• Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between wild type plants and STTM159 transgenic plants showed that genes involved in cell division, auxin, cytokinin (CK) and brassinosteroids (BRs) biosynthesis and signaling are significantly down-regulated in STTM159 plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • About 65,587 of 82,663 transcripts were translated into 99,307 peptides, and we were successful in assigning InterPro annotations to 45,209 peptides and gene ontology (GO) terms to 32,638 peptides. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Gene ontology of differentially-expressed genes suggests dormancy transitions require specific alterations in transport functions (including induction of a series of mitochondrial substrate carriers, and sugar transporters), ethylene, jasmonic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, and abscisic acid responses, and responses to stress (primarily oxidative and cold/drought). (usda.gov)
  • Ontology analysis revealed that more than twice the number of catalysis genes and more than 3.6-fold of metabolic genes were up-regulated, respectively, as compared to those down-regulated with the same molecular and biological functions. (usda.gov)
  • Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were mainly implicated in energy metabolism, metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, and carbohydrate metabolism related pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In garlic, the next-generation sequencing analysis based on RNA from renewal buds resulted in de novo assembly of 128,000 unigenes that were annotated and analyzed with respect to Gene Ontology (GO) and metabolic pathways [ 28 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • This paper reports on the kinetics of accumulation of these lipid classes during pollen maturation and the expression patterns of several lipid biosynthetic genes and their protein products that are differentially regulated in developing microspores/ pollen grains (gametophyte) and tapetal cells (sporophyte) of B. napus. (nih.gov)
  • In ripening grape berry skins, anthocyanin synthesis corresponds to a coordinated increased expression level of a number of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed extensive functional characterization of diterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthetic genes in rice, and found that the genes for the biosynthesis of the major diterpenoid phytoalexins, phytocassanes and momilactones, are clustered on chromosomes 2 and 4, and that their expression is coordinately induced in rice cells after elicitation. (go.jp)
  • 2]O'Hara P, Slabas A R, Fawcett T. Fatty acid and lipid biosynthetic genes are expressed at constant molar ratios but different absolute levels during embryogenesis. (chinacrops.org)
  • Studies on miR159 are mostly done on model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana . (biomedcentral.com)
  • We hypothesized that these act to induce dormancy by turning off another gene called FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). Turning on of FT was shown to prevent dormancy induction in poplar, and genes similar to DAM are known to regulate FT expression in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (usda.gov)
  • In Arabidopsis, there are three catalase genes, CAT1, CAT2,and CAT3.The encoded catalases are predominately peroxisomal proteins and are critical for scavenging H2O2.Since CAT1 and CAT3 are linked on chromosome 1, it has been almost impossible to generate cat1/3 and cat1/2/3 mutants by traditional genetic tools. (dialog-gea.de)
  • The NAC transcription factor gene ANAC072 is differentially expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules. (uj.ac.za)
  • Distinct carbohydrate and lipid-based molecular patterns within lipopolysaccharides from Burkholderia cepacia contribute to defense-associated differential gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. (uj.ac.za)
  • Activation of camalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to perception of bacterial lipopolysaccharides: a gene-to-metabolite study. (uj.ac.za)
  • FAD2 was first identified in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana [2]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Annotation of these Top Hub Unigenes with Arabidopsis thaliana genome (by BLASTX, TAIR 10 and agriGO) was performed to determine gene functions and they could be related to leaf and shoot system development, cytokinin pathway and circadian clock. (uni-giessen.de)
  • 2020). The COR413 gene family was first identified when the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was subjected to low temperature stress ( Breton et al. (bioscipublisher.com)
  • In the tapetum, maximal expression of two marker genes for lipid biosynthesis (sad and ear) occurred at a bud length of 2-3 mm, and the corresponding gene products SAD and EAR were detected by Western blotting in 3-4 mm buds, coinciding with the maximal rates of tapetal lipid accumulation. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, compared to the common transcriptional response to Pb stress in both cultivars, the regulation of numerous genes including those involved in zeatin biosynthesis, limonene and pinene degradation, phagosome was exclusive to one cultivar. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, the transformation of plants with a yeast-derived invertase targeted to different subcellular compartments has led to the elucidation of several key aspects of sugar metabolism, including phloem loading mechanisms, the regulation of photosynthesis by sugars, the importance of sugar-metabolism compartmentation with regards to sucrose biosynthesis, storage and distribution, as well as the role of cell-wall invertase in phloem unloading and sink strength. (sun.ac.za)
