.gov)
Saline or air may be used to confirm placement in the epidural space. (wikipedia.org)
The cephalad part of the spinal epidural space begins at the level of foramen magnum, where the periosteal and spinal layers of dura fuse together. (medscape.com)
The anterior portion of the epidural space is formed by the posterior longitudinal ligament, which covers the posterior part of the vertebral body and the intravertebral disk. (medscape.com)
Posteriorly, the epidural space is formed by the anterior lateral surface of the vertebral lamina and the ligamentum flavum. (medscape.com)
Laterally, the epidural space is formed by the pedicles of the vertebrae and the intravertebral foramen. (medscape.com)
The ligamentum flavum is used as the key landmark for identification of the epidural space. (medscape.com)
Also note that the epidural space is narrowest in the cervical region, with an anterior/posterior diameter of 2-3 mm. (medscape.com)
The images below show the interlaminar epidural space. (medscape.com)

An epidural block is an important tool used to manage pain while you remain awake or slightly sedated. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms3

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs84

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment97

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

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Health Care27

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Patient-controlled epidural analgesia3

Vaginal delivery5

Anesthesiology2

Procedures under epidural anesthesia6

Anesthetic12

Catheters4

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Catheter into the epidural space2

LUMBAR4

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Childbirth7

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Spinal cord5

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Needle5

Complications from epidural2

Type of anesthesia1

Regional anesthesia techniques2

Sufentanil5

Intravenous5

Sedation3

Bupivacaine6

Thoracic1

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Procedure6

Morphine4

Postpartum1

Anesthesiologist3

Blockade2

Labor14

Obstetrical1

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Nerve3

Analgesics1

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Risks4

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Abscess4

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Local4

Patients9

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