Amino acid transport systems. Medical search. Frequent questions

Transmitters were identified by using antibodies raised against vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2, glutamic acid decarboxylase and the glycine transporter 2. (nih.gov)
They proposed that Lys158 is central to proton-coupled transport and that the amine group serves the same functional role as the Na2 ion in LeuT, thus demonstrating common principles among proton- and sodium-coupled transporters. (tcdb.org)
Proton-coupled sugar and amino acid transporters in plants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Measurement of [ 14 C]betaine uptake by HEK293 cells transiently transfected with human or rat sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters (SNATs), SNAT1, SNAT2 and SNAT4 revealed that only human and rat SNAT2 have betaine uptake activity. (elsevierpure.com)
Previously, we proposed that gene duplication has been important for the evolution of symbiosis based on aphid-specific gene duplication in amino acid transporters (AATs), with some paralogs highly expressed in the cells housing symbionts (bacteriocytes). (elsevierpure.com)

The high-affinity system mediates uptake of 10% of L-cystine and the dibasic amino acids at the apical membrane of the straight third segment (S3) of the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)
SLC7A5, complexed with SLC3A2 in the plasma membrane, mediates the uptake of neutral amino acids. (reactome.org)
The initial rate of uptake of methylaminoisobutyric acid (a nonmetabolizable amino acid analogue) was 63% lower in vesicles from placentas of small for gestational age babies. (manchester.ac.uk)
The uptake of amino acids showed features characteristic of active transport. (microbiologyresearch.org)
After correction for a non-mediated transport component, the kinetics of glutamate, glutamine, alanine and aspartate uptake measured over a wide concentration range followed the simple Michaelis-Menten saturation curves. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Dinitrophenol, carbonyl cyanide m -chlorophenylhydrazone and NaN 3 strongly inhibited amino acid uptake, whereas dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, vanadate and the ionophores monensin and nonactin had no effect on the uptake. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Both pH dependence and inhibition by protonophores are consistent with a proton symport mechanism for amino acid uptake by P. involutus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Competition studies indicated a broad substrate recognition by the uptake system, which resembles the general amino acid permease of yeast. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Kinetics and specificity of amino acid uptake by the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza (L.). Schleiden. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Betaine uptake is induced by hypertonic stress in a placental trophoblast cell line, and involvement of amino acid transport system A was proposed. (elsevierpure.com)
Here, we aimed to identify the subtype(s) of system A that mediates hypertonicity-induced betaine uptake. (elsevierpure.com)
Betaine exclusively inhibited the uptake activity of SNAT2 among the rat system A subtypes. (elsevierpure.com)
Our patented molecule is designed for performance, providing superior uptake and absorption by utilizing the amino acid transport system to deliver the most efficient and effective nutrition on the market. (zinpro.com)

Cystinuria is an autosomal-recessive defect in reabsorptive transport of cystine and the dibasic amino acids ornithine, arginine, and lysine from the luminal fluid of the renal proximal tubule and small intestine. (medscape.com)
[ 9 ] showed abnormal excretion of the dibasic amino acids lysine, arginine, and ornithine in persons with cystinuria. (medscape.com)
Na + replacement with K + does not affect lysine transport, but markedly decreases the affinity of the transporter for L-leucine and L-glutamine. (uandes.cl)
Resorption of other dibasic amino acids (lysine, ornithine, arginine ) is also impaired but causes no problems because these amino acids have an alternative transport system separate from that shared with cystine. (msdmanuals.com)

Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes. (reference.md)
Although a number of causes of poor fetal growth are known, the involvement of placental transport proteins in the etiology of growth retardation is not understood. (manchester.ac.uk)
The env gene maintained an ORF coding for a 538-amino acid polypeptide that has all the characteristic features of env proteins and mediates intercellular fusion in vitro [ 11 - 13 ]. (ecancer.org)
Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)
Amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) are high quality mineral chelators that are recognized by the gastrointestinal mucosa and/or cell membrane as a desirable molecule, and thus, are readily absorbed along with their mineral payloads. (naturalhealthscience.com)
These genes encode proteins that together form a heterodimer responsible for cystine and dibasic amino acid transport in the proximal tubule. (msdmanuals.com)

Some bacterial pathogens have been shown to substantially modify their surface components in response to the host immune system and modify their energy metabolism and transport pathways to allow efficient growth within the host. (cdc.gov)

