Alphavirus near ross river virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

family Togaviridae , genus Alphavirus ) is distributed throughout Australasia and has caused outbreaks involving thousands of humans in the western Pacific ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Taxonomically, Ross River virus belongs to the virus genus Alphavirus, which is part of the family Togaviridae. (wikipedia.org)
Rubella virus is the sole member of the Rubivirus genus (Togaviridae family) and is a single-stranded RNA virus. (medscape.com)
Alphaviruses constitute a genus of the Togaviridae family. (medscape.com)
Alphaviruses , like Sindbis Virus and Semliki Forest Virus, belong to the Togaviridae family of viruses . (genetherapynet.com)
Furthermore, Alphavirus is one of the two genera of the family Togaviridae. (pediaa.com)
Alphavirus refers to a genus of single-stranded RNA viruses of the family Togaviridae that are transmitted by arthropods and especially mosquitoes. (pediaa.com)
Equine arboviral encephalomyelitis is due to infection with arthropod-borne viruses typically belonging to the families Togaviridae (genus Alphavirus ) or Flaviviridae (genus Flavivirus ). (msdvetmanual.com)
Ross River virus belongs to the virus genus Alphavirus (family Togaviridae), a group of small enveloped single-strand positive-sense RNA viruses. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
CHIKV is a small (60 - 70 nm) spherical enveloped virus with single- stranded positive sense RNA molecule and belongs to the genus Alphavirus, which included more than 30 species of arthropod borne viruses [1], and the family Togaviridae (Figure 1). (actascientific.com)
Diagram shows the RNA viruses/Togaviridae family viruses/Alphaviruses [Modified from 41]. (actascientific.com)
Alphaviruses are a fascinating and diverse group of viruses that belong to the Togaviridae family. (kreetankhabar.com)
New World alphaviruses are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, while Old World Togaviridae are transmitted by mosquitoes of the Culex and Aedes genera. (kreetankhabar.com)
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease caused by infection with CHIKV, an alphavirus from the Togaviridae family. (who.int)
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a member of the Alphavirus genus of the Togaviridae family1,2. (datexis.com)
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne alphavirus of the Togaviridae family endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, the Philippines, India, and now, the Americas. (logicalimages.com)
Alphaviruses are members of the Togaviridae family of viruses. (unc.edu)
Sindbis viruses are enveloped, single-strand RNA viruses, belonging to the genus of Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae that has more than 30 members [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Zika virus is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus . (cdc.gov)
The other genus is Rubivirus (rubella virus). (pediaa.com)
ABBR: AAV A genus in the parvovirus family whose members cannot replicate without the presence of another virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
New World alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus, are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, while Old World alphaviruses like eastern equine encephalitis virus are transmitted by mosquitoes of the Culex and Aedes genera. (kreetankhabar.com)
Alphaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA infections that participate in the disease family members (genus). (ampkpathway.com)
An infectious cDNA clone has also been constructed for rubella virus, the sole member of the genus (45). (ampkpathway.com)
It is not part of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses classification of viruses (ie, it is not a species, genus, or family), which is based on the nature and structure of the viral genome. (msdmanuals.com)
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Alphaviruses are a genus of ssRNA viruses that are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes. (seekhealthz.com)

In comparison to the highly abundant insect-specific flaviviruses, insect-specific alphaviruses seem to be rare. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Alpha viruses are not found in the Antarctica, and they are also sensitive to temperature above 58°C. Ecological pattern and vector transmission of Alpha viruses is similar to many Flaviviruses like dengue fever virus and yellow fever virus. (actascientific.com)
We intend to sequence the structural proteins of the vaccine strain of yellow fever virus by a combination of nucleotide sequencing and protein sequencing in order to probe the replication strategy of these viruses and to obtain comparative sequence data on several flaviviruses to study their evolution. (grantome.com)
Both alphaviruses and flaviviruses alternate in nature between growth in arthropod vectors (mosquitoes or ticks) and growth in vertebrates and studies of strain divergences are of particular interest. (grantome.com)

