Analysis recombination chromosomes. Medical search. Frequent questions

In 1911, after observing that linked traits could on occasion be inherited separately, Thomas Hunt Morgan suggested that "crossovers" can occur between linked genes, where one of the linked genes physically crosses over to a different chromosome. (wikipedia.org)

Prior to the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine to ensure their proper disjunction at anaphase I. Additionally, telomeres tethered at the nuclear envelope cluster in the bouquet configuration where they are subjected to dramatic pulling forces acting from outside of the nucleus. (biorxiv.org)
The authors deliberately induced a single DSB in one of the homologous chromosomes in a diploid yeast strain and achieved homologous recombination-based "loss of heterozygosity" events within 20 kb of the target site. (life-science-alliance.org)
In meiosis I, the distinguishing event of meiosis, pairs (bivalents) of homologous chromosomes in the form of sister chromatids are paired by synapsis along their regions of homologous DNA (Yang and Wang 2009), and then segregated, resulting in haploid daughters containing sister chromatids paired at their centromeres (Cohen et al. (reactome.org)

Analysis of markers on chromosome 19q gave a peak pairwise LOD score of 3.72 at D19S420, allowing assignment of a novel ADPHSP locus (which we have termed "SPG12") to this region. (nih.gov)
Haplotype construction and analysis of recombination events narrowed the SPG12 locus to a 16.1-cM region between markers D19S868 and D19S902. (nih.gov)
recombination fraction [straight theta] 0 at locus D15S206 ). (medscape.com)
Recombinant marker haplotypes were detected in the two RIL and the DH populations with different recombination rates depending on the locus and the population. (usda.gov)
The sex is principally determined by genotype in all species, but the mechanisms range from a single controlling locus to sex chromosomes bearing several linked loci required for sex determination. (researchgate.net)
To resolve phylogenetic relationships among ries of bacterial clonal complexes by using concatenated isolates, we sequenced 68 isolates from Europe and North sequences of housekeeping genes when within-loci and America at 1 chromosomal locus (16S-23S ribosomal RNA between-loci recombinations are infrequent ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
The authors recently mapped a susceptibility locus for autism to chromosome region 2q24-q33 (MIM number 606053). (neurotransmitter.net)
The earliness per se locus Eps-A(m)1 was recently mapped within a 0.8 cM interval on chromosome 1A(m)L of diploid wheat Triticum monococcum L., and it was shown that its effect was modulated by temperature. (cas.cz)
Experiments using NILs homozygous for chromosomes with recombination events within the 0.8 cM Eps-A(m)1 region showed that the differences in number of spikelets per spike were linked to the differences in heading time controlled by the Eps-A(m)1 locus. (cas.cz)
Recombination within the human embryonic xi-globin locus: a common xi-xi chromosome produced by gene conversion of the psi xi gene. (ox.ac.uk)
Therefore, it remains possible that STS deficiency is not always necessary for X-linked ichthyosis, which also may result from a mutational event at an X-chromosome site not linked genetically to the STS locus. (medscape.com)
The large deletions of the STS gene are generated by inaccurate recombination at the STS locus. (medscape.com)