  • In particular, we analyzed clusters related to salt sensory and signaling, transcription factors, hormone regulation, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging, osmolyte biosynthesis and biomass production, all of them showing different regulation either versus untreated plants or between the two treatments. (zenodo.org)
  • In higher plants, FAD2 gene encodes the microsomal oleate Δ12-desaturase, one of the key enzymes essential for biosynthesis of polyunsaturated lipids that serve many important functions in plant development and stress responses. (researchsquare.com)
  • Furthermore, the co-expression module of MYB, bHLH, and WRKY transcription factors also suggested a fascinating transcriptional activation complex, where MYB-bHLH could utilize WRKY as a co-option during the testa color regulation by augmenting anthocyanin biosynthesis in peanut. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings reveal candidate functional genes and potential strategies for the manipulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis to improve peanut varieties with desirable testa color. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previously, many studies have demonstrated anthocyanin biosynthesis in several plant species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There were dramatic change in transcript levels at 24 h and six Auxin transport genes and four gibberellin biosynthesis pathway genes were differentially expressed in Zong 31 in response to ethephon treatment. (engineering.org.cn)
  • Transcriptome analysis identifies novel responses and potential regulatory genes involved in seasonal dormancy transitions of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L. (usda.gov)
  • These data represent the first large-scale transcriptome analysis of dormancy in underground buds of an herbaceous perennial species. (usda.gov)
  • Transcriptome analysis showed a more profound transcriptional response in the cat1/2/3 triple mutants compared to the cat2/3 mutants. (dialog-gea.de)
  • In silico transcriptome analysis of CpG O/E ratios suggested that the bulk of Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa genes possess high levels of intragenic methylation. (nature.com)
  • The transcriptome analysis of the extreme genotypes of the population has allowed the identification of a set of differentially expressed genes. (fmach.it)
  • The multiplexed-DGE analysis was proved to be a cost-effective method for large-scale quantitative transcriptome analysis, using next-generation Illumina (Solexa) sequencing. (uni-giessen.de)
  • RNA-seq based transcriptome analysis highlighted that Cfhos2 regulates secondary metabolism-related virulence genes during infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here I studied the effect of three candidate genes on the antagonistic relationship between the biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea and the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. (slu.se)
  • None of the candidate genes was differentially expressed in C. rosea cultures growing in dual culture with F. graminearum, however nlrl expression was increased in dual culture with Botrytis cinerea. (slu.se)
  • This work provides a platform for studies in which candidate genes will be functionally tested for involvement in internode elongation. (engineering.org.cn)
  • These results gave an insight into the genetic regulation of complex traits, providing some candidate genes and allowing to some extent an interpretation of their regulatory role. (uni-giessen.de)
  • Given that Symbiodinium seems to have a paucity of transcription factors and differentially expressed genes, identification and characterization of its smRNA repertoire establishes the possibility of a range of gene regulatory mechanisms in dinoflagellates acting post-transcriptionally. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular characterization of an elicitor-responsive lectin receptor-like kinase gene (GhLec-RK2 ) from cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. (uj.ac.za)
  • Molecular characterization and regulation of a Nicotiana tabacum S-domain receptor-like kinase gene induced during an early rapid response to lipopolysaccharides. (uj.ac.za)
  • Molecular characterization of an elicitor-responsive Armadillo repeat gene (GhARM) from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). (uj.ac.za)
  • We reported the molecular characterization of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) GhFAD2 gene family and the essential role of GhFAD2-3 in cotton anther development. (researchsquare.com)
  • RNA sequencing has been used for the genome-wide quantification of absolute transcript levels, the identification of novel genes, the characterization of transcript structure (including 50 and 30 ends, introns, and exons), and the mining of molecular markers. (springeropen.com)
  • Characterization of Transcription Factors Following Expression Profiling of Medicago truncatula-Botrytis spp. (mpg.de)
  • Some plant miRNA families have many members, and their mature miRNAs often have multiple target genes having similar complementary sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. (cancerindex.org)
  • Gene enrichment analysis was demonstrated using DAVID 6.8 tool. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene enrichment analysis revealed that these lncRNA-related mRNAs are associated with cell adhesion, collagen adhesion, cell differentiation, and mainly enriched in ECM-receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although we cannot discern whether gbM regulates gene expression or vice versa, or if other molecular mechanisms play a role in facilitating transcriptome responsiveness, our findings point to the existence of a relationship between gene responsiveness and gbM patterns in marine plants. (nature.com)
