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AmphibiansInsectsChromosomesChromosome MappingChromosome BandingX ChromosomeChytridiomycotaChromosome AberrationsSex ChromosomesChromosomes, Human, Pair 1Chromosomes, HumanChromosomes, BacterialChromosome SegregationChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Insect ProteinsChromosomes, Human, Pair 11Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6Chromosome DeletionChromosomes, Human, Pair 9Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21Chromosomes, PlantChromosomes, FungalAmphibian ProteinsChromosomes, Human, 6-12 and XChromosomes, Human, Pair 2Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16Molecular Sequence DataChromosomes, Human, Pair 22Chromosome PairingChromosomes, MammalianChromosomes, Human, Pair 13Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4RanidaeChromosomes, Human, Pair 10Chromosomes, Human, YChromosomes, Human, Pair 8Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19AnuraChromosome DisordersChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialChromosomes, Human, XChromosomes, Human, 1-3Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12Chromosome PaintingChromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15KaryotypingBufonidaeChromosomes, Human, Pair 14Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18In Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceChromosomes, Human, 16-18Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20Base SequenceChromosomes, Artificial, YeastLarvaGenetic LinkageChromosomes, Human, 13-15Chromosome BreakageChromosomes, Human, 21-22 and YGenes, InsectUrodelaSalamandridaeRing ChromosomesGenetic MarkersChromosome InversionChromosome PositioningAmino Acid SequenceChromosomes, Human, 4-5Insect VirusesMetamorphosis, BiologicalAmbystomaRanavirusX Chromosome InactivationChromosomes, InsectCloning, MolecularMeiosisPhylogenyAmbystoma mexicanumCentromereXenopus laevisReptilesTriturusMothsTranslocation, GeneticSpecies SpecificityHybrid CellsMitosisAmphibian VenomsChromosome StructuresChromosomes, Human, 19-20AneuploidyGenome, InsectMetaphaseMutationRecombination, GeneticEvolution, MolecularInsect HormonesBufo arenarum
Sets of chromosomesBirdsMammalsGenomeDiploidChromatinFishesHumansLampbrushSpidersHomologousBacteriaChromomeresNucleusArthropodaSnakesOrganizationGeneTadpolesPhylogeneticGenusSpeciesMicrobiomeFoundGeneticDeterminationBodiesKaryotypesHostsFishEggsAbnormalityTransformPlantsOrganismsCreaturesAnimalsStructureIndividualEvolutionDifferencesCellResearchRegionTotalMaleSmallExistSpecific
Sets of chromosomes3
  • Euploidy is a condition in which an organism possesses one or more full sets of chromosomes. (biologyideas.com)
  • This means it has two sets of chromosomes, making it a great model organism for genetics research. (jaljeev.com)
  • Animals are generally considered to be multicellular organisms that are capable of locomotion in response to their environment (motile), are required to ingest or eat and swallow other organisms to gain proper nutrition (heterotropic), contain within each cell genetic material organized as two sets of chromosomes within a membrane-bound nucleus ( eukaryotic ), develop through a blastula (hollow ball) stage, and integrate muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and collagen into their body. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Birds8
Mammals3
  • Lampbrush chromosome are a special form of chromosome found in the growing oocytes (immature eggs) of most animals, except mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • In all mammals and most insects the male gamete has either an X or a Y chromosome, half the sperms carrying the X chromosome and half the Y chromosome. (britishcheloniagroup.org.uk)
  • [ 1 ] T cruzi mostly is found in blood-sucking triatomine insects (kissing bugs) and small mammals in a sylvatic cycle that is enzootic from the southern and southwestern United States to central Argentina and Chile. (medscape.com)
Genome4
  • Giant chromosomes in the lampbrush form are useful model for studying chromosome organization, genome function and gene expression during meiotic prophase, since they allow the individual transcription units to be visualized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gaginskaya E, Kulikova T, Krasikova A (2009) Avian Lampbrush Chromosomes: a Powerful Tool for Exploration of Genome Expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aneuploidy may be hypoploidy (loss of one chromosome from a genome) or hyperdiploid (one or more chromosomes extra in a set of chromosomes). (biologyideas.com)
  • In this condition, a pair of chromosomes is less in the genome i.e. 2n - 2. (biologyideas.com)
Diploid5
  • Among the analyzed specimens, a large degree of cytogenetic variation related to diploid numbers and karyotype structure was observed, with karyotypes showing 2n=42, 44 and 46 chromosomes. (scielo.br)
  • Also, the analyses indicate that chromosomal rearrangements occurred independently within the distinct lineages of S . marmoratus complex, which resulted in the appearance of distinct karyotypic variants in a non-linear fashion related to diploid numbers and in the appearance of similar non-homologous chromosomes. (scielo.br)
