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Title : Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine = GRADE for inactivated Vero cell culture- derived JE vaccine (JE-VC) Personal Author(s) : Walter, Emmanuel B.;Hills, Susan L. (cdc.gov)
Japanese encephalitis vaccine is a vaccine that protects against Japanese encephalitis. (wikipedia.org)
The Japanese encephalitis vaccines first became available in the 1930s. (wikipedia.org)
Summary of the WHO Position Paper on Vaccines against Japanese encephalitis (JE)" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Inactivated Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine (JE-VC [manufactured as IXIARO]) is the only JE vaccine licensed and available in the United States. (bvsalud.org)

Another vaccine, a live-attenuated recombinant chimeric virus vaccine developed using the Yellow fever virus known as ChimeriVax-JE (marketed as IMOJEV) was licensed for use in Australia in August 2010 and in Thailand in December 2012. (wikipedia.org)
ZMapp), anti-sense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO AVI-6002), lipid nanoparticle small interfering RNA (LNP-siRNA: TKM-Ebola), and an EBOV glycoprotein-based vaccine using live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV-EBOGP) or a chimpanzee adenovirus (rChAd-EBOGP)-based vector. (biomedcentral.com)

Our data indicate that SARS-CoV suppresses the antiviral cytokine system of non-immune cells to a large extent, thus buying time for dissemination in the host. (biomedcentral.com)
There are no vaccine and antiviral drugs for controlling CVA10 infection. (virosin.org)
Vaccines and antiviral drugs are recommended to deal with the situation. (springeropen.com)

These compounds exhibited low cytotoxicity in Vero cells and an in in vivo animal model (Caenorhabditis elegans), indicating a favorable selectivity index. (bvsalud.org)
This modified protein has no or low in vitro cytotoxicity to human T cells and vaginal epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)

On June 22, 2023, the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended use of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20 [Prevnar 20, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals LLC, a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc.]) as an option to 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15 [Vaxneuvance, Merck Sh. (bvsalud.org)
On October 19, 2022, the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended the use of either a dose of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) or 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) as previously recommended for adults who have received 13-valent pneumococca. (bvsalud.org)
his report compiles and summarizes all published recommendations from CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults aged ≥19 years in the United States. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, ACIP recommendations for the remaining vaccines that are recommended for certain or all adults are summarized, as are considerations for catch-up and travel vaccinations and for work restrictions. (cdc.gov)

Two PEDV spike (S) glycoprotein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed using G2b PEDV-Pintung 52 (PEDV-PT) trimeric full-length S and truncated S 1-501 proteins derived from the human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cell expression system. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, however, SARS-CoV strongly induced the chemokines IP-10 and IL-8 in the colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2, but not in the embryonic kidney cell line 293. (biomedcentral.com)
Co-transfection of the viral replicon RNA and capsid expresser in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to the production of single round infectious particles (SRIPs). (virosin.org)
To investigate this heterogeneous vulnerability, we performed genetic fate mapping using cell type-specific probes derived from a mouse embryonic day (E)15.5 neocortical wall single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) dataset. (eneuro.org)

Footnote 2 The European Rotavirus Vaccination Advocacy Committee ( ERVAC ) has recently advocated introduction of rotavirus vaccine into childhood immunization programs, although the members agree that further studies on the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Europe need to be done for a better evaluation of the cost and benefit of rotavirus vaccination programs. (canada.ca)
Vaccines face multiple issues, such as the low activity of neutralizing antibodies after immunization, or the aggravation of pathological reactions from the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion after formalin inactivated hRSV is administered. (fortunejournals.com)

Several vaccines have now been approved for human use, including mRNA vaccines (BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna), adenovirus-vector-based vaccines (AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, CanSino Biologics, Gamaleya), and inactivated virus vaccines (Sinovac Biotech and Sinopharm). (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the reported adverse cases of thrombosis with the adenovirus vaccines ( 13 ) and myocarditis with the mRNA vaccines particularly in young individuals ( 14 ) indicate that a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action of the vaccines should be undertaken. (frontiersin.org)
Viable CVA10 viruses were harvested by transfecting the viral mRNA into human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. (virosin.org)