  • To estimate genes related to Pb response and the molecular mechanism associated with Pb tolerance and accumulation, we analyzed the transcriptome of tall fescue in response to Pb treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The tall fescue assembled transcriptome provided substantial molecular resources for further genomics analysis of turfgrass in response to heavy metal stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The authors consequently stated that while the RNAi core molecular pathway and genes are conserved among eukaryotes (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To compensate for the lack of information about the molecular mechanism involved in Arundo donax L. response to salt stress, we de novo sequenced, assembled and analyzed the A. donax leaf transcriptome subjected to two levels of long-term salt stress (namely, S3 severe and S4 extreme).The picture that emerges from the identification of differentially expressed genes is consistent with a salt dose-dependent response. (zenodo.org)
  • Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. (uj.ac.za)
  • Molecular Plant Pathology. (uj.ac.za)
  • These strategies involve rearrangements at the molecular level starting from transcription, regulation of mRNA processing, translation, and protein modification or its turnover. (intechopen.com)
  • However, the underlying molecular mechanism between the peanut testa color and genes that regulate its related trait is still not clearly elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The workflow proposed can potentially enable all basic molecular biology laboratories to perform detailed targeted gene sequencing analysis in AML patients, in order to define the prognosis and the treatment. (mdpi.com)
  • Chloroplast biogenesis and function is essential for proper plant embryo and seed development but the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of plastids during embryogenesis are poorly understood. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our study contains an extensive sequencing and functional gene-annotation analysis of A. sativum L. The findings provide insights into the molecular basis of TFs, defensive genes, and a reference for future studies on the genetics and breeding of A. sativum L. (springeropen.com)
  • Further detailed analyses of these responses will increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, identify new bacterial virulence factors, and aid in the design of new vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • Such transition between active and inactive forms allows for them to serve as molecular switches and to make G proteins suitable for the regulation of a wide range of cellular processes such as signal transduction, cytoskeletal reorganizations, vesicular transport and protein synthesis [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The molecular steps in the replication pathway that regulate the levels of viral gene expression are not well defined. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This article was first published in Molecular Plant Breeding in Chinese, and here was authorized to translate and publish the paper in English under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (bioscipublisher.com)
  • Mattick, J.S. (2023) A Kuhnian revolution in molecular biology: Most genes in complex organisms express regulatory RNAs. (blogspot.com)
  • The paradigm that has held sway since the inception of molecular biology is that genes (mainly) encode proteins. (blogspot.com)
  • Professor Gaurab Gangopadhyay and his group from the Division of Plant Biology have developed inter-specific hybrid sesame, an oilseed crop, through molecular marker-assisted breeding. (jcbose.ac.in)
  • Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing technologies and microarray techniques enable scientists to conduct comprehensive analyses on the abundance, composition, expression profile and molecular function of circRNAs [ 16 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • In addition, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, OsTGAP1, was identified as a key regulator of the coordinated expression of the clustered genes and the methylerythritol phosphate pathway genes. (go.jp)
  • Notably, the expression of the anthocyanin upstream regulatory genes PAL , CHS , and CHI was upregulated in pink and red testa peanuts, indicating that their regulation may occur before to the advent of testa pigmentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the differential expression of down-stream regulatory genes including F3H , DFR , and ANS revealed that deepening of testa color not only depends on their gene expression bias, but also linked with FLS inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The additional information generated by whole genome studies goes far beyond that derived by characterizing in isolation more genes and gene products, because analysis of the whole genome allows complete regulatory networks to be identified and characterized. (cdc.gov)
  • These data define a regulatory mechanism for the difference in amounts of VP6 and NSP1 and provide evidence for post-transcriptional control of rotavirus gene expression mediated by the translational efficiency of individual viral mRNAs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Subsequently, DGE analysis to identify candidate regulatory genes associated with complex traits during seedling development was performed. (uni-giessen.de)
