AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesNamed Groups
AcetaldehydeAmmoniaCyanamideEthanolAldehyde DehydrogenaseAldehyde OxidoreductasesAlcohol DehydrogenaseDisulfiramAldehydesCentral Nervous System DepressantsNitrosomonasToxicity Tests, AcuteCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)Pyruvate DecarboxylaseNitrogenAlcohol DeterrentsFlushingAlcoholsHyperammonemiaUreaNADGlutamate-Ammonia LigaseGlutamineHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationAcetoinAcetatesButanonesAmmonium ChlorideOxidation-ReductionNitrogen RadioisotopesLiverAlcoholicsNitrification
Acetic acidFormaldehydeAldehydesEthanol to acetaldehydeHydrogenOxidationAqueousAmmoniumConvertsAlcoholPrecursorEnzymePyridineRedox reactionsCompoundChemicalsMethaneEtherKetonesCatalysisChemical reactionSolubleToxicCompoundsIncludeComplex chemical reactionsIntermediateDegradationPathwaysCatalystCatalystsAcidConcentrationProtonAdditionProduceSubstrateOccurFlavoring agentExposureEarlyImportantWaterFunctionalWorldwideFoundPlayProductionApplications
Acetic acid3
  • Pyridine & pyridine bases are manufactured by the reaction of acetaldehyde with ammonium acetate, where acetic acid is used as a solvent, in a refluxing tank reactor under atmospheric pressure. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Acetaldehyde is then converted to acetic acid through further enzymatic activity (3). (ucdavis.edu)
  • This compound is obtained by the reaction of potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate with acetic acid. (shanghaichemex.com)
Formaldehyde2
Aldehydes2
  • Basic principle involved in Biogenic amines biosensor is the action of diamine oxidase (DAO) that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary amines to the corresponding aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. (ijpsr.com)
  • With high enzyme loadings, a range of aldehydes gave products in the three-component reaction in the 97-99% range. (spinchem.com)
Ethanol to acetaldehyde1
Hydrogen3
  • Hydrogen is not directly a greenhouse gas, but its chemical reactions change the abundances of the greenhouse gases methane, ozone, and stratospheric water vapor, as well as aerosols. (noaa.gov)
  • The burning of materials containing nitrogen, such as proteins and some plastics, can produce nitrogen-containing compounds like ammonia and hydrogen cyanide. (servpronorthcentralmesa.com)
  • For this study, the team looked at a reaction that turns syngas, a combination of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, into fuels and industrial chemicals. (rdworldonline.com)
Oxidation2
  • Regeneration is accomplished, for example, by a method of removing the substance adsorbed on the functional material by an oxidation reaction, and a method of desorbing the substance adsorbed on the functional material to discharge the substance. (justia.com)
  • When materials burn, they undergo oxidation reactions, breaking down into smaller molecules and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) . (servpronorthcentralmesa.com)
Aqueous2
  • 1-Aminoethanol exists in a solution of acetaldehyde and aqueous ammonia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aqueous chemical reactions and the handling of chemicals used in drinking water treatment is the dominant source of environmental exposure to chlorate. (cfpua.org)
Ammonium2
  • Household ammonia" or " ammonium hydroxide " is a solution of NH 3 in water. (wikidoc.org)
  • The degree to which ammonia forms the ammonium ion increases upon lowering the pH of the solution - at "physiological" pH (~7), about 99% of the ammonia molecules are protonated . (wikidoc.org)
Converts1
Alcohol4
  • Reactions to alcohol vary widely and depend on several factors including race, sex, age, amount of alcohol consumed, use of drugs or prescriptions, family history, medical conditions, and how quickly the alcohol was consumed (1). (ucdavis.edu)
  • In addition to slowing reaction time, alcohol consumption also impairs coordination and judgment, alters speech, and negatively impacts balance and motor skills (1,5). (ucdavis.edu)
  • The ET strain has a G609D variant in Cphy3925 AdhE, a putative acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). (researchgate.net)
  • Production of this substance in industry and commercial grade is also produced from bacterial fermentation of sugar, alcohol, or by chemical synthesis of acetaldehyde. (shanghaichemex.com)
Precursor2
  • Ammonia (NH3) is a key precursor of haze particles and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its spatiotemporal variabilities are poorly constrained. (noaa.gov)
  • AdhE loss of function could mitigate ethanol stress by reducing intracellular levels of ethanol and its highly toxic precursor, acetaldehyde. (researchgate.net)
Enzyme5
  • We attempt to elucidate the mechanism by which the enzyme facilitates this reaction through interactions between active-site residues and the substrate. (edu.au)