  • Aneuploidy is a condition in which there is the addition or deletion of one or more chromosomes in a diploid set of chromosomes. (biologyideas.com)
  • It causes due to non-disjunction of chromosomes e.g. in humans, 46 chromosome is a diploid condition. (biologyideas.com)
  • The gray treefrog is a tetraploid species, with twice the number of chromosomes as the diploid Cope's gray treefrog. (wildlifedepartment.com)
Chromatin2
Fishes1
Humans6
  • In humans, mutations on the X chromosome can interfere with this more recently acquired ability. (phys.org)
  • just like humans, X and Y chromosomes exist, with dogs being XY and bitches XX. (open.edu)
  • Dogs' best friend (humans) have 46 chromosomes and their famous enemy (cats) have 38. (open.edu)
  • Although scientifically humans are animals, in everyday usage, animal often refers to any member of the animal kingdom that is not a human being , and sometimes excludes insects (although including such arthropods as crabs). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Typical chemical pesticides are effective deterrents against invading insects but can cause significant harm to the environment and to humans. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Infected insects take blood meals from humans and their domestic animals and deposit parasite-laden feces. (medscape.com)
Lampbrush13
Spiders2
Homologous1
  • In this condition, there is one chromosome less in one homologous pair i.e. 2n - 1 condition. (biologyideas.com)
Bacteria3
  • We see it in bacteria and insects today, and we see it in the fossil record through the development of millions of species over millions of years. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Here I'll discuss the potential for skin bacteria to mitigate infection by two key amphibian pathogens, the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and the virus ranavirus. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • The minimalism of the honeybee microbiome and its conservation across individuals suggests that the insect and its bacteria have co-evolved for millions of years. (oregonstate.edu)
Chromomeres3
  • Inhibition of transcription leads to retraction of lateral loops into chromomeres and chromosome condensation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bands of giant chromosomes are formed as a result of stacking over one another of the chromomeres of all strands present in them. (sliderbase.com)
  • Each chromosome has several chromomeres distributed over its length. (sliderbase.com)
Nucleus1
  • Triploidy is a condition in which an organism contains Three sets (3n) of chromosomes in the nucleus of the body cell. (biologyideas.com)
Arthropoda2
Snakes1
Organization1
  • To better understand the karyotype organization in Melipona and the relationship among the subgenera, we mapped repetitive sequences and analyzed previously reported cytogenetic data with the aim to identify cytogenetic markers to be used for investigating the phylogenetic relationships and chromosome evolution in the genus. (karger.com)
Gene1
  • A gene is a functional unit on a chromosome that directs an organism's cells to perform a particular function e.g. your red blood cells carry oxygen around your body using a protein called haemoglobin. (open.edu)
Tadpoles2
Phylogenetic1
  • Finally, the integration of both molecular cytogenetic and phylogenetic approaches allowed the determination of specific chromosomes possibly involved in rearrangements and a better understanding about the evolutionary processes involved in the differentiation of Synbranchus genus. (scielo.br)
Genus1
  • Cytogenetically, the species of the genus Melipona show variation in the amount and distribution of heterochromatin along their chromosomes and can be separated into 2 groups: the first with low content of heterochromatin and the second with high content of heterochromatin. (karger.com)
Species5
  • It's also unclear if having three sex chromosomes is a stable long-term strategy or if the species is going through a change in its sex chromosomes. (jaljeev.com)
  • In general, Melipona species have 2n = 18 chromosomes, and the species of each subgenus share the same characteristics in relation to heterochromatin regions, DAPI/CMA 3 fluorophores, and the number and distribution of 18S rDNA sites. (karger.com)
  • Throughout the great range of sizes, many animal species reproduce through a sexual interaction between male and female partners in which one set of chromosomes from each parent fuse to form a zygote that develops into a new individual. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • He's meticulous like that, right down to the evolution of insects which, unlike dragonflies, could fold their wings back after flight and so climb into crevices and how the Permian Extinction, wiping out one-third of all insects, gave them a better fighting chance against the previously dominant species to the extent that 98% on all insect species can now fold their wings back. (proweb.net)