  • The regulatory gene CLV1 (CLAVATA 1) was found to be differentially expressed for traits such as shoot fresh weight and plant height at flowering for year 2006. (uni-giessen.de)
  • In addition, a total of fifteen Top Hub Brassica Unigenes for A (B. rapa) and C (B. oleracea) genomes were identified as candidate regulatory genes for complex trait interaction during seedling development. (uni-giessen.de)
  • These observations suggest that the original conception of genetic information was deficient and that most genes in complex organisms specify regulatory RNAs, some of which convey intergenerational information. (blogspot.com)
  • Notably, circRNAs display cell-type, tissue-type and developmental-stage specific expression patterns in eukaryotic transcriptome, which reveals their significant regulatory functions in gene expression. (ijbs.com)
  • miR159 is a conserved miRNA among different plant species and has various functions in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • STTM (Short Tandem Target Mimic) is an effective tool to block the activity of endogenous mature miRNA activity in plant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The miR159 family is one of the most ancient and conserved miRNA families among monocot and dicot plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Distribution pattern of small RNA and degradome reads provides information on miRNA gene structure and regulation. (mpg.de)
  • Comparison of global gene expression profiles showed significant change following mate consumption with 2635 significantly differentially expressed genes, among which six are miRNA and 244 are lncRNA. (cambridge.org)
  • More importantly, circRNAs serve as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and crucial regulators of gene expression. (ijbs.com)
  • Specifically, RNA-Seq facilitates the ability to look at alternative gene spliced transcripts, post-transcriptional modifications, gene fusion, mutations/SNPs and changes in gene expression over time, or differences in gene expression in different groups or treatments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. (ijbs.com)
  • ncRNAs play important roles in controlling gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. (ijbs.com)
  • Analysis of DEGs also revealed that minicircle-encoded photosynthesis proteins seem to be common targets of transcriptional regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, stress response studies during these growth stages reveal novel differentially regulated genes or proteins with important functions in plant stress adaptation. (intechopen.com)
  • We show here that PLASTID REDOX INSENSITIVE 2 (PRIN2) and CHLOROPLAST STEM-LOOP BINDING PROTEIN 41 kDa (CSP41b), two proteins identified in plastid nucleoid preparations, are essential for proper plant embryo development. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2003). The COR413 gene family can be divided into two groups: plasma membrane proteins ( COR413-PM ) and thylakoid membrane proteins ( COR413-TM ), which target the plasma membrane and thylakoid membrane, respectively ( Breton et al. (bioscipublisher.com)
  • It may increase expression of viral proteins by acting as the DNA binding partner of a viral transactivator. (cancerindex.org)
  • It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (cancerindex.org)
  • Transcription factors, such as MEF2A, MYB or HNF1A, could have their activity modulated by mate consumption either by direct interaction with polyphenol metabolites or by interactions of metabolites with cell signalling proteins, like p38 or ERK1/2, that could modulate transcription factor activity and regulate expression of genes observed. (cambridge.org)
  • The mutants of multiple type-A ARR genes exhibit improved basal and acquired thermotolerance and, altered response to oxidative stress in our physiological analyses. (frontiersin.org)
  • The metabolomics analyses further reveal that the mutants accumulate higher amounts of α-and γ-tocopherols, which are important antioxidants for protection against oxidative damage. (frontiersin.org)
  • Growth rate analysis of prz1 knock-out mutants showed decreased mycelial growth on agar plates supplemented with CaCl2 or SDS. (slu.se)
  • The prin2.2 and csp41b-2 single mutants displayed pale phenotypes, abnormal chloroplasts with reduced transcript levels of photosynthesis genes and defects in embryo development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cfhos2 deletion mutants induced strong plant defense responses manifested by epidermal cell browning, granulation, and distortion of pathogen invasive hyphae. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the expression of an apple defense-related F-box protein was strongly induced by infection with Cfhos2 deletion mutants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The concept of mutation was coined by Hugo De Vries in 1901, whom worked with plants species of the genus Oenothera where he discovered some phenotypic hereditary characteristics that he coined as "mutations" and "mutants" to those individuals that have these phenotypic alterations. (intechopen.com)
  • Of the nearly 1,000 differentially-expressed genes identified in this study, expected patterns of gene expression observed for previously characterized genes and physiological processes indicated that resolution in our analysis was sufficient for identifying shifts in global gene expression. (usda.gov)
  • Here, we study gene body DNA methylation (gbM) and gene expression patterns in ecotypes from contrasting thermal environments of two marine plants with contrasting life history strategies in order to explore the potential role epigenetic mechanisms could play in gene plasticity and responsiveness to heat stress. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, the empirical determination of global DNA methylation (5-mC) showed patterns of intra and inter-specific divergence that suggests a link between methylation level and the plants' latitude of origin and life history. (nature.com)