  • The rate of reaction is determined early in the progress curve-very little product is present, but the enzyme has gone through a limited number of catalytic cycles. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • For example, the three curves in Figure represent progress curves for an enzyme under three different reaction conditions. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • Just as any other chemical reaction can be favored by increasing the concentration of a reactant, the formation of an enzyme‐substrate complex can be favored by a higher concentration of substrate. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • To deter- mine the effect of the G609D mutation on Cphy3925 enzyme activity, we purified WT and ET versions of the enzyme (Fig. 3A) and tested their in vitro catalysis of the two-step, bidirectional reactions converting acetyl-CoA to ethanol using either NADH or NADPH cofactors. (researchgate.net)
Pyridine2
Redox reactions2
  • Remember that in redox reactions, one substrate is oxidized and one is reduced. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • In mammals vitamin B3 is converted into the coenzyme NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) which is essential for all living cells, DNA regulation, redox reactions, and used as a co-factor in multiple steps in the methylation cycle. (mthfrdoctors.com)
Compound1
  • Ammonia is a compound with the formula N H 3 . (wikidoc.org)
Chemicals5
  • Increasing use of acetaldehyde as an important chemical intermediate in various applications, such as food & beverage, chemicals, plastics, and paints & coatings is driving the acetaldehyde market in the Asia Pacific. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The book contains manufacturing processes, reactions, equipments details, process flow diagram of number of chemicals, which have huge industrial uses. (niir.org)
  • Because of its many uses, ammonia is one of the most highly produced inorganic chemicals. (wikidoc.org)
  • Even today, with the help of supercomputer simulations that predict the results of reactions by applying theoretical models to huge databases on the behavior of chemicals and catalysts, the search can take years, because until now it has relied largely on human intuition to pick possible winners out of the many available reaction paths. (rdworldonline.com)
  • The researchers were especially interested in two factors that determine how easily a catalytic reaction proceeds: How strongly the reacting chemicals bond to the surface of the catalyst and which steps in the reaction present the most significant barriers to going forward. (rdworldonline.com)
Methane1
Ether1
  • In 1821, Döbereiner had prepared what he called Saüerstoffäther (literally: ether oxide), which, as Liebig later showed, contained acetaldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
Ketones1
  • iv) By hydration of alkynes Acetylene on hydration gives acetaldehyde and other alkynes on hydration give ketones. (aglasem.com)
Catalysis1
  • Designing a novel catalyst to speed a chemical reaction is a very daunting task," said Thomas Bligaard, a staff scientist at the SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis , a joint SLAC/Stanford institute where the research took place. (rdworldonline.com)
Chemical reaction2
  • This chemical reaction creates "secondary emissions" that are even more harmful. (forcesofnature.ca)
  • Even a simple chemical reaction can be surprisingly complicated. (rdworldonline.com)
Soluble1
  • This reaction has a few noteworthy features: (i) The reaction did not work with soluble lipase but worked well with several immobilized formulations- demonstrating the stabilization that is possible by immobilization. (spinchem.com)
Toxic1
  • [1] Although ammonia is regulated in the United States as a non-flammable gas, it still meets the definition of a material that is toxic by inhalation and requires a hazardous safety permit when transported in quantities greater than 13,248 L (3,500 gallons). (wikidoc.org)
Compounds1
  • The main uses of ammonia are in the production of fertilizers , explosives, and synthesis of organonitrogen compounds. (wikidoc.org)
Include2
Complex chemical reactions2
  • Smoke odor is the result of complex chemical reactions that occur during the combustion process when a fire burns various materials. (servpronorthcentralmesa.com)
  • The method will work for a wide variety of complex chemical reactions and should dramatically speed the development of new catalysts, the team reported in Nature Communications . (rdworldonline.com)
Intermediate2
  • 1-Aminoethanol is suggested as intermediate in Strecker reaction of alanine synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this case there are thousands of possible reaction pathways - an infinite number, really - with hundreds of intermediate steps," said Zachary Ulissi, a postdoctoral researcher at SUNCAT. (rdworldonline.com)
Degradation3
  • Ammonia is produced from the bacterial degradation of proteins in the gut and also Helicobacter pylori infections. (mthfrdoctors.com)
  • Comment: In MetaCyc pathway anthranilate degradation I ( link ), a dioxygenase cleaves off carbon dioxide and ammonia, leaving catechol. (lbl.gov)