Homologous recombination also produces new combinations of DNA sequences during meiosis, the process by which eukaryotes make gamete cells, like sperm and egg cells in animals. (wikipedia.org)
Building on studies in fungi, in 1964 Robin Holliday proposed a model for recombination in meiosis which introduced key details of how the process can work, including the exchange of material between chromosomes through Holliday junctions. (wikipedia.org)
Chromosome segregation errors during meiosis are the leading cause of birth defects and developmental delays in humans ( H assold and H unt 2001 ). (biorxiv.org)
Chromosome axis organization is complex during meiosis, when DNA repair needs to be coordinated with homology searching and synapsis. (bham.ac.uk)
For the first time, we report that TOPII and chromosome movement collaborate in interlock resolution during meiosis, confirming predictions from decades ago. (bham.ac.uk)
Recombination between homologous sequences is a fundamentally important process both in meiosis and in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)
Finally we are interested in comparing how recombination occurs in mitosis and in meiosis. (brandeis.edu)
The first type is defined by the resulting unviable or infertile hybrids while the second type is characterized by the production of fertile hybrids but which do not undergo chromosomal recombination during meiosis. (nature.com)
The unique chromosome dynamics of meiosis have fascinated scientists for well over a century, but in recent years there has been a proliferation of new data concerning the pairing, recombination, and segregation of chromosomes. (nhbs.com)
In 'Meiosis', expert researchers explore recent advances in three main areas, including: quantitative genetic methods for analysis of homologous recombination and chromosome pairing, development of direct physical assays for DNA intermediates and products of recombination, and cytological methods for characterizing chromosome behaviors and the patterns by which specific proteins associate with meiotic chromosomes. (nhbs.com)
Meiosis: Volume 1, Molecular and Genetic Methods' details methods for culturing and manipulating commonly used model organisms and protocols for detecting and quantifying meiotic recombination events through genetic and physical analysis of DNA-DNA or Protein-DNA interactions. (nhbs.com)
Comprehensive and cutting edge, 'Meiosis: Volume 1, Molecular and Genetic Methods' is an essential guidebook, providing up-to-date and critical new protocols for the study of meiotic chromosome dynamics. (nhbs.com)
Analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved in chromatin dynamics, homologous recombination, and chromosome segregation during meiosis will elucidate causes for infertility and birth defects as a result of aneuploidy. (upenn.edu)
During meiosis the replicated chromosomes of a single diploid cell are segregated into 4 haploid daughter cells by two successive divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. (reactome.org)
Recombination between chromosomal homologues but not between sister chromatids occurs during prophase of meiosis I (Inagaki et al. (reactome.org)
Studies in our lab are focused on the regulation of meiosis in mammals, with special emphasis on how meiotic recombination is controlled. (cornell.edu)
In addition to the study of meiotic mutants, our lab is also interested in the identification of key protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions during mouse meiosis in order to understand how recombination events are regulated, monitored and resolved. (cornell.edu)
We hypothesize that the MMR pathway, as well as other DNA repair proteins such as members of the Fanconi Anemia pathway, play an essential role in directing appropriate recombination events during meiosis. (cornell.edu)
In addition to our studies of meiotic recombination, we are also interested in the unique transcriptional silencing mechanisms that exist during prophase I of meiosis. (cornell.edu)
In particular, the silencing of the sex chromosomes is a hallmark of mammalian meiosis, and yet its function and mechanism remains poorly understood. (cornell.edu)

This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)
The more similar the chromosomes (the genome and epigenome as well as chromosome number) the more likely hybrids will form and reproduce but also the more likely the net result will only be the introgression of genetic material from one species to the other. (carnivorousplants.org)
Four partial amphiploids (lines 784, 68, 7430, and 40767-1) have an incomplete St genome, i.e., six pairs of chromosomes of St and one pair of chromosomes from Ee or Eb. (unboundmedicine.com)
These results indicate that genome recombination usually occurred during the formation of new polyploid lines. (unboundmedicine.com)
We sequenced and constructed the complete genome of an environmental strain CR1 of P. aeruginosa and performed the comparative genomic analysis. (frontiersin.org)
This chromosome map is useful for genome studies of wheat and its relatives while the wheat lines carrying the chromosome segments from tall wheatgrass are a valuable genetic resource for wheat improvement. (usda.gov)
Analysis of the ~7.1-Mb genome provides insight into this strain's biosynthetic potential, means of regulation, and response to coculturing conditions. (pacb.com)
To provide a service platform combining the capacity of generating, on a large-scale basis, mutations in the mouse genome with high-throughput and comprehensive phenotypic analysis of the model. (igbmc.fr)

Genetic loci for autosomal dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegia (ADPHSP) have been mapped to chromosomes 2p, 8q, 12q, 14q, and 15q. (nih.gov)
[ 10 ] Assuming complete penetrance, haplotype analysis of recombination events defined an interval of 10 centimorgans between loci D15S1023 and D15S979 . (medscape.com)
Recombination frequencies using previously mapped loci allowed assignment of the 5'DI gene to mouse chromosome 4 and identified its approximate chromosomal position. (jci.org)
To this end we have expressed the site-specific HO endonuclease in meiotic cells so that we can compare recombination events at the same loci where we have used HO to stimulate recombination in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)
Evidence of intralocus recombination at the Glu-3 loci in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. (usda.gov)
These proteins are encoded by multigene families located at the orthologous Glu-3 loci (Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3), on the short arm of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. (usda.gov)
In this study, the presence of intralocus recombination at the Glu-3 loci was investigated in two bread wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations and one doubled haploid (DH) population, all segregating for the Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 loci. (usda.gov)