  • The expression patterns of 16 randomly selected genes were in consistent with that from the Solexa analysis using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genes were selected based on their expression patterns during C. rosea in- vitro antagonism or in- vivo biocontrol and encode for the killer toxin-like chitinase CHIC1, the transcriptional regulator PRZ1 and a putative NLR-like receptor protein (NLRL). (slu.se)
  • The five genes exhibit different expression patterns in tissues and during larval development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, high throughput analyses have shown that the majority of the mammalian genome is differentially and dynamically transcribed during development to produce tens if not hundreds of thousands of short and long non-protein-coding RNAs that show highly specific expression patterns and subcellular locations. (blogspot.com)
  • and the regulation of the expression of enzyme-coding genes associated with important metabolic pathways. (oregonstate.edu)
  • KEGG analysis indicates that these genes were divided into significantly enriched metabolic pathways including phenylpropanoid, flavonoid/anthocyanin, isoflavonoid and lignin biosynthetic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, the down-regulation of HCT , IFS , HID , 7- IOMT , and I2'H genes provided an alternative mechanism for promoting anthocyanin accumulation via perturbation of lignin and isoflavone pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Garlic contains various bioactive compounds whose metabolic pathways, plant-pathogen interactions, defensive genes, identify interaction networks, and functional genomics were not previously predicted in the garlic at the genomic level. (springeropen.com)
  • We compared the ortholog gene family of the A. sativum transcriptome to A. thaliana , O. sativa , and Z. mays and found that 12,077 orthologous gene families are specific to A. sativum L. Furthermore, we identified genes involved in plant defense mechanisms, their protein-protein interaction network, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. (springeropen.com)
  • It also enabled us to discover integrated oxidative stress and NO homeostasis pathways that are differentially expressed in the tolerant ecotype. (inrae.fr)
  • All vitellogenin and eggshell protein genes were significantly down-regulated in LLR. (usda.gov)
  • Detailed analysis of three members of the stearoyl-ACP desaturase (sad) gene family by Northern blotting, in situ hybridization and RT-PCR showed that the same individual genes were expressed both in gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, although under different temporal regulation. (nih.gov)
  • These results suggest that, although the same genes may be expressed in the sporophytic tapetal cells and in gametophytic tissues, they are regulated differentially leading to the production of the various contrasting lipidic structures that are assembled together to give rise to a viable, fertile pollen grain. (nih.gov)
  • As one of the most toxic non-essential elements, Pb is readily absorbed by plant roots, then eventually transferred and accumulated in different tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GhFAD2-3 is ubiquitously and relatively highly expressed in all tissues analyzed, particularly in anthers. (researchsquare.com)
  • Flavonoids accumulate at specific stages and in specific tissues during flower and berry development, as a consequence of the timely expression of the genes necessary for their synthesis. (fmach.it)
  • Central to this investigation is an understanding of what gene products are required and expressed during a natural infection and how this expression changes over time (from initial colonization to causation of disease and spread of the pathogen to new hosts) and space (in different cells or tissues within the host). (cdc.gov)
  • RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 6 CRC patients was performed and functional lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed afterwards. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, RT-qPCR results verified the expression pattern of lncRNAs, as well as the relationships between lncRNAs and mRNAs in 60 pairs of CRC tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates MHC class II genes by binding to a promoter element referred to as an X box. (cancerindex.org)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • However, we now have a number of methods that allow identification of genes critical for survival in a host as well as methods that allow direct measurement of gene expression during interaction with a host. (cdc.gov)
  • The development of large-scale genomics of Senegalese sole has facilitated the identification of five different eEF1A genes, referred to as SseEF1A1 , SseEF1A2 , SseEF1A3 , SseEF1A4 , and Sse42Sp50 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phylogenetic and tissue expression analyses allowed for the identification of SseEF1A1 and SseEF1A2 as the Senegalese sole counterparts of mammalian eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 , respectively, and of Sse42Sp50 as the ortholog of Xenopus laevis and teleost 42Sp50 gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identification of genes differentially expressed in a resistant reaction to Mycosphaerella pinodes in pea using microarray technology. (mpg.de)