In 1993, Lee et al cloned a human complementary DNA, rBAT (renal basic amino acid transporter) in chromosome 2, encoding a transport protein for cystine and dibasic amino acids. (medscape.com)
Various authors have studied amino acid transport in cell membranes obtained from the proximal renal tubule of humans, rats, and rabbits. (medscape.com)
Hereditary pellagra-like skin rash with temporary cerebellar ataxia, constant renal amino-aciduria, and other bizarre biochemical features. (medscape.com)
Using the transporter profiling approach, Dr. McDonough and her colleagues have defined how stimuli such as dietary salts, Ang II, kidney injury, and immune cytokines increase renal sodium transport in a region specific manner along the nephron and how resultant hypertension provokes intrarenal responses to decrease sodium reabsorption (via pressure natriuresis), a response that defines the blood pressure set point in the kidney. (usc.edu)
Cystinuria is an inherited defect of the renal tubules in which reabsorption of cystine (the homodimer of the amino acid cysteine ) is impaired, urinary excretion is increased, and cystine stones form in the urinary tract. (msdmanuals.com)

Cystinuria was originally classified according to urinary excretion of cystine and dibasic amino acids in obligate carriers. (msdmanuals.com)

In K + , the carrier behaved as a cationic amino acid specific carrier, interacting weakly with neutral amino acids. (uandes.cl)
2] "Transport of cationic amino acids by the mouse ecotropic retrovirus receptor. (tcdb.org)

In agreement with the prediction, the specificity of system y + L was altered by the monovalent cations. (uandes.cl)

A leucine-sensitive amino acid transport system with high affinity for basic amino acids( AMINO ACIDS, BASIC). (musc.edu)
High-affinity system: This system is affected in persons with cystinuria. (medscape.com)

have presented the crystal structure of apo-ApcT, a proton-coupled broad-specificity amino acid transporter, at 2.35 Å resolution. (tcdb.org)

Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC38A2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
In the presence of Na + , L-leucine was the neutral amino acid that interacted more powerfully. (uandes.cl)
Neutral amino acid transport in epithelial cells and its malfunction in Hartnup disorder. (medscape.com)

In a recent study, 20 children diagnosed with ADHD were treated with either Ritalin® or food supplements containing a mix of vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, amino acids, essential fatty acids, phospholipids, and probiotics targeting biochemical risk factors for ADHD. (lifeextension.com)
Therefore, we designed a protein-free dispersion media containing phospholipids and amino acids in an isotonic balanced electrolyte solution, a solution for nasal and olfactory transport (SNOT). (cdc.gov)

Cloning of an amino acid transporter with functional characteristics and tissue expression pattern identical to that of system A". J Biol Chem. (wikipedia.org)

Low-affinity system: This system is present in the S1-S2 part of the proximal tubule and is responsible for 90% of L-cystine reabsorption. (medscape.com)

If hyperinsulinaemia is not supported by an exogenous amino acid supply, plasma as well as muscle free amino acid concentrations fall because of reduced splanchnic release. (bmj.com)
Quantitative analysis of individual free amino acids in relation to time and depth in the soil profile. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Cholesterol reduced both counterflow and proton motive force -driven leucine transport. (bvsalud.org)
The leucine transport activity decreased with the membrane fluidity , as determined by steady- state fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene incorporated into the fused membranes , suggesting that the membrane fluidity controls the activity of the branched-chain amino acid carrier. (bvsalud.org)

Our results indicate that SNAT2 transports betaine, and that tonicity-sensitive SNAT2 expression may be involved in regulation of betaine concentration in placental trophoblasts. (elsevierpure.com)

Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic. (lookformedical.com)

Based on a predicted model of UMAMIT29, we propose that the substrate transporting cavity consists of 51 residues, of which four are highly conserved residues across all the analyzed homologs of UMAMIT29. (frontiersin.org)
A comparison of the putative substrate binding site of homologs within the brassicaceous-specific, glucosinolate-transporting clade with the non-brassicaceous-specific, non-glucosinolate-transporting UMAMIT32 clade identified 11 differentially conserved sites. (frontiersin.org)
However, both the substrate transporting cavity and the determinants of substrate specificity within the cavity of UMAMITs for any substrate remains unknown. (frontiersin.org)
Based on distance-based protein folding tools, we predict the substrate-transporting cavity of UMAMIT29. (frontiersin.org)
Based on our model, we proposed a substrate-transporting cavity of UMAMIT29 defined by helix I to IV and VI-IX and selected 51 residues as putative substrate binding sites based on solvent accessibility ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

Glucosinolates are amino-acid-derived, specialized metabolites characteristic of the Brassicales order. (frontiersin.org)
Impairment of these processes may have a particularly severe effect on tissues that require a large amount of energy, such as the nervous system, resulting in the neurological problems characteristic of Arts syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)