  • Plants have evolved numerous chemical and structural defenses for fending off insect and microbial attackers as well as competing against other plant species. (oregonstate.edu)
Microbiome1
  • From an applied perspective, we may be able to manipulate the composition of the skin microbiome to confer resistance to amphibian hosts, and so arrest population declines due to disease. (plymouth.ac.uk)
Found5
  • The mutations, when found on both X-chromosomes, can cause development of a 4th cone cell in a photosensitive layer in the back of the eye that responds to specific wavelengths of light. (pipedot.org)
  • It is rare in animals and found in insects like honey bees and wasps and also in rotifers. (biologyideas.com)
  • Mundlos has found a region on chromosome 17 which might be responsible for human bipedalism. (bionity.com)
  • These are found in pairs, with each pair being made up of one chromosome from each parent. (open.edu)
  • Epimastigotes are an extracellular and noninfective form of the parasite found in the midgut of insect vectors, where they multiply by binary fission. (medscape.com)
Genetic3
  • Like their human carers, the domestic dog's genetic material (their genes) is stored as chromosomes. (open.edu)
  • All domestic dogs, no matter their size, shape or colour, carry their genetic materials on a total of 78 chromosomes. (open.edu)
  • This protein is made from a master set of genetic instructions in two genes that sit on different chromosomes. (open.edu)
Determination4
Bodies1
Karyotypes1
  • These heterochromatin patterns and the number of chromosomes are characteristics exclusive to Melipona karyotypes that distinguish them from the other genera of the Meliponini. (karger.com)
Hosts3
  • Host-associated microbes may hold the key to preventing the spread of these diseases, given their ability to protect amphibian hosts from infection. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • The infective forms of T cruzi are contained in the feces of the insect vectors and gain entry into its mammalian hosts through contamination. (medscape.com)
  • As with other parasites that infect both mammalian and insect hosts, the life cycle of T cruzi is complex (see image below). (medscape.com)
Fish1
  • Plants start growing, insects start buzzing and hungry fish like the look of them so flop on the shore while those that see their brothers promptly expire decide it'd be better to wait until they actually breathed air first. (proweb.net)
Eggs1
Abnormality1
Transform1
  • The trypomastigotes then transform into epimastigotes in the midgut of these insects, thus completing the cycle. (medscape.com)
Plants1
  • For reference, every other known form of life that has anything resembling sex chromosomes have between one and four of them, and most of the ones that have more than two are plants. (tvtropes.org)
Organisms2
Creatures3
  • Other creatures such as insects can have more limbs, but those creatures tend to be small. (stackexchange.com)
  • I'm thinking of creating an alien ecosystem with relatively large, vertebrate-like creatures (larger than insects and with some kind of endoskeleton). (stackexchange.com)
  • Gone are the days when many people (biologists included) saw insects as simple creatures that did little more than reproduce, eat, and grow-with some migrating. (icr.org)
Animals1
Structure1
  • The change in number of chromosome or change in structure of chromosome is nothing but the chromosomal aberration. (biologyideas.com)
Individual2
  • The ploidy can occur either in the complete set of chromosomes or in the individual chromosomes. (biologyideas.com)
  • before expounding on the four basic conditions that must be met for the process to occur, how it occurs, and how he observed it occurring in a succession of phenotypes before the genotypes behind them - the unique set of genes in an individual's DNA chromosomes that dictate their individual traits - were unveiled later on. (proweb.net)
Evolution1
  • 4. Origin and evolution of Amphibia, Paedogenesis, Neotony. (teachersbadi.in)
Differences1
  • Two ways they can be distinguished are by differences in their calls and differences in their chromosome number. (wildlifedepartment.com)
Cell1
  • The epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi is the multiplying stage of the parasite that grows in the gut of the insect vector and also in cell-free culture medium as shown here. (medscape.com)
Research2
  • Chromosome Research. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alexander has a wide variety of interests related to minimizing food waste and improving global food security, but his current research focuses on protecting potato crops from insect pests. (oregonstate.edu)
Region1
  • The fry was raised for region on the Y chromosome (Kato et al. (docslib.org)
Total1
Male1
  • These chromosomes create three male genotypes (YW, YZ, and ZZ) and two female genotypes (ZW and WW). (jaljeev.com)
Small1
  • They are common in eastern Oklahoma and are frequently seen on windows of houses or around porch lights at night, where they seek small insects for food. (wildlifedepartment.com)
Exist1
  • all the gradations from amphibian to reptile exist with a clarity seldom equaled in paleontology. (howstuffworks.com)
Specific1