  • In the fall, a physiological change occurs and the buds will not grow even if they are separated from the above ground portion of the plant. (usda.gov)
  • Considered the distinct response to salt doses, genes either involved in severe or in extreme salt response could constitute useful markers of the physiological status of A. donax to deepen our understanding of its biology and productivity in salinized soil. (zenodo.org)
  • Our work demonstrated the importance of C18:2 and/or C18:3 in development of pollen exine and anther cuticle in cotton, and provided clue for further investigation of the physiological significance of the fatty acid composition in plant growth and development. (researchsquare.com)
  • One-third of the 471 genes predicted to encode transcription factors are differentially expressed during sexual development of S. commune. (nih.gov)
  • Then he brings up the ENCODE results and claims that they challenged the concept of a gene (not true). (blogspot.com)
  • The large portion of metabolic or catalysis genes with significant up-regulations indicated a substantial increase of catalytic or metabolic detoxification in LLR. (usda.gov)
  • The short and long of it: Shorter chromatographic analysis suffice for sample classification during UPLC-MS based metabolic fingerprinting. (uj.ac.za)
  • The normalised DGE data with barcode multiplexed indexing could then be successfully applied to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) together with an integration of phenotypic and metabolic hormone data. (uni-giessen.de)
  • In addition, Pb can stimulate the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, hence leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage in plant [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GO analysis indicated that oxidative stress, pathogen responses and nitric oxide homeostasis were the most differential characteristics of tolerant ecotype Bd2-3. (inrae.fr)
  • Expression Pattern Suggests a Role of MiR399 in the Regulation of the Cellular Response to Local Pi Increase During Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. (mpg.de)
  • Correlation analysis suggests that expression profile is inversely associated with gene expression profiles of patients with cardiometabolic disorders. (cambridge.org)
  • TU-treated larvae exhibited lower SseEF1A4 mRNA levels than untreated controls at both 11 and 15 days after treatment, whereas transcripts of the other four genes remained relatively unchanged. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GO analysis of differential transcripts was performed at phytozome.org Results: We identified commonly up-regulated genes (317) and exclusively up-regulated in Bd2-3 (466) or Bd21 (706). (inrae.fr)
  • Regarding down-regulation, 330 transcripts were common, an exclusively 851 and 1026 for Bd2-3 and Bd21, respectively. (inrae.fr)
  • Prior to RNA-Seq, gene expression studies were done with hybridization-based microarrays. (wikipedia.org)
  • Issues with microarrays include cross-hybridization artifacts, poor quantification of lowly and highly expressed genes, and needing to know the sequence a priori. (wikipedia.org)
  • This paper used new 23,000 element microarrays we developed for leafy spurge and cassava to identify nearly 1000 genes that were turned on or off as underground shoot buds of leafy spurge transitioned from summer to fall and then into winter. (usda.gov)
  • Using DNA microarrays, hepatic gene expression was analysed in apoE-deficient mice fed one of two isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diets containing either 10 % (w/w) olive oil or unsaponifiable fraction-enriched olive oil. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A second group of methods, which includes DNA microarrays and proteomics, have advantages that overcome the limitations implicit in signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo expression technology, namely, the ability to directly measure expression (gene or protein) levels on a true genome-wide scale, but their application to analysis of bacterial pathogens during real infections is still in its infancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Global gene expression, including protein coding and non-coding RNA profiles, was determined using microarrays. (cambridge.org)
  • Integration of smRNA and mRNA expression profiling identified a variety of processes that could be under microRNA control, e.g. protein modification, signaling, gene expression, and response to DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An endogenous artificial microRNA system for unraveling the function of root endosymbioses related genes in Medicago truncatula. (mpg.de)
  • Zhang et al cytokines, mediators and signals and closely related to demonstrated that microRNA let-7i was upregulated immune regulation. (cdc.gov)
  • Transcript levels of the sucrose transporter NtSUT1 and hexose transporter NtMST1 encoding genes increased significantly in the source leaves and roots of Vac-Inv lines, whereas increased NtMst1 transcript levels were also detected in the roots of Apo-Inv lines. (sun.ac.za)
  • This comparison allowed us to identify a particular MADS-box transcription factor related to the DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX genes from peach and hypothesize that it may play a direct role in dormancy induction and maintenance through regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T. (usda.gov)
  • Transcription of the genes involved in fatty acid utilization and peroxisome biogenesis is controlled by Ctf1-family Zn 2 Cys 6 type transcription factor Por1p in response to fatty acids in Y. lipolytica . (go.jp)
  • This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