The events of meiotic prophase follow a specialized round of DNA replication when the meiotic chromosome axis is formed. (biorxiv.org)
Analysis of the first TOPII mutants described in plants also revealed a link with HR. Chromosome replication, condensation and segregation phenotypes were consistent with previous studies of TOPII in other organisms. (bham.ac.uk)
We are interested in understanding at the molecular level how recombination occurs and what roles are played by the many proteins involved in DNA recombination, repair and replication. (brandeis.edu)
We are interested in determining what are the specific biochemical roles played by the many proteins implicated in DNA recombination, repair and replication. (brandeis.edu)
This is the process we have studied most intensively, but we are also interested in an alternative process known as break-induced replication (BIR), where only one end of a chromosome break locates a template sequence and assembles a complete replication fork and can copy sequences to the end of a chromosome, producing a nonreciprocal translocation. (brandeis.edu)
Molecular Biology: Advanced Topics in Eukaryotes (Ba3 - BSc in Molecular Biotechnology): this course aims at confronting the student with the fundamental principles of molecular biology in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and zooms in on the structure-function relationship of DNA and chromosomes with regards to replication, transcription, translation and gene regulation. (ugent.be)
Replication studies in the mother and daughter showed a skewed X inactivation pattern in lymphocytes, with the normal X chromosome preferentially inactivated. (bmj.com)

Informed by more than 50 years experience and experimentation in teaching genetics, authors Mark Sanders and John Bowman share their excitement about genetics and the dynamism at work in the field with Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach . (biggerbooks.com)
With each edition, An Introduction to Genetic Analysis (IGA) evolves discovery by discovery with the world of genetic research, taking students from the foundations of Mendelian genetics to the latest findings and applications by focusing on the landmark experiments that define the field. (worldscience.co.kr)

Since their dysfunction has been strongly associated with increased susceptibility to several types of cancer, the proteins that facilitate homologous recombination are topics of active research. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of these proteins on meiotic DNA topology and axis morphology, and their implications for homologous recombination (HR) in Arabidopsis thaliana. (bham.ac.uk)
Each chromosome consists of one very long molecule of DNA twisted around proteins. (carnivorousplants.org)
The identified proteins were subjected to subsequent bioinformatics analysis using the DAVID database. (molvis.org)
In prokaryotes, this process has been proposed to involve the RecN protein, a member of the structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein family, which include key eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins such as cohesin, condensin, and Rad50. (rcsb.org)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

I-SceI) to cut chromosomes for genetic engineering of mammalian cells, where nonhomologous recombination is more frequent than in yeast. (wikipedia.org)
26 ) leveraged the CRISPR-Cas9 system to produce other chromosomal rearrangements, generating targeted mitotic recombination events in yeast to enable the fine mapping of trait variants. (life-science-alliance.org)
Additional reports suggest that recombination in mitotic cells is not restricted to yeast but may also occur in other species such as houseflies ( 27 ) and tomatoes ( 28 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
Although hybrids of these two species inherit three chromosomes from each parent, the majority of spores (the yeast equivalent of sperm) that these hybrids produce fail to develop into new yeast cells. (elifesciences.org)

In a heptaploid individual of the partial amphiploid 40767-2, there were four pairs of St chromosomes, one pair of St/1B Robertsonian translocation chromosomes, one pair of St/E translocation chromosomes, and one pair of Ee or Eb chromosomes. (unboundmedicine.com)
To investigate the possibility that a novel candidate gene for XLMR was disrupted at the X chromosome translocation breakpoint, we mapped the breakpoint using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). (bmj.com)
Intriguingly, we found that the X chromosome breakpoint in the daughter could not be defined by a single breakpoint spanning genomic clone and further analysis showed a 650 kb submicroscopic duplication between DXS7067 and DXS7060 on either side of the X chromosome translocation breakpoint. (bmj.com)

We find that chromosomal rearrangements and related recombination defects are major but not sole causes of hybrid infertility. (elifesciences.org)

At least three distinct meiotic drive alleles, one on each S. kambucha chromosome, independently contribute to hybrid infertility by causing nonrandom spore death. (elifesciences.org)

The discovery of genes for homologous recombination in protists-a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms-has been interpreted as evidence that homologous recombination emerged early in the evolution of eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)

A . Schematic of the bouquet configuration of chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. The spatial arrangement of chromosomes with telomeres clustered and attached at the inner nuclear membrane is shown. (biorxiv.org)

Haplotype analysis refined the interval containing the genetic defect, to a 3-cM interval between D6S1705 and D6S1656. (duke.edu)
This haplotype analysis excludes a number of striated muscle-expressed genes present in this region, including laminin alpha2, laminin alpha4, triadin, and phospholamban. (duke.edu)

