• By using sequence alignment of herpesviruses homologs, we identified conserved amino acids in the putative pUL105 ATP binding site and in the putative pUL70 zinc finger pattern. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mutational analysis of several of these amino acids both in pUL105 and pUL70, proved that they are crucial for viral replication. (frontiersin.org)
  • We also constructed, by homology modeling, a theoretical structure of the pUL105 N-terminal domain which indicates that the mutated conserved amino acids in this domain could be involved in ATP hydrolysis. (frontiersin.org)
  • PhIP is formed at high temperatures from the reaction between creatine or creatinine (found in muscle meats), amino acids, and sugar. (wikipedia.org)
  • We used SPOTscan analysis with overlapping octapeptides to identify the binding regions for the antibodies and then methionine substitution analysis to further define the critical amino acids (aa) in each epitope. (cdc.gov)
  • NEWS Cholera bacteria use specific D-amino acids to escape unfavorable niches and form complex ecological systems. (umu.se)
  • The results unveiled a new role for D-amino acids in stress-driven bacterial chemotaxis. (umu.se)
  • The dual function of these D-amino acids as toxic-compounds and stress signals suggests a role in shaping microbial communities and influencing niche selection. (umu.se)
  • While the role of L-amino acids as signalling molecules has been extensively investigated, the precise function of their D-form counterparts in chemotaxis remains largely unknown. (umu.se)
  • These intriguing molecules, generated from L-amino acids by racemase enzymes, play diverse and specific roles in various cellular processes, including cell wall formation, biofilm stability, spore germination, and interbacterial interactions. (umu.se)
  • Vibrio cholerae , the marine bacterium that causes the acute diarrheal disease Cholera, releases high concentrations of D-amino acids into the environment. (umu.se)
  • In this study, the researchers found that a mutant that did not produce extracellular D-amino acids exhibited reduced swimming capacity. (umu.se)
  • The structural characterization of the sensory protein in complex with both D-amino acids allowed the identification of the key ligand-binding residues and prediction of functional orthologues in other species. (umu.se)
  • The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. (umassmed.edu)
  • The preceding report shows that deletions within the intracellular linker between domains III and IV remove inactivation, but mutation of conserved basic and paired acidic amino acids has little effect. (xenbase.org)
  • Here we show that substitution of glutamine for three clustered hydrophobic amino acids, Ile-1488, Phe-1489, and Met-1490, completely removes fast inactivation. (xenbase.org)
  • This protein is 1,353 amino acids in length, and the monomers assemble to form a homotrimer. (frontiersin.org)
  • The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is located on chromosome 19 and encodes a glycoprotein that is 299 amino acids long. (dovepress.com)
  • Westar, the mutated gene was expressed in yeast and GC analysis revealed the presence of very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (VLCMFAs), indicating that the elongase activity was restored in the LEA FAE1 enzyme by the single amino acid substitution. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Thus, for the first time, the low erucic acid trait in canola B. napus can be attributed to a single amino acid substitution which prevents the biosynthesis of the eicosenoic and erucic acids. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • One key question is how well the different ionic amino acids(K,E,R,D) pair without any influence from the protein and how their solvation affects this. (aiche.org)
  • We used state of the art free energy techniques, replica exchange metadynamics, to quantify both the free energy of forming salt bridges between the different amino acids as well as the free energy of desolvating them. (aiche.org)
  • Results of our mutagenesis studies of conserved amino acids suggest that the function(s) predicted from domains common to tospovirus NSm proteins may be conserved across the genus. (usda.gov)
  • So far, it has been shown that not only various carbohydrates, but also alcohols and amino acids can be glycosylated. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Here we computationally redesign essential enzymes in the first organism possessing an altered genetic code (Escherichia coli strain C321.ΔA) to confer metabolic dependence on non-standard amino acids for survival. (rcsb.org)