  • In contrast, in developing microspores/pollen grains, maximal expression of the lipid marker genes sad, ear, acp and cyb5 was at the 3-5 mm bud stages, with the SAD and EAR gene products detected in 4-7 mm buds. (nih.gov)
  • This pattern of expression coincided with accumulation of the intracellular storage and membrane lipid components of pollen. (nih.gov)
  • Re-expression of PLIN5 S155A in the liver of Plin5 liver-specific null mice reduced lipolysis compared with wild-type PLIN5 re-expression, but was not associated with other changes in hepatic lipid metabolism. (uci.edu)
  • Among the panel, 3,696 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between the Pb treated (1000 mg/L) and untreated samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We assembled a transcriptome of 58,649 genes and determined differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 2992 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among which 317 and 1334 were up-regulated and 225 and 1116 were down-regulated in the bulk red-vs-bulk pink RNA pools and Y9102-vs-ZH12, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparative analyses of its 38.5-megabase genome, which encodes 13,210 predicted genes, reveal the species's unique wood-degrading machinery. (nih.gov)
  • The other two elongation factors, SseEF1A3 and SseEF1A4 , represent novel genes that are mainly expressed in gills and skin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In rice, studies on miR159 were either based upon genome-wide expression analyses focused upon responses to different nitrogen forms and abiotic stress or upon phenotypic studies of transgenic plants overexpressing its precursor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These differentially expressed genes are involved in plant growth regulation as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses. (dialog-gea.de)
  • Plant Defense Responses in Medicago truncatula Unveiled by Microarray Analysis. (mpg.de)
  • These factors include sugar transporters and invertases as well as metabolites, including sucrose and glucose, which function as signalling molecules to modulate gene expression. (sun.ac.za)
  • Genes involved in cold tolerance, response to hormones such as auxin, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid were turned on and off suggesting these hormones play a role in seasonal transitions. (usda.gov)
  • The significant expression difference of specific unigenes may account for Pb tolerance or accumulation in two different tall fescue cultivars. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C. rosea gene deletion strains were created through Agrobacterium- mediated transformation and screened for stress tolerance, in- vitro antagonism, and biocontrol efficiency for fusarium root rot disease. (slu.se)
  • Finally, many of the unigenes identified in the present study have the potential to be used for the development of A. donax varieties with improved productivity and stress tolerance, in particular the knock out of the GTL1 gene acting as negative regulator of water use efficiency has been proposed as good target for genome editing. (zenodo.org)
  • Future research programs can be focused on the development of transgenic plants with enhanced stress tolerance in field conditions based upon the outcome of genomic approaches and knowing the mystery of nucleotides sequences hidden in cells. (intechopen.com)
  • 6]de la Fuente J M, Ramirez-Rodriguez V, Cabrera-Ponce J L, Herrera-Estrella L. Aluminum tolerance in transgenic plants by alteration of citrate synthesis. (chinacrops.org)
  • Conclusions: The use of triplicate RNAseq data of transcriptomes expressed in ecotypes with contrasting tolerance to submergence under long-day light regime, allowed us to identify common responsive routes such as SUSY, glycolysis, anaerobic routes (alanine, ethanol, lactate, GABA) and glyoxylate cycle. (inrae.fr)
  • Comparison to other dormancy microarray studies indicated that nearly half of the genes identified in our study were also differentially expressed in at least two other plant species during dormancy transitions. (usda.gov)
  • Currently, more than 450 plant species have been identified as heavy metal accumulators. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene - An International Journal of Functional and Evolutionary Genomics. (uj.ac.za)
  • The DGE data presented in this study comprise a novel basis for further genetical genomics approaches, e.g. eQTL, gene isolation, functional validation, and development of gene expression markers (GEMs). (uni-giessen.de)
  • Only recently, miRNAs have been shown to be expressed in unicellular eukaryotes and algae, e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He believes that he and his colleagues have discovered a vast world of noncoding genes responsible for intricate gene regulation in complex eukaryotes. (blogspot.com)
  • The mammalian genome harbors only ∼20 000 protein-coding genes, similar in number and with largely orthologous functions as those in other animals, including simple nematodes. (blogspot.com)
  • The figure is supposed to show that by 2020 junk DNA had been eliminated and almost all of the mammalian genome is devoted to functional DNA-mostly in the form of noncoding genes. (blogspot.com)
  • As binding of miRNAs to a target mRNA may result in an airway inflammatory disease closely correlates with either mRNA degradation or inhibition of protein immune regulation, more and more evidences suggest translation.1 More than 2000 miRNAs have been discovered in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • In order to characterize the repertoire of endogenous smRNAs and potential gene targets in dinoflagellates, we conducted smRNA and mRNA expression profiling over 9 experimental treatments of cultures from Symbiodinium microadriaticum , a photosynthetic symbiont of scleractinian corals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene expression profiling of Medicago truncatula roots in response to the parasitic plant Orobanche crenata. (mpg.de)