[ 10 ] In 1961, Milne et al demonstrated reduced intestinal absorption of dibasic amino acids in persons with cystinuria. (medscape.com)
In other words, it is one of the fundamental ways the body facilitates the absorption of minerals into the system. (naturalhealthscience.com)
Thus, laboratory-produced amino acid chelated minerals mimic one of the body's own preferred methods of enhancing mineral absorption. (naturalhealthscience.com)

Nephropathic cystinosis is an inherited (autosomal recessive) lysosomal storage disorder caused by defective transport of the amino acid cystine out of lysosomes. (medscape.com)

Due to a dedicated amino acid transport system found in cells of the intestinal wall, amino acids are particularly well-absorbed through the gastrointestinal mucosa. (naturalhealthscience.com)

2 On the other hand, if amino acid concentrations are maintained at normal or higher concentrations, net protein deposition in muscle will occur because of stimulation of synthesis and possibly because of a simultaneous decrease in breakdown. (bmj.com)
The importance of amino acid availability for the stimulatory effects of insulin to be evident was highlighted by Bennet et al , 3 who reported that insulin, given with sufficient amino acids, can stimulate leg and whole body protein balance by mechanisms including stimulation of protein synthesis and inhibition of protein breakdown. (bmj.com)
Also, it is well established that the stimulatory effect of amino acids on muscle protein synthesis is greater after exercise than at rest. (bmj.com)
Recently, members of the Usually Multiple Amino acids Move In and Out Transporter (UMAMIT) family were shown to be essential for facilitating transport of seed-bound glucosinolates from site of synthesis within the reproductive organ to seeds. (frontiersin.org)

CHAPTER 1 Amino Acid and Peptide Transport Systems. (pdfdrive.com)
Hopefully, zilucoplan will be soon approved, which is very interesting, because it's a 15-amino acid macrocyclic peptide molecule targeting not only C5 but also C5b . (medscape.com)

This transport creates concern for potential neurotoxicity of insoluble nanomaterial s and a need for toxicity screening tests that detect nose-to-brain transport. (cdc.gov)
These findings support the potential for SNOT to disperse nanomaterial s in a manner permitting nose-to-brain transport for neurotoxicity studies. (cdc.gov)
Roles of neuroactive amino acids in ammonia neurotoxicity. (cdc.gov)

Laboratories that perform biochemical genetic testing are required by CLIA regulations to meet the general quality systems requirements for nonwaived testing and the personnel requirements for high-complexity testing. (cdc.gov)
These recommendations also are intended as a resource for medical and public health professionals who evaluate laboratory practices, for users of laboratory services to facilitate their collaboration with newborn screening systems and use of biochemical genetic tests, and for standard-setting organizations and professional societies in developing future laboratory quality standards and practice recommendations. (cdc.gov)

Zinpro ProPath LQ Zn 180 (zinc amino acid complex) is an exceptionally versatile nutritional ingredient designed for liquid feed applications across species and diets. (zinpro.com)
Find out how nutrients such as essential fatty acids, B vitamins, choline, phosphatidylserine, amino acids, and zinc can help manage ADHD symptoms without the dangerous side effects of stimulant drugs. (lifeextension.com)

It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. (lookformedical.com)

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. (lookformedical.com)

Methionine transport by mycelia of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Here, we set out to identify amino acid residues responsible for glucosinolate transport activity of the main seed glucosinolate exporter UMAMIT29 in Arabidopsis thaliana . (frontiersin.org)
When each of the 11 residues of UMAMIT29 was individually mutated into the corresponding residue in UMAMIT32, five mutant variants (UMAMIT29#V27F, UMAMIT29#M86V, UMAMIT29#L109V, UMAMIT29#Q263S, and UMAMIT29#T267Y) reduced glucosinolate transport activity over 75% compared to wild-type UMAMIT29. (frontiersin.org)
This suggests that these residues are key for UMAMIT29-mediated glucosinolate transport activity and thus potential targets for blocking the transport of glucosinolates to the seeds. (frontiersin.org)
By comparing differentially conserved residues within the predicted cavities between glucosinolate-transporting and non-glucosinolate-transporting UMAMITs, we identify 11 candidate residues. (frontiersin.org)
Transport activity assays of mutant variants with a single point amino acid substitution in each site UMAMIT29 suggest that five of these residues are critical for glucosinolate transport. (frontiersin.org)
We hypothesised that the transport cavity contains highly conserved residues that are key for the transport activity. (frontiersin.org)

1998. Ammonia: Emission, atmospheric transport and deposition. (cdc.gov)

Temperature dependence of nucleoside membrane transport in rabbit alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (uconn.edu)