There were 18 notifications of dengue virus infection acquired in Australia and 1,390 cases that were acquired overseas, while for 38 cases, the place of acquisition was unknown. (health.gov.au)
However, there have been cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome reported in patients following suspected Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
Recently, CDC concluded that Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects. (cdc.gov)
Due to concerns of microcephaly caused by maternal Zika virus infection, fetuses and infants of women infected with Zika virus during pregnancy should be evaluated for possible congenital infection and neurologic abnormalities. (cdc.gov)
Based on the typical clinical features, the differential diagnosis for Zika virus infection is broad. (cdc.gov)
Because of similar geographic distribution and symptoms, patients with suspected Zika virus infections also should be evaluated and managed for possible dengue or chikungunya virus infection. (cdc.gov)
Infection from a broad range of viruses can result in arthralgias and arthritis. (medscape.com)
In some cases the specific virus involved can be identified on the basis of the clinical features of systemic infection, but in many cases serologic testing is necessary for diagnosis, guided by clinical and epidemiologic data. (medscape.com)
Viruses can cause infection or act as cofactors in the development of rheumatic diseases. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, the use of whole alphaviruses for gene therapy is of limited efficacy both because several internal alphaviral proteins are involved in the induction of apoptosis upon infection and also because the alphaviral capsid mediates only the transient introduction of mRNA into host cells. (genetherapynet.com)
However, the expression of Sindbis virus envelopes may lead to apoptosis, and their introduction into host cells upon infection by Sindbis virus envelope pseudotyped retroviruses may also lead to cell death. (genetherapynet.com)
A unique outbreak of Ross River virus (RRV) infection was reported in Fiji in 1979. (cdc.gov)
Importantly, the Alphavirus infection transmits via infected mosquitoes. (pediaa.com)
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute respiratory infection with the most severe disease in the young and elderly. (bvsalud.org)
Ross River fever (RRF), also known as epidemic polyarthritis, is an illness caused by infection with the Ross River virus, which is related to another mosquito-borne virus, Barmah Forest virus. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Ross River virus infection cannot be spread from human to human. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Ross River virus transmission, infection, and disease: a cross-disciplinary review. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Previous outbreaks of CHIKV infection have been associated with the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti , which is also the vector of yellow fever and dengue viruses. (who.int)
The development of a suitable infection system with primary human cells and an in vivo model allows the study of antibody enhancement in clinically important viruses, such as the recently emerged Zika virus (ZIKV), which infection is enhanced with cross-reactive anti-DENV antibodies33. (datexis.com)
With this virus, a successful infection would lead to the production of the Zs-Green protein. (datexis.com)
In a 2016 report of 110 nonpregnant adults hospitalized due to chikungunya virus infection in Guadeloupe, 42 had a severe form of disease with a syndrome consistent with severe sepsis or septic shock . (logicalimages.com)
Serious outbreaks of alphavirus infection occur worldwide and affect millions of people. (unc.edu)
There are no effective therapies or vaccines against alphavirus infection, yet serious outbreaks of alphavirus infection continue to occur. (unc.edu)
These findings aid our understanding of factors that restrict severe alphavirus-induced disease, and could contribute to the design of effective therapies against alphavirus infection. (unc.edu)
produced JEV RNA in saliva after 21 days at 18 °C. For some mosquito-virus pairs, infection and salivary RNA titres reduced over time, suggesting unstable infection dynamics. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection with alphaviruses is common in the Chinese population. (biomedcentral.com)
Hantavirus Infection Hantaviridae are a family of enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses, which consists of at least 4 serotypes with 9 viruses causing 2 major, sometimes overlapping, clinical syndromes: Hemorrhagic. (msdmanuals.com)
The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that causes outbreaks of chikungunya, a mosquito-borne viral disease. (keystonesymposia.org)
Alphaviruses related to CHIKV, e.g. (keystonesymposia.org)
Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) was first detected in 1952, during a febrile outbreak on the Makonde Plateau, a border area between Mozambique and Tanzania [1]. (actascientific.com)
CHIKV is now included in the re-emerging virus group, particularly due to its recent expansion in the Americas. (actascientific.com)
In this article we discuss the threat to this region that is posed by the recent evolution of the E1:A226V mutant strains of chikungunya virus (CHIKV). (who.int)
Currently, the greatest risk to human health among the alphaviruses is chikungunya virus (CHIKV). (unc.edu)
They are transmitted through blood-feeding insects such as mosquitoes and ticks, and include viruses such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV). (encyclopedia.pub)
Paljud alfaviirused on olulised inimeste patogeenid, sealhulgas ulatuslikke puhanguid põhjustav Chikungunya viirus (CHIKV), Austraalias leviv Ross River viirus (RRV), Ameerikas leviv ida hobuste entsefaliidi viirus (EEEV) ja ka Eestis leiduv Sindbis viirus (SINV). (ut.ee)
SHEEP ANTI-CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS Sheep anti Chikungunya virus antibody has been raised against recombinant CHIKV VLPs, expressed in mammalian cells. (maxanim.com)

