Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalAnalgesicsAnalgesics, OpioidInflammationOkadaic AcidLipopolysaccharidesTranscription Factor RelATumor Necrosis Factor-alphaInflammation MediatorsAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticI-kappa B KinaseI-kappa B ProteinsNF-kappa BInterleukin-1SteroidsTetradecanoylphorbol AcetateMacrophagesCells, CulturedSpirostansAnalgesiaGene Expression RegulationPainPain MeasurementSaponinsGlycosidesMorphinePain, PostoperativeDiosgeninTramadolTomatineLiliaceaeSolanaceous AlkaloidsMolecular StructurePhenacetinChlormadinone AcetatePregnanesAcetaminophenPlant ExtractsRhizomeCynanchumAndrostanesEstrogen AntagonistsMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyDextropropoxypheneDracaenaSmilaxBuxaceaeSolanumDrug ToleranceDioscoreaStereoisomerismAlliumAromatase InhibitorsWithanolidesDose-Response Relationship, DrugCodeineAnti-Inflammatory AgentsPain ThresholdTestolactoneHolarrhenaEstradiolAnemarrhenaHydroxysteroidsCarrageenanDiclofenacMolecular ConformationMeperidineFentanylEdemaPentazocineAsparagus PlantPain ManagementReceptors, Opioid, muOxycodoneAnesthetics, LocalDipyroneHyperalgesiaSpectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom BombardmentInjections, SpinalSolanum nigrumAlveolectomyBupivacaineAnalgesia, EpiduralNaloxoneDouble-Blind MethodAndrostenesWithaniaAnalgesia, Patient-ControlledAgaveOphiopogonPlants, MedicinalChloroquinolinolsTrilliumTropaeolaceaeGestrinonePhytosterolsHemolytic AgentsConvallariaKetoprofenAndrostanols