Every year new vaccine formulations are recommended by World Health Organization [ 12 ]. (springeropen.com)

Novel safe, immunogenic, and effective vaccines are needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2. (frontiersin.org)
Multimodal immunogenic cell death (ICD) together with autophagy often induced by OVs not only presents potent danger signals to dendritic cells but also efficiently cross-present tumor-associated antigens from cancer cells to dendritic cells to T cells to induce adaptive antitumor immunity. (biomedcentral.com)

The outcome of this primary infection can determine the course of disease, and the cytokine response of the infected cell plays a vital part. (biomedcentral.com)
Type I interferons (IFN-α/β) are potent, antivirally active cytokines which can be produced by most, if not all, body cells in response to virus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
During productive infection, the 152-kb double-stranded HSV-1 genome is rapidly translocated to the nucleus where at least 80 viral genes are transcribed by the host cell RNA polymerase II (Pol II) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
US11 has been reported as a potent inhibitor of PKR activation through binding to dsRNA [ 14 ] or through direct interaction with PKR in the context of viral infection [ 12 ] and therefore could interfere with the PKR mediated host cell responses. (biomedcentral.com)
The role this cell subset plays in protzoan infection remain relatively unexplored, herein we describe the effects of a redox enzyme (rTgPrx) derived from Toxoplasma gondii on murine macrophage phenotype in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
These results highlight the role of T. gondii derived redox enzymes as important immune modulators and potentially indicate a role for AAM in modulating immunopathology and promoting parasite replication during T. gondii infection. (biomedcentral.com)
At present a commercially available live vaccine is on the market and is effective at preventing congenital infection in ewes if administered before pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
Apart from supportive care, neither a licensed vaccine nor a specific therapy is available for the treatment of the human EBOV infection [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Oncolytic virotherapy for cancer treatment utilizes naturally occurring or engineered viruses for selective infection and cancer cell death without any adverse effect on normal cells. (oncotarget.com)
Here, a novel murine model of fetal ZIKV infection incorporating intraventricular infection and cell type-specific in utero electroporation (IUE) was used to identify the time course of ZIKV infection and to determine the identity of cells that are initially infected or spared during neocortical neurogenesis. (eneuro.org)
The results indicate that one class of aRGCs preferentially express the putative ZIKV entry receptor AXL and that these cells are more vulnerable to ZIKV infection than other aRGC subtypes with low AXL expression. (eneuro.org)
The transcriptional signatures of neural precursor cells (NPCs) were used for the first time to test Zika virus (ZIKV) susceptibility in a direct fetal brain infection model. (eneuro.org)

One of the IFN-γ-induced cell-autonomous programs is associated with IFN-inducible GTPases, such as p47 immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) and p65 guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) ( Kim et al, 2012 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
The antitumor immunity helps eliminate the uninfected cancer cells in primary and metastatic nodules, and enforce micrometastases in dormant state. (biomedcentral.com)
OPV also provided longer-lasting immunity than the Salk vaccine, as it provides both humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity . (wikipedia.org)
As with other live-virus vaccines, immunity initiated by OPV is probably lifelong. (wikipedia.org)

The EBOV is classified as a biosafety level 4 pathogen and is considered a category A agent of bioterrorism by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with no approved therapies and vaccines available for its treatment apart from supportive care. (biomedcentral.com)
OVs provide a number of potential advantages as cancer vaccines over conventional therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
The possibility that cells are not uniformly affected by virus exposure may lead to new therapies or prevention strategies. (eneuro.org)

These vaccines have shown a good safety profile, potent immunogenicity, high efficacy, and relative durability of immune responses ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
In summary, OVs properly armed or in rational combinations are potent therapeutic cancer vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Raccoonpox virus was the most potent of the tested poxviruses and was highly effective in controlling cell growth in all tumor cell lines. (oncotarget.com)

These vaccines therefore can contain small quantities of egg proteins. (bvsalud.org)
T. gondii possesses an arsenal of secreted or injected proteins that can modulate host cell function. (biomedcentral.com)