This has facilitated homoeologous recombination-based partitioning and engineering of their genomes for physical mapping and alien introgression. (usda.gov)
elongatum chromosome 3E and homozygous for the ph1b mutant, to induce 3B-3E homoeologous recombination. (usda.gov)
Totally, 81 3B-3E recombinants were recovered and detected in the primary, secondary, and tertiary homoeologous recombination cycles by FGISH. (usda.gov)
Additionally, we developed 22 SNP-derived semi-thermal asymmetric reverse PCR (STARP) markers specific for chromosome 3E and constructed a comparative map of homoeologous chromosomes 3E, 3B, 3A, and 3D. (usda.gov)

Abstract Genomic analysis of many non-model species has uncovered an incredible diversity of sex chromosome systems, making it possible to empirically test the rich body of evolutionary theory that describes each stage of sex chromosome evolution. (uncommondescent.com)
Despite many convergent genomic patterns exhibited by independently evolved sex chromosome systems, and many case studies supporting these theoretical predictions, emerging data provide numerous interesting exceptions to these long-standing theories, and suggest that the remarkable diversity of sex chromosomes is matched by a similar diversity in their evolution. (uncommondescent.com)
We have identified chromosomes with a xi 2-xi 1 rather than a xi 2-psi xi 1 arrangement by genomic mapping and oligonucleotide analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
Genomic cluster analysis indicated recent expansions. (cdc.gov)

In mammals recombination events are required between homologues for normal pairing, synapsis, and segregation. (reactome.org)

To track differentiating cell populations, reporter cell lines generated by homologous recombination (knock-in) or via BAC transgenes have been widely used in mouse cells (5-8 ). (lu.se)

Both homologous recombination, in which the ends of the broken DNA seek out intact templates with the same sequence, and nonhomologous end-joining pathways are found in Saccharomyces as they are in humans. (brandeis.edu)
This "in vivo biochemistry" approach has enabled us to demonstrate that there are in fact several independent, competing pathways of homologous recombination, each with its own genetic requirements. (brandeis.edu)

Classic theory predicts that sex chromosomes originate from a pair of homologous autosomes and recombination between them is suppressed via inversions to resolve sexual conflict. (uncommondescent.com)
Mules are infertile because they inherit 32 chromosomes from their horse parent, but only 31 chromosomes from their donkey parent-and so have an odd chromosome that they cannot pair-off when they make sperm or egg cells. (elifesciences.org)

We have shown that the invasion of DNA strands into a donor template region requires the action of the chromatin remodeling protein Rad54 that enables the recombination machinery to gain access to "closed" regions of DNA. (brandeis.edu)

Southern analyses using a 5'DI probe identified a restriction fragment length variant that segregated with 5'DI activity in 33 of 35 recombinant inbred strains derived from four different pairs of high and low activity parental strains. (jci.org)
Of the seven partial amphiploids isolated from backcrossed progenies of Triticum aestivum x Thinopyrum ponticum hybrids, two (lines 693 and 7631) have eight pairs of chromosomes from the Ee and (or) Eb genomes. (unboundmedicine.com)
For example, it is clear that sex chromosome pairs are not always derived from homologous autosomes. (uncommondescent.com)
Also, both the cause and mechanism of recombination suppression between sex chromosome pairs remain unclear, and it may be that the spread of recombination suppression is a more gradual process than previously thought. (uncommondescent.com)

Chromosomes and hybrids. (carnivorousplants.org)
The fate of plant hybrids in nature depends very much on the compatibility of the chromosomes of the parents, which parent is the seed parent, and the exact circumstances of the event. (carnivorousplants.org)
The more different the chromosomes of the hybrids are the more likely hybridization will result in a speciation event. (carnivorousplants.org)

However, conclusive data of such recombination events in higher eukaryotes are lacking. (life-science-alliance.org)
Here, we show that in Drosophila , the detected Cas9-mediated editing events frequently resulted in germline-transmitted exchange of chromosome arms-often without indels. (life-science-alliance.org)
Using synchronized cells undergoing recombination that is initiated at a specific site on a chromosome by an inducible endonuclease, we use physical monitoring techniques (Southern blots, PCR analysis) to follow the sequence of molecular events that occur in real time. (brandeis.edu)
2010). Though hundreds of recombination events are initiated, most are resolved without crossovers and only tens proceed to become crossovers. (reactome.org)
Failure to control the timing and frequency of recombination events results in mis-segregation, or non-disjunction, of chromosomes that results in embryos that are either not viable (resulting in miscarriage) or in offspring with genetic disorders such as trisomy 21, or Down syndrome. (cornell.edu)
Rag-1 and Rag-2 and initiation of Ig recombination events [7]. (lu.se)