People infected with Zika, chikungunya, or dengue virus should be protected from further mosquito exposure during the first few days of illness to prevent other mosquitoes from becoming infected and reduce the risk of local transmission. (cdc.gov)
Also, it can cause febrile illness with rash by dengue virus. (pediaa.com)
Other forms of Flavivirus include Kyasanur Forest disease virus and sometimes dengue virus, which causes hemorrhagic fever, and yellow fever virus, which causes hemorrhagic fever with hepatitis. (pediaa.com)
St.Louis encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Powassan, tick-borne encephalitis viruses, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus are examples of the Flavivirus . (pediaa.com)
This was observed for rabies virus23, influenza virus24, dengue virus (DENV)25,26, Ross River virus (RRV)27, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)28 and Marburg virus29. (datexis.com)
Chikungunya is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (which can also transmit dengue virus ). (logicalimages.com)

Chikungunya and its cousins-Mayaro, Ross River, and O'nyong-nyong viruses-belong to a family of alphaviruses that mosquitoes spread and that cause joint pain. (futurity.org)
It is difficult to separate clinical presentations of CHIKF from other arthropod-transmitted alphaviruses like Barmah Forest virus, Ross River virus, Semliki Forest virus, O'nyong-nyong, Mayaro, Sindbis and similar viruses. (actascientific.com)
Viruses such as chikungunya, Mayaro, O'nyong-nyong and Ross River, all of which cause fever, rash and arthritis, historically had been limited to Africa, Asia and Europe. (innovitaresearch.com)
Mayaro, Ross River, O'nyong-nyong). (cdc.gov)

Ross River virus (RRV) is a small encapsulated single-strand RNA Alphavirus endemic to Australia, Papua New Guinea and other islands in the South Pacific. (wikipedia.org)
Ross River virus (endemic in Australia & Pacific) cause similar incapacitating musculoskeletal disease. (keystonesymposia.org)
Arthritogenic alphaviruses, such as Ross River virus, chikungunya virus and O'nyong-nyong virus, cause endemic disease globally and are a major public health concern. (zoonoses-journal.org)
The three viruses investigated in the present study (VEEV, RRV, JEV) have significant impacts on the health of people and horses (summarised in [ 15 ]) in endemic areas. (biomedcentral.com)

Because RRV is transmitted by mosquitos, it is considered an arbovirus, a non-taxonomic term for viruses borne by arthropod vectors. (wikipedia.org)
In 1956, serological testing suggested an unknown new species of alphavirus (group A arbovirus) was the likely culprit. (wikipedia.org)
Infectious cDNA clones have been constructed for many alphaviruses, including Sindbis virus strain AR339 (15, 21, 31), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (6), Ross River virus (17), Semliki Forest virus (19), and South African arbovirus 86 (37). (ampkpathway.com)
In 1990, we have reported the isolation of a Sindbis-like virus from a pool of Anopheles mosquitoes collected in Xinjiang, China during an arbovirus survey. (biomedcentral.com)
Arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) is defined as any virus that is transmitted to humans and/or other vertebrates by certain species of blood-feeding arthropods, mostly insects (flies and mosquitoes) and arachnids (ticks). (msdmanuals.com)
The term arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) describes a virus that is transmitted by certain species of arthropods. (msdmanuals.com)
West Nile Virus West Nile virus is a flavivirus that is now the primary cause of arbovirus encephalitis in the United States. (msdmanuals.com)