Our trace minerals rely on a uniquely designed amino acid transport system for greater efficiency and efficacy. (zinpro.com)
The latter is an organic acid found in many fruits, which effectively bonds to many minerals and trace nutrients and serves as a very effective transporter across the gastrointestinal mucosa (the lining which covers the inside of the stomach and intestines). (naturalhealthscience.com)
Succinic acid is an organic acid (that occurs naturally in both plant and animal tissue) involved in the Kreb's Cycle (energy producing cycle of chemical reactions within the cells) which forms a well-absorbed chelate with minerals such as calcium and magnesium in the gastrointestinal tract. (naturalhealthscience.com)
In fact, chelation of minerals in digested food with amino acids is a process that occurs naturally in the gut. (naturalhealthscience.com)
Also, amino acid chelation of minerals helps to counter competitive interactions that can occur between different minerals (e.g., between calcium and magnesium) when they are taken as inorganic salts (e.g., dolomite). (naturalhealthscience.com)
000000001100000000000000000000 DSDSUPIDSupplement ID number È DSDSUPP Supplement name DSDSRCE Supplement information source Ò DSDTYPE Formulation Type Ú DSDSERVQServing size quantity â DSDSERVUServing size unit ê DSDCNTV Count of vitamins in the supplement ò DSDCNTM Count of minerals in the supplement ú DSDCNTA Count of amino acids in the supplement DSDCNTB Count of botanicals in the supplement DSDCNTO Count of other ingredients in supplement HEADER RECORD*******OBS HEADER RECORD! (cdc.gov)

2000). "Primary structure, functional characteristics and tissue expression pattern of human ATA2, a subtype of amino acid transport system A.". Biochim. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, pathogens must have specific mechanisms for mediating colonization, avoiding the host's immune system, and acquiring necessary nutrients. (cdc.gov)
We thus endeavor to understand how the pathogen adapts to the host microenvironment, what selective pressures are acting on the pathogen in each microenvironment, what bacterial factors are responsible for the host damage, and how the immune system is evaded. (cdc.gov)
A dampening of the immune system, or immunosuppression can occur with the taking of various pharmaceuticals. (vitanetonline.com)

The effect of cholesterol on the activity of the branched-chain amino acid transport system of Streptococcus cremoris was studied in membrane vesicles of S. cremoris fused with liposomes made of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine , soybean phosphatidylethanolamine, and various amounts of cholesterol . (bvsalud.org)
Effect of phagocytosis on membrane transport of non-electrolytes. (uconn.edu)
Membrane transport in rabbit alveolar macrophage. (uconn.edu)
Membrane transport of nucleosides in rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (uconn.edu)
The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of the system A amino acid transporter and the Na+/H+ exchanger in vesicles isolated from the microvillous membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast of placentas of appropriate and small for gestational age babies. (manchester.ac.uk)
A mineral chelator is a substance that tightly bonds with a mineral atom and transports the mineral through the gastrointestinal mucosa, the blood vessel wall and/or the cell membrane. (naturalhealthscience.com)

The central dopaminergic system is of interest in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. (jneurosci.org)

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. (lookformedical.com)

Amino Acid Transport System y+L" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (musc.edu)

It reveals the remarkable complexity of the various systems that work together to sustain life. (freescience.info)

Based on 3-d structures of APC superfamily members, Rudnick ( 2011 ) has proposed the pathway for transport and suggested a 'rocking bundle' mechanism of transport. (tcdb.org)

Meat contains all the essential amino acids that we need every day to remain as healthy individuals. (bartleby.com)
A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)

Therefore, when a mineral atom is strongly bonded with amino acids, it is far more efficiently absorbed into the blood than it would be in the form of an inorganic salt, such as calcium lactate or calcium carbonate. (naturalhealthscience.com)

Given its particular distribution in normal human tissues and its potential roll as an immune modulator and in amino acid transport, tissue tolerance and protection against retroviral infection, syncytin could be a potential target for immune therapy using specific inhibitors. (ecancer.org)

Its primary function is to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. (freescience.info)

Anatomy26

Organisms12

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs135

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes57

Information Science4

Health Care1

Transporters5

Uptake13

Lysine4

Proteins6

Metabolism1

Renal5

Excretion1

Cationic amino2

Cations1

High affinity2

Broad-specificity1

Neutral amino acid3

Phospholipids2

Biol Chem1

Affinity1

Free amino2

Leucine2

SNAT21

Aromatic1

Substrate5

Characteristic2

Absorption3

Cystine1

Intestinal1

Synthesis4

Peptide2

Neurotoxicity3

Biochemical2

Zinc2

Glycine1

Exogenous1

Methionine1

Residues6

19981

Macrophages1

Minerals6

Subtype1

Immune system3

Membrane6

Pathophysiology1

Organic1

MeSH1

Sustain1

Mechanism1

Essential2

Strongly1

Tissue1

Nutrients1