Homologous recombination is widely used by cells to accurately repair harmful DNA breaks that occur on both strands of DNA, known as double-strand breaks (DSB), in a process called homologous recombinational repair (HRR). (wikipedia.org)

maximum LOD score [Z(max)] 4.99 at maximum recombination fraction [theta(max)] .00), identifying FDC-CDM as a genetically distinct disease. (duke.edu)

Conserved linkage between this segment of mouse chromosome 4 and human HSA1p predicts this location for human Dio1. (jci.org)

So once again, lets see who believes in miracles: "Sex chromosomes are derived from autosomes and have evolved independently many times in different lineages. (uncommondescent.com)

We have shown that this regulation involves the action of a small Recombination Enhancer (RE) sequence that enables a donor on the left chromosome arm to recombine preferentially in MATa cells. (brandeis.edu)

The 3B-3E recombinants were genotyped by high-throughput wheat 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and their recombination breakpoints physically mapped based on the FGISH patterns and SNP results. (usda.gov)

Characterisation of breakpoints in patients with apparently balanced constitutional chromosome rearrangements and phenotypic abnormalities has proved an invaluable strategy for identifying disease causing genes, especially those on the X chromosome. (bmj.com)

Homologous recombination is also used in horizontal gene transfer to exchange genetic material between different strains and species of bacteria and viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Chromosome number could be but is not considered a defining attribute of a taxonomic species. (carnivorousplants.org)
Chromosome number is not an effective feature in the definition of biological species either although differences in chromosome number can produce different biological species. (carnivorousplants.org)
In spite of our lack of attention to chromosomes and chromosome numbers in formally defining species, it is the chromosomes and the genetic material they contain that define true species and control the evolution of new species. (carnivorousplants.org)
Drosera can have anywhere from 8 to 80 chromosomes depending on the species. (carnivorousplants.org)
There are two factors related to chromosomes and species that work separately and together to make life interesting. (carnivorousplants.org)
as mentioned in the article above, sex chromosomes evolved multiple times, independently in various species ( by random unguided natural process) i am sure, that very few lay people even know, that this is what scientists seriously claim in their evolutionary theory. (uncommondescent.com)
One strategy to broaden the genetic diversity of wheat is to induce genetic exchange or recombination between wheat chromosomes and their-related chromosomes from wild relative species. (usda.gov)

Homologous recombination that occurs during DNA repair tends to result in non-crossover products, in effect restoring the damaged DNA molecule as it existed before the double-strand break. (wikipedia.org)

Due to the complexity of these chromosomal regions and the high sequence similarity between different LMW-GS genes, their genetic organization and recombination characteristics are still incompletely understood. (usda.gov)

The terminal regions of human chromosomes are known to contain specialised DNA sequences and may be vulnerable to rearrangements causing human genetic diseases and particularly idiopathic mental impairment. (bmj.com)

The 3B-3E recombination physically partitioned chromosome 3B into 38 bins, and 429 SNPs were assigned to the distinct bins. (usda.gov)
These results were consistent in analyses that excluded SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium. (biomedcentral.com)
Evidence for linkage was supported by linkage analysis with the two SNPs, with a maximal multipoint nonparametric linkage score of 1.57 and a maximal multipoint heterogeneity lod score of 2.11. (neurotransmitter.net)

Silver Age of GOLD Introduces New Features The Genomes OnLine Database makes curated microbiome metadata that follows community standards freely available and enables large-scale comparative genomics analysis initiatives. (doe.gov)
Comparative analysis of Ralstonia solanacearum methylomes. (pacb.com)
Sequencing of R. solanacearum strains GMI1000 and UY031 using Single Molecule Real-Time technology allowed us to perform a comparative analysis of R. solanacearum methylomes. (pacb.com)
I study these processes in the field, in the greenhouse, and through comparative (meta-)analyses. (lu.se)

DSBs are repaired in a stepwise manner by homologous recombination. (rcsb.org)