The innate immune response first induces IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. (life-science-alliance.org)

One or two doses are given depending on the version of the vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
[2] Oral polio vaccines cause about three cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis per million doses given. (wikipedia.org)
When the IPV (injection) is used, 90% or more of individuals develop protective antibodies to all three serotypes of polio virus after two doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), and at least 99% are immune to polio virus following three doses. (wikipedia.org)
In countries with endemic polio or where the risk of imported cases is high, the WHO recommends OPV vaccine at birth followed by a primary series of three OPV and at least one IPV doses starting at 6 weeks of age, with a minimum of 4 weeks between OPV doses. (mdwiki.org)

[2] [11] Another attenuated live oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961. (wikipedia.org)
This 1963 poster featured CDC's national symbol of public health , the " Wellbee ", encouraging the public to receive an oral polio vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
There are two types of vaccine: inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV). (wikipedia.org)
[17] IPV replaced the oral vaccine in many developed countries in the 1990s mainly due to the (small) risk of vaccine-derived polio in the oral vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
Oral polio vaccines were easier to administer than IPV, as it eliminated the need for sterile syringes and therefore was more suitable for mass vaccination campaigns. (wikipedia.org)
[1] [9] A different, oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961. (mdwiki.org)
[11] The wholesale cost per dose for the oral vaccine in the developing world is about US$0.25 as of 2014. (mdwiki.org)
Oral polio vaccines proved to be superior in administration, eliminating the need for sterile syringes and making the vaccine more suitable for mass vaccination campaigns. (mdwiki.org)

The other was an inactivated vaccine cultivated on primary hamster kidney cells (the Beijing-3 strain). (wikipedia.org)

Recent studies give supporting evidence that natural products like extracts and other compounds derived from traditional medicinal plants have a broad spectrum of anti-influenza activities [ 16 , 17 ]. (springeropen.com)

SARS-CoV mainly infects tissues of non-lymphatic origin, and the cytokine profile of those cells can determine the course of disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Background information for each vaccine-preventable disease and specific recommendations for use of each vaccine are presented. (cdc.gov)
Aswathyraj S, Arunkumar G, Alidjinou EK, Hober D (2016) Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD): emerging epidemiology and the need for a vaccine strategy. (virosin.org)

Numerous tumor cell lines were infected with ten non-vaccinia poxviruses to identify which virus displayed the most potential as an oncolytic agent. (oncotarget.com)

The second challenge is that the production of HSV-1 relies on adherent complementing Vero cells (V27), making it difficult to scale up. (bvsalud.org)
Like all viruses, the EBOV largely relies on host cell factors and physiological processes for its entry, replication, and egress. (biomedcentral.com)

Most of the influenza vaccines currently approved and available in the United States are produced by the propagation of influenza viruses in eggs (1-7). (bvsalud.org)

Although several promising therapeutic agents and vaccines against EBOV are undergoing the Phase I human trial, the current epidemic might be outpacing the speed at which drugs and vaccines can be produced. (biomedcentral.com)
We have reviewed currently available therapeutic agents that have been shown to be effective in suppressing the proliferation of the EBOV in cell cultures or animal studies. (biomedcentral.com)
The Food and Drug Administration of the USA has approved both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines for cancer in the last few years. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, therapeutic cancer vaccines are difficult to develop and much less effective. (biomedcentral.com)
The approval of Provenge has stimulated interest in development of other therapeutic cancer vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)

We characterized the role of IRG protein Irgb6 in the cell-autonomous response against T. gondii , which involves vacuole ubiquitination and breakdown. (life-science-alliance.org)

The sensitivity and specificity of these two ELISAs were compared to immunostaining of G2b PEDV-PT infected cells and to a commercial nucleocapsid (N)-based indirect ELISA kit using a panel of PEDV negative and hyperimmune sera. (biomedcentral.com)
The lipid envelope surrounding the nucleocapsid is derived from the host cell plasma membrane during the budding process. (fortunejournals.com)