  • Sternberg seems to think that redefining the gene shows that evolutionary biology is out of touch with reality. (blogspot.com)
  • Additionally, in this experiment, none of the created deletion strains performed differentially in biocontrol assays on wheat plants infected with F. graminearum. (slu.se)
  • A phylogenetic analysis of all the 55 predicted grapevine bZIP factors was performed. (fmach.it)
  • Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four PpCORs could be clustered into two subfamilies. (bioscipublisher.com)
  • Animal and plant genomes produce numerous small RNAs (smRNAs) that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally affecting metabolism, development, and epigenetic inheritance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MiR171h restricts root symbioses and shows like its target NSP2 a complex transcriptional regulation in Medicago truncatula. (mpg.de)
  • Forty-four vitellogenin and 23 eggshell protein (reproductive) genes were significantly down-regulated, and no such genes were up-regulated in LLR. (usda.gov)
  • Thirteen protease (digestive) genes were significantly down-regulated and only 3 protease genes were up-regulated in LLR. (usda.gov)
  • In higher plants, the microsomal oleate Δ12 -desaturase (fatty acid desaturase 2, FAD2) is a hydrophobic endoplasmic reticulum protein, catalyzing the reaction from monounsaturated oleic acid (C18:1) to polyunsaturated linoleic acid (C18:2) by introducing a double bond between the 12th and 13th carbon atoms of C18:1 [1]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)
  • The genetic transformation of plants and the subsequent development of transgenic lines with disturbed sugar metabolism have made an unprecedented impact on the study of sugar translocation and -partitioning. (sun.ac.za)
  • Histone-modifying enzymes, which regulate eukaryotic chromatin conformation and gene expression, are key epigenetic factors controlling fungal development, virulence, and secondary metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • nlrl was the only gene deletion strain that affected F. graminearum growth in dual culture interaction, compared to wild type. (slu.se)
  • 2009), revealed that VvbZIP binds to the promoters of VvCHS, VvFLS1, VvANR genes activating their transcription, likely through the interaction with other co-factors such as MYBF1 and MYBPA1. (fmach.it)
  • microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators in plant growth and development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-24 nucleotides (nt) long and widely exist as gene regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altering expression of miRNAs can result in multiple visible phenotypes of a plant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miRNAs are assumed to occur at a frequency of approximately 1% - 2% of the total number of genes in the genome of an organism [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DC demonstrated that miRNAs participate in airway maturation, while downregulation of let-7i significantly inflammatory regulation in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • The cis-acting elements analysis of PpCORs promoter showed that PpCOR3 contained abundant abiotic stress responsive and hormone responsive elements such as jasmonate and abscisic acid. (bioscipublisher.com)
  • ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In most plants the efficiency of sucrose production and the systemic distribution thereof are the major determinants of growth, development and yield. (sun.ac.za)
  • Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumor triggered by the accumulation of multiple gene mutations in oral epithelial cells. (techscience.com)
  • Further analysis from the RNA-seq data showed that the decreased cell divisions in STTM159 transgenic plants may result, at least partly from the lower expression of the genes involved in cell cycle and hormone homeostasis, which provides new insights of rice miR159-specific functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, a similar strategy of transgenic plant analysis was employed to expand our insight into the regulation of sugar partitioning. (sun.ac.za)
  • The yeast-invertase Suc2 gene, from Saccharomyces cere visiae , was overexpressed in either the cytosol, vacuole or apoplast of transgenic tobacco plants. (sun.ac.za)
  • Transgenic lines overproducing the yeast-derived invertase in either the vacuole (Vac-Inv) or apoplast (Apo-Inv) were utilised to analyse the effect of the altered sugar levels in sink and source organs on the expression of sugar transporters, as well as the endogenous cell wall invertase and inhibitors in these plants. (sun.ac.za)
  • The PEP enzyme recognizes the -10 and -35 cis -elements, similar to those found in bacterial promoters whereas the NEP enzyme recognizes the YRTA-motif, which can also be found upstream of several genes with PEP promoters indicating that these genes can be transcribed by both polymerases ( Pfannschmidt and Liere, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Microarray analysis of hepatic genes differentially expressed in the presence of the unsaponifiable fraction of olive oil in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Microarray analysis of 6,688 genes revealed 329 up- and 333 down-regulated (=2-fold) genes in LLR. (usda.gov)
  • The transition from vegetative growth to flowering is a crucial developmental change for flowering plants. (nature.com)