  • Because of the evidence of antigen-driven selection and the long CDR3 region (21 amino acids [aa]), we further characterized the epitope targeting of monoclonal Ab (MAb) 76-Q3-2C6 (2C6). (nih.gov)
  • Using 2C6 and variants, alanine scanning mutagenesis identified three amino acids (aa 592, 595, and 596) in the overlapping region of the previously identified peptide. (nih.gov)
  • Additional amino acids at sites 524 and 579 were also identified, helping explain its conformational requirement. (nih.gov)
  • The fact that different amino acids were included in the epitope depending on the targeted protein supports the conclusion that 2C6 targets a native conformational epitope. (nih.gov)
  • When we mapped these amino acids on the trimerized structure, they spanned across oligomers, supporting the notion that the epitope targeted by 2C6 lies in a recessed pocket between two gp41 oligomers. (nih.gov)
  • These replacements also led to production of infective viruses that replaced the acidic residues introduced (E) by nonpolar amino acids, indicating that preservation of the hydrophobic interface is essential for virus replication. (asm.org)
  • The structure shows that cGAS employs two conserved amino acids to anchor to a negatively charged patch on the nucleosome surface. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Induced-fit docking, permitting the sidechains of the amino-acids of P2X4 to move, showed that BX430 could access a deeper portion of the allosteric pocket, and that the sidechain of Lys-298 was important for shaping the cavity. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Induced-fit docking of these compounds in the allosteric pocket enabled us to show that antagonists with high potency (IC ≤ 100 nM) bind deep in the allosteric pocket, disrupting a network of interacting amino acids including Asp-85, Ala-87, Asp-88, and Ala-297, which are vital for transmitting the conformational change following ATP binding to channel gating. (iasp-pain.org)
  • The employed site-directed saturation mutagenesis method uses two primers containing a degenerate mixture of the four bases at the central codon of the three-amino-acids hinge-encoding region. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • E. amylovora strains containing 15, 30, 51, 77, 101, 151, 203 or 737 N-terminal amino acids of DspE fused to the CyaA protein of Bordetella pertussis were infiltrated into tobacco, and cAMP accumulation was measured as an indicator of protein translocation. (actahort.org)
  • Results showed that the first 51 amino acids of DspE were sufficient for minimal protein translocation into the host cell and that translocation levels increased with increasing DspE fragment length. (actahort.org)
  • Based upon this model, 12 amino acids of DspF were identified as putative exposed substrate-binding residues. (actahort.org)
  • The N-terminal 216 amino acids of the mature SzM were found to exhibit a high degree of diversity, but the majority of human isolates grouped in three distinct SzM clusters. (lu.se)
  • Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, virtually nothing is known concerning the amino acid residues that are important for Fur functioning. (usuhs.edu)
  • Therefore, mutations in six conserved amino acid residues of H. pylori Fur were constructed and analyzed for their impact on both iron-bound and apo repression. (usuhs.edu)
  • This study is the first for H. pylori to analyze the roles of specific amino acid residues of Fur in function and continues to highlight the complexity of Fur regulation in this organism. (usuhs.edu)
  • For this experiment, two overlapping primer sets were designed to incorporate appropriate mutations to alter the two amino acid residues. (genengnews.com)
  • 1992), A cluster of hydrophobic amino acid residues re. (xenbase.org)
  • A cluster of hydrophobic amino acid residues required for fast Na(+)-channel inactivation. (xenbase.org)
  • Amino acid residues required for fast Na(+)-channel inactivation: charge neutralizations and deletions in the III-IV linker. (xenbase.org)
  • He has also defined, by site-directed mutagenesis, essential amino acid residues concerned in phosphate transport and transmembrane signalling in the pho regulon in Escherichia coli. (science.org.au)
  • Variants produced by substitution of Cys(972) and Cys(353) by Ser using site-directed mutagenesis have distinctly lower specific activities, supporting the crucial role of these highly conserved redox-sensitive amino acid residues for P-protein activity. (nih.gov)
  • Using site-directed mutagenesis we have shown that both PPDK and PEPS in which the serine and cysteine residues, respectively, were substituted with an alanine the enzymes could be regulated indicating that the serine and cysteine residues, respectively, are not essential for regulation. (scirp.org)