For most viruses, the initial encounter with the host takes place in cells of non-lymphatic origin. (biomedcentral.com)
Viruses, on the other hand, have evolved various mechanisms to counteract the host's cytokine response [ 3 ], and their ability to induce or inhibit cytokine production in infected cells has direct consequences for the balance between host defense and virus propagation. (biomedcentral.com)
Unlike other DNA viruses, the variola virus multiplies in the cytoplasm of parasitized host cells. (medscape.com)

However, the success of fetal tissue transplants has been meager at best, and ethically-derived alternatives exist and are coming to dominate the field. (lozierinstitute.org)

The anticancer activities of OVs are derived from multimodal cancer killing mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)

The cultures were harvested 5.5 h after AI-2 addition (i.e. 8 h of total growth) and RNA was extracted and assessed Trichostatin A in vivo for transcriptional changes using DNA microarrays. (hsdpathway.com)
Caine EA, Osorio JE (2017) In vivo imaging with bioluminescent enterovirus 71 allows for real-time visualization of tissue tropism and viral spread. (virosin.org)
In vivo time course studies revealed the presence of ZIKV in apical radial glial cells (aRGCs) at early time points following virus exposure, while basal intermediate progenitor cells (bIPCs) became maximally (ZIKV + ) after 3 d of virus exposure. (eneuro.org)

CCR5 is known to play a decisive role as a chemotactic receptor abundantly expressed on monocytes, macrophages and T-cells and its heterozygous mutation-related deficiency implies impaired memory CD4 + T-cell response [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

To investigate the response of LuxS01 and wild type strain to exogenously added AI-2, cells from Venetoclax in vitro experiments A and B were harvested in late exponential phase for RNA extraction and microarray gene expression analysis. (hsdpathway.com)

Cell culture studies, by contrast, did not reveal a clear picture of SARS-CoV-induced cytokines. (biomedcentral.com)

One of them was an inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccine (the Nakayama and/or Beijing-1 strain), made by BIKEN and marketed by Sanofi Pasteur as JE-VAX, until production ceased in 2005. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, the progressive infiltration of immune cells into the infected lungs observed in SARS patients could be due to the production of these chemokines by the infected tissue cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The supernatant activity is expressed as the fold increase in light production relative to sterile medium as a control.Experiment B: results for a similar experiment to that described in experiment A, except that the cultures were grown in MEM-α. (hsdpathway.com)

They kill infected cancer and associated endothelial cells via direct oncolysis, and uninfected cells via tumor vasculature targeting and bystander effect. (biomedcentral.com)
Local administration or OV mediated-expression of ligands for Toll-like receptors can rescue the function of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells inhibited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and thus enhances the antitumor effect. (biomedcentral.com)
First, OVs are tumor-selective, thus in situ cancer vaccines, providing higher cancer specificity and better safety margin. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell viability indicated that tumor cell lines were differentially susceptible to each virus. (oncotarget.com)
This TK-deleted Raccoonpox virus was notably attenuated in normal primary cells but replicated efficiently in numerous tumor cell lines. (oncotarget.com)

In 1998 an RV vaccine consisting of a Rhesus-human reassortant (Rotashield™, Wyeth) was licensed in the U.S., but was withdrawn in 1999 after only a few months of usage following reports in post-marketing surveillance of intussusception among vaccine recipients. (canada.ca)
Here, we investigated the cytokine response of two human non-lymphatic cell lines, Caco-2 and HEK 293, which are fully permissive for SARS-CoV. (biomedcentral.com)
The prophylactic vaccines are against the hepatitis B virus, which can cause liver cancer, and against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, which are responsible for about 70 percent of cervical cancer cases. (biomedcentral.com)
Its potency to preferentially infect and kill cancer cells has been proven for many years and advanced clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate this virus in human [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Reverse genetic tools for CVA10 will benefit its mechanistic study and development of vaccines and antivirals. (virosin.org)

It is resistant to trypsin hydrolysis, possibly because the lysine and arginine residues in OVA are modified by ML. Mechanism studies suggest that ML-OVA inhibits HIV-1 entry by targeting gp120 on HIV-1 virions and also the CD4 receptor on the host cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The vaccines are more than 90% effective. (wikipedia.org)
These anti-viral vaccines are highly effective in curbing virus infections and onset of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