  • Comment: MetaCyc pathway 3-oxoadipate degradation ( link ) involves activation by CoA (using succinyl-CoA) and a thiolase (succinyltransferase) reaction that splits it to acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA. (lbl.gov)
Pathways1
  • With machine learning the researchers were able to analyze the reaction pathways over and over, each time eliminating the least likely paths and fine-tuning the search strategy for the next round. (rdworldonline.com)
Catalyst2
  • For instance, he said, finding a catalyst that turns nitrogen from the air into ammonia - considered one of the most important developments of the 20th century because it made the large-scale production of fertilizer possible, helping to launch the Green Revolution - took decades of testing various reactions one by one. (rdworldonline.com)
  • We need to know what the reaction is, and what are the most difficult steps along the reaction path, in order to even think about making a better catalyst," said Jens Nørskov, a professor at SLAC and Stanford and director of SUNCAT. (rdworldonline.com)
Catalysts1
  • That's especially true for reactions involving catalysts, which speed up the chemistry that makes fuel, fertilizer and other industrial goods. (rdworldonline.com)
Acid4
  • At a later period, when sal-ammoniac was obtained by distilling the hoofs and horns of oxen and neutralizing the resulting carbonate with hydrochloric acid , the name "spirit of hartshorn" was applied to ammonia. (wikidoc.org)
  • In order to help it survive the harsh acidic environment created by hydrochloric acid, it produces ammonia as an alkalizing agent to help it survive. (mthfrdoctors.com)
  • When the demand for acid ceased, the reaction mixture was added to 400 mL H2O and made strongly acidic with an excess of HCl. (drugwiki.net)
  • This reaction is known as an acid neutralization reaction. (shanghaichemex.com)
Concentration2
  • The strength of such solutions is measured in units of baume (density), with 26 degrees baume (about 30 weight percent ammonia at 15.5 °C) being the typical high concentration commercial product. (wikidoc.org)
  • [3] Household ammonia ranges in concentration from 5 to 10 weight percent ammonia. (wikidoc.org)
Proton1
Addition2
Produce4
  • The Haber process to produce ammonia from the nitrogen in the air was developed by Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch in 1909 and patented in 1910. (wikidoc.org)
  • The ammonia was used to produce explosives to sustain their war effort. (wikidoc.org)
  • Dozens of chemical plants worldwide produce ammonia. (wikidoc.org)
  • Any organism that produce large amounts of ammonia in the body will increase the demand for biopterin, and thus methylation. (mthfrdoctors.com)
Substrate2
  • In other words, the substrate and product of the reaction are isomers . (cliffsnotes.com)
  • At the end of the reaction, equilibrium is reached, no net conversion of substrate to product occurs, and either curve approaches the horizontal. (cliffsnotes.com)
Occur1
  • Although a huge number of reactions occur in living systems, these reactions fall into only half a dozen types. (cliffsnotes.com)
Flavoring agent1
  • Acetaldehyde is used as a flavoring agent in several food products, and is widely used in the food & beverage industry as a preservative for fruits, fish, and as a flavoring agent. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Exposure2
  • The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a 15-minute exposure limit for gaseous ammonia of 35 ppm by volume in the environmental air and an 8-hour exposure limit of 25 ppm by volume. (wikidoc.org)
  • [1] Exposure to very high concentrations of gaseous ammonia can result in lung damage and death. (wikidoc.org)
Early1
  • Biocatalytic carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are still in early development. (spinchem.com)
Important1
  • This may be especially important for reactions in organic media. (spinchem.com)
Water2
  • This shape gives the molecule an overall dipole moment and makes it polar so that ammonia readily dissolves in water . (wikidoc.org)
  • ligases carry out the converse reaction, removing the elements of water from two functional groups to form a single bond. (cliffsnotes.com)
Functional1
  • In many biochemical reactions, the position of a functional group is changed within a molecule, but the molecule itself contains the same number and kind of atoms that it did in the beginning. (cliffsnotes.com)
Worldwide1
Found1
  • Ammonia is found in small quantities in the atmosphere, being produced from the putrefaction of nitrogenous animal and vegetable matter. (wikidoc.org)
Play1
  • This metalloprotease is formation reaction Activating PTRF to play with the diverse ammonia modifying both pre-rRNA and Pol I from the maturation and TTF-1. (familie-vos.de)
Production1
  • iii) The reaction was carried out up to a scale of 110 kg, demonstrating an example of the increasing use of biocatalysis in pilot and production scale in the pharmaceutical industry. (spinchem.com)
Applications1