3.0: hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1 (HCLS1), Kelch domain-containing 6 (KLHDC6), sarcoglycan delta (SGCD), KIAA1706 protein (KIAA1706), RNA guanylyltransferase and 5′-phosphatase (RNGTT), chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), chromosome 9 open reading frame 52 (C9orf52), and plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR). (molvis.org)
In humans, the CRYAA gene encodes a 173 amino acid residue protein by single copy genes located on chromosome 21. (molvis.org)
An extensive high- and low-resolution structural analysis of Deinococcus radiodurans RecN using a combination of protein crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering enabled us to assemble a quasi-atomic model of the entire RecN protein, representing the complete structure of a SMC-like protein. (rcsb.org)

This region escapes X-chromosome inactivation and has the highest ratio of chromosomal deletions among all genetic disorders. (medscape.com)

In 1947, the microbiologist Joshua Lederberg showed that bacteria-which had been assumed to reproduce only asexually through binary fission-are capable of genetic recombination, which is more similar to sexual reproduction. (wikipedia.org)

An important aim is to bring insight into gene structure, recombination, gene expression and gene regulation, including the differences between pro-and eukaryotes. (ugent.be)

As a result of the deletion of part of chromosome 7, some people with this condition are missing one copy of the NCF1 gene in each cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Chromosomal alterations are also common and include loss of CDKN2A/B through chromosome 9 deletion in 50% to 60% of non-ETP T-ALL patients. (medscape.com)

Isolates showing evidence for plasmid-chromosome recombination. (cdc.gov)

A similar effect on spikelet number was detected in the distal region of chromosome 1AL in common wheat (T. aestivum L. (cas.cz)
The STS gene has been mapped to the distal part of the short arm of the X chromosome (band Xp22.3). (medscape.com)

Our study involved 33 patients with a "pure" partial 22q13 monosomy, with exclusion of all rearrangements involving loss or gain of euchromatic material from any other chromosome than number 22. (bmj.com)
3- 6 Phenotypic abnormalities seen in cases with apparently balanced chromosome rearrangements have usually been explained by the disruption of a gene at the breakpoint causing the loss of gene function. (bmj.com)

In human dividing cells 46 chromosomes can be observed. (carnivorousplants.org)
Members of the apolipoprotein gene cluster (APOA1/C3/A4/A5) on human chromosome 11q23 play an important role in lipid metabolism. (doe.gov)
18- 21 Xq28 is a highly gene rich region of the human X chromosome and we focused on the X chromosome breakpoint as the identification of a disrupted gene here would be a rapid way to identify a further candidate gene for X linked mental retardation within Xq28. (bmj.com)
We provide detailed protocols for lentiviral transduction, neural differentiation, and subsequent analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)

It was not until the early 20 th century that it was demonstrated that chromosomes contain the material of hereditary and it took until the middle 20 th century to determine that DNA in chromosomes was the principle coding molecule of heredity. (carnivorousplants.org)

We identified six regions on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 7, 11 and 14 as candidates to contain genes involved in breast cancer susceptibility, and additional fine mapping genotyping using microsatellite markers around linkage peaks confirmed five of them, excluding the region on chromosome 3. (biomedcentral.com)

Duplications of chromosome region 15q11q13 often occur as a supernumerary chromosome 15. (nih.gov)
The NCF1 gene is located in a region of chromosome 7 that is often deleted in people with Williams syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)

Finally, the remarkable turnover of sex chromosomes in many systems, as well as variation in the rate of sex chromosome divergence, suggest that assumptions about the inevitable linearity of sex chromosome evolution are not always empirically supported, and the drivers of the birth-death cycle of sex chromosome evolution remain to be elucidated. (uncommondescent.com)

Isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing employing low range agar diffusion and PBP2x variants were subjected to phylogenetic analyses. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy57

Organisms9

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes170

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Linked genes1

Homologous chromosomes3

Locus12

Meiosis20

Genome8

Loci7

Replication7

Genetics2

Proteins6

Yeast4

Translocation3

Chromosomal rearrangements1

Alleles1

Eukaryotic1

Meiotic prophase1

Haplotype analysis2

Homoeologous4

Genomic4

Synapsis1

Populations1

Pathways2

Pair2

Chromatin1

Pairs4

Hybrids3

Events6

Double-strand breaks1

Theta1

Predicts1

Autosomes1

Preferentially1

Polymorphism1

Breakpoints1

Species8

Occurs1

Organization1

Sequences1

SNPs3

Comparative4

DSBs1

Protein3

Inactivation1

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Gene Expression1

Deletion2

Evidence1

Distal2

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Human4

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