[8] Both types of vaccine are generally safe to give during pregnancy and in those who have HIV/AIDS but are otherwise well. (wikipedia.org)

The organism enters host cells and resides in the cytoplasm in a membrane-bound parasitophorous vacuole (PV). (life-science-alliance.org)

JE-VC is manufactured by Intercell Biomedical (Livingston, United Kingdom) and distributed in the United States private market by Novart. (bvsalud.org)

These findings favor the use of MVA-S as a potential vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in clinical trials. (frontiersin.org)

Finally, US11 has been recently shown to also counteract the activity of the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), a cellular protein critical for host cell defense [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

To date, the function of US11 protein in cell culture and animal models is poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)

[5] Conditions such as anemias and immunodeficiencies, for which fetal tissue attempts largely failed, are now treated routinely with adult stem cells, including umbilical cord blood stem cells, [6] even while the patient is still in the womb. (lozierinstitute.org)

However, synthesis of IP-10 and IL-8, which are established markers for acute-stage SARS, escapes the virus-induced silencing at least in some cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
The improved specificity of apical radial glial cell (aRGC) labeling afforded by the cell-specific labeling tools uncover functional differences between aRGC types that will have important implications for children exposed to ZIKV as well as for understanding corticogenesis. (eneuro.org)

The Beijing-3 strain was the main variant of the vaccine used in the People's Republic of China from 1968 until 2005. (wikipedia.org)
It is based on a SA14-14-2 strain and cultivated in Vero cells. (wikipedia.org)
In September 2012, the Indian firm Biological E. Limited launched an inactivated cell culture derived vaccine based on SA 14-14-2 strain which was developed in a technology transfer agreement with Intercell and is a thiomersal-free vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
and the wild type strain NCTC 11168 (grey bars) after 2.5 h in culture. (hsdpathway.com)

The duration of protection with the vaccine is not clear but its effectiveness appears to decrease over time. (wikipedia.org)
Figure 1 Levels of exogenous AI-2 decrease during culture with C.jejuni.Experiment A:In vitroproduced AI-2 (10 μM final concentration) was added to LuxS01 mutant after 2.5 h growth in MHB (white bar). (hsdpathway.com)

The inactivated polio vaccines are very safe. (wikipedia.org)

[8] An inactivated polio vaccine, developed a few years later by Jonas Salk , came into use in 1955. (mdwiki.org)

The first is the direct oncolysis of cancer cells by the virus, which is, in most cases a mixture of apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and autophagic cell death, often with one as predominant for a particular OV. (biomedcentral.com)

Randomized control trials on JE-VAX have shown that a two-dose schedule provides protection for one year. (wikipedia.org)
[3] Today, patients take insulin shots and pharmaceuticals to control their diabetes, and adult stem cell transplants have shown success at ameliorating the condition. (lozierinstitute.org)
culture to which the control buffer was added (black bars) is shown. (hsdpathway.com)

A control buffer of enzymatically synthesised SRH supplemented with homocysteine and adenine control culture but lacking AI-2 was added to LuxS01 https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AG-014699.html as a control (undetectable AI-2, at baseline). (hsdpathway.com)

The truncated S 1-501 protein was selected from a superior expressed stable cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
The current vaccines against COVID-19 either express the full-length S protein (AstraZeneca, CanSino Biologics, Gamaleya), or a stabilized prefusion form of the S protein with proline-stabilizing mutations and/or mutation of the furin cleavage site (Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson) ( 1 - 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Western blot analysis demonstrated that the US11 protein was specifically recognized by the polyclonal antibody, and immunofluorescent assay also showed that the antibody was able to probe the US11 protein in the cells infected with HSV-1. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, we obtained a high-level expression of the recombinant US11 protein as well as high titers of rabbit polyclonal antibody specially against US11 protein in HSV-1 infected cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The His-tagged US11 protein was then expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified by a nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni 2+ -NTA) affinity resin under denaturing conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

It is much cheaper than alternative vaccines, and is administered to 20 million Chinese children each year. (wikipedia.org)

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