  • Most members of the MIT family are between 300 and 400 amino acyl residues in length and possess two (or three) putative transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs). (tcdb.org)
  • The yeast metal resistance proteins, which are 850-900 amino acyl residues in length, also exhibit two or three putative TMSs. (tcdb.org)
  • The CorA proteins of E. coli and S. typhimurium are each 316 amino acyl residues in length. (tcdb.org)
  • Site-specific mutagenesis studies of three conserved residues in TMS 3 suggest that they contribute to the Mg 2+ transport pathway. (tcdb.org)
  • Site-directed mutagenesis PCR was used to replace codons for candidate residues with alanine, yielding 12 single-site dspF mutant clones. (actahort.org)
  • Hemolysin II (HlyII) - one of the pathogenic factors of Bacillus cereus , a pore-forming β-barrel toxin - possesses a C-terminal extension of 94 amino acid residues, designated as the C-terminal domain of HlyII (HlyIICTD), which plays an important role in the functioning of the toxin. (bvsalud.org)
  • Each of the mutations , ob-tained by multiple site-directed mutagenesis leading to the replacement of amino acid residues lying on the surface of the 3D structure of HlyIICTD, led to a decrease in the interaction of HlyIIC-20 with the mutant form of the protein . (bvsalud.org)
  • Comparison of the effect of the introduced mutations on the effectiveness of interaction between HlyIICTD and HlyIIC-20 and a control antibody recognizing a non-overlapping epitope enabled identifying the amino acid residues N339, K340 included in the conformational antigenic determinant rec-ognized by HlyIIC-20. (bvsalud.org)
  • Site-directed mutagenesis was used to selectively eliminate the IgG binding for each epitope and single and multiple mutations were expressed as recombinant GST fusion proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) is a commonly used technique for introducing mutations into a gene of interest. (genengnews.com)
  • Here we describe the use of New England Biolabs' Gibson Assembly Master Mix in two different mutagenesis experiments: first, multiple mutations of the lacZ gene ( Figure 1 ) and second, the mutation of 5 of the 6 nucleotides at position 174-179 of eGFP from CTGACC to TTCTAT in order to change the amino acid sequence from LeuThr to PheTyr ( Figure 2 ). (genengnews.com)
  • We utilized a saturation mutagenesis approach to simulate all possible mutations in the MERS-CoV full-length S, S Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and DPP4. (frontiersin.org)
  • Compatible with ambiguous bases, substitute based on amino acid position, batch upload for multiple primer sets and add mutations to primer tails. (neb.com)
  • Despite binding HIV envelope protein and having a high number of somatic amino acid mutations, these Abs had poor neutralizing activity. (nih.gov)
  • 2C6 binding is influenced by amino acid mutations across two separate gp41 sections of the envelope trimer. (nih.gov)
  • Mutagenesis sites and sequence variants. (ucsc.edu)
  • Rat and human AICARFT/IMPCHase cDNAs show 84 and 91% homology at the nucleotide and amino acid sequence level, respectively. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The human and avian purH cDNAs are 75 and 81% similar on the nucleotide and amino acid sequence level, respectively. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • A 10-amino acid sequence within the COOH-terminal portion of human AICARFT/IMPCHase has some degree of homology to a previously noted "folate binding site. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • A comparison of known PPDK and PEPS sequences revealed a high level of conservation of the amino acid sequence surrounding the catalytic histidine located within a central domain of the enzymes that was composed of GGXTS/CHAAI/VI/VA/SR with the regulatory threonine and catalytic histidine (shown in bold) conserved in all species. (scirp.org)
  • Genetic studies have exhibited multiple HLA- em DRB1 /em alleles encoding a conserved sequence at amino acid positions 70C74 are associated with susceptibility and severity of RA. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Sequential methionine substitution by SPOTsalogue identified K68, E122, and K131 as critical aa in each epitope to change by site-directed mutagenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Amino Acid Substitution" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Amino Acid Substitution" by people in this website by year, and whether "Amino Acid Substitution" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Amino Acid Substitution" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • We have now identified the essential NSm domains required for tubule formation, movement and symptoms using deletion-mapping and alanine-substitution mutagenesis via the TMV-based system. (usda.gov)
  • We also demonstrated that altering the intermediate amino acid did not alter the specificity of the regulatory proteins for their protein substrates. (scirp.org)
  • If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. (umassmed.edu)
  • Our latest issue of NEB Expressions covers lyophilized assays for regulated markets, our new phi29-XT RCA Kit, web tool updates, and solutions for automating DNA assembly, sequencing, mutagenesis, cell-free protein expression and more! (neb.com)
  • The amino acid changes could alter the protein charge and stability, inducing distinct physiological functions. (dovepress.com)
  • In agreement with published findings regarding different HEA and LEA B. napus cultivars, comparison of FAE1 protein sequences from HEA and LEA Brassicaceae revealed one crucial amino acid difference: the serine residue at position 282 of the HEA FAE1 sequences is substituted by phenylalanine in LEA B. napus cv. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Site directed mutagenesis experiments showed that reducing the positive charge of this surface-exposed region of the E protein DII correlated with improved Ae. (cdc.gov)
  • 2003. Use of transgenic and mutant animal models in the study of heterocyclic amine-induced mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Together with mutagenesis and functional assays, this study provides a near-atomic resolution depiction of how cGAS maintains the resting, inhibited state in the nucleus. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Through enzyme engineering, applying a metagenomic approach as well as directed and random formats of mutagenesis, we were able to generate libraries of variants possessing diversified substrate ranges that expand our synthetic capabilities for combinatorial compound synthesis. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Furthermore, libraries of GtfR variants have been generated by random segmental mutagenesis and have been successfully screened for novel substrate specificities (56). (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • His recent site-directed mutagenesis experiments on the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation have solved the long-standing problem of the nature of the proton channel of the ATP synthase. (science.org.au)
  • The latest version of NEBaseChanger® is available to help design site-directed mutagenesis primers. (neb.com)
  • Six phenotypes were observed as a result of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at amino acid positions 112 and 158. (dovepress.com)
  • Mutagenesis signalling molecules cade. (who.int)
  • Site-directed mutagenesis of lacZ using Gibson Assembly. (genengnews.com)
  • We also offer solutions for automation, site-directed mutagenesis, as well as your favorite restriction enzyme, ligase or competent cell products. (neb.com)
  • Therefore, we strategically employed two-dimensional thermal proteome profiling instead of commonly used mutagenesis approaches. (umu.se)
  • 2002. Sequencing of the rat beta-catenin gene (Ctnnb1) and mutational analysis of liver tumors induced by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • The resulting expression cassette, CerPrP-E226, highlights the single amino acid difference between deer and elk PrP at this position ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • V. cholerae has evolved a "fight and flight" strategy, wherein the genes encoding the D-Arginine chemoreceptor and the broad-spectrum racemase responsible for D-amino acid production are positioned in tandem within a single operon. (umu.se)
  • A single amino-acid difference between human and rat P2X4 (I312T), located in an allosteric pocket, has previously been identified as critical for BX430 sensitivity, implying that BX430 binds in this pocket. (iasp-pain.org)
  • The resulting GMOs cannot metabolically bypass their biocontainment mechanisms using known environmental compounds, and they exhibit unprecedented resistance to evolutionary escape through mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer. (rcsb.org)
  • A neutral amino acid change in segment IIS4 dramatically alters the gating properties of the voltage-dependent sodium channel. (xenbase.org)
  • The human purH cDNA is 1776 base pairs in length encoding for a 591-amino acid polypeptic (Mr = 64,425). (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • APOE is a 299 amino acid plasma glycoprotein associated with LDL, VLDL, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). (dovepress.com)