In 1956, an epidemic occurred in the Murray Valley which was compared to "acute viral polyarthritis" caused by Chikungunya virus. (wikipedia.org)
Laboratory diagnosis is generally accomplished by testing whole blood, serum, or plasma to detect virus, viral nucleic acid, or virus-specific immunoglobulin M and neutralizing antibodies. (cdc.gov)
To visualize how the virus interacts with the cell-surface protein, the researchers first flash-froze the viral particles attached to the protein. (futurity.org)
Alphaviruses are of interest to gene therapy researchers, in particular the Ross River virus, Sindbis virus, Semliki Forest virus, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus have all been used to develop viral vectors for gene delivery. (genetherapynet.com)
Viral architecture is very complex, but every virus contains at least a genome and a capsid. (unboundmedicine.com)
Chikungunya fever, a re-emerging viral disease affecting both old and new world countries is caused by Chikungunya virus, an RNA virus belonging to Alphaviridae. (actascientific.com)
Here, we present an investigation of a single viral determinant of alphavirus pathogenesis: the opal termination codon. (unc.edu)
MARCO+ lymphatic endothelial cells sequester arthritogenic alphaviruses to limit viremia and viral dissemination. (ucdenver.edu)
Discrete viral E2 lysine residues and scavenger receptor MARCO are required for clearance of circulating alphaviruses. (ucdenver.edu)
The ability of their vector to enhance viral pathogenesis and transmission makes the development of treatments against these viruses challenging. (encyclopedia.pub)
Arthropod-borne viruses or arboviruses have a unique effect on neutrophil function since viral factors as well as vector factors can affect the activity of these cells. (encyclopedia.pub)

Alphavirus vectors carrying therapeutic or toxic genes used for intratumoral injections have demonstrated efficient tumor regression. (genetherapynet.com)
Alphaviruses are apt to be engineered to create replicon vectors which efficiently induce humoral and T-cell immune responses. (genetherapynet.com)
In contrast, Flavivirus refers to any group of RNA viruses, mostly having arthropod vectors, which cause several serious human diseases. (pediaa.com)
These viruses are primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, with various species serving as vectors. (kreetankhabar.com)
Mosquitoes act as vectors, serving as carriers of the virus from one host to another. (kreetankhabar.com)
Alphaviruses require mosquito vectors to complete their life cycle. (kreetankhabar.com)
The distribution of alphaviruses is influenced by the presence of suitable mosquito vectors and reservoir hosts. (kreetankhabar.com)
Understanding the modes of transmission and the role of mosquito vectors, reservoir hosts, and human hosts is essential for controlling and preventing alphavirus infections and their associated diseases. (kreetankhabar.com)
Alphavirus-based cDNA clones have been modified into expression vectors that are useful for expressing foreign genes in cultured cells and in vivo (29, 36, 42). (ampkpathway.com)
Most alphavirus-based expression vectors have been constructed according to one of two fundamental designs (3, 11, 35). (ampkpathway.com)
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus circulates in enzootic cycles between rodent hosts and mosquito vectors in Mexico, Central and South America [ 16 ] and has a complex transmission cycle involving regular mutation of the virus, facilitating transmission to humans and horses through broadening of the vector and host ranges. (biomedcentral.com)
In areas where these wild reservoirs are close to humans and mosquito vectors feed on both, these viruses can "spill over" into the human population and present a considerable public health threat. (edu.au)

Now that we have these new structures, we can see how to disrupt the interaction between the virus and the protein it uses to get inside cells in the joints and other musculoskeletal tissues in order to block infections," adds co-senior author Daved Fremont, a professor of pathology and immunology, of biochemistry and molecular biophysics, and of molecular microbiology. (futurity.org)
They obtained the images using a chikungunya virus-like particle-which has shape of a virus but cannot cause infections because it carries no genetic material inside-as well as a fully infectious chikungunya virus. (futurity.org)
This report published in Communicable Diseases Intelligence, Volume 28, Number 2 In 2002, discusses the Ross River virus (RRV) infections in Tasmania after the largest number of RRV infections ever recorded for the state was reported. (health.gov.au)
In 2002, Tasmania reported the largest number of Ross River virus (RRV) infections ever recorded for the state. (health.gov.au)
Viruses are also responsible for the common cold, childhood exanthems (such as chickenpox, measles, rubella), latent infections (such as herpes simplex), some cancers or lymphomas (such as Epstein-Barr virus), and diseases of all organ systems. (unboundmedicine.com)
The virus is harmless to macaques or may cause only a herpetic rash in macaques, but in humans it often produces fatal infections of the brain and meninges. (unboundmedicine.com)
This is the point at which alphavirus infections in humans begin. (kreetankhabar.com)
Alphaviruses - mosquito-borne viruses that can trigger brain infections and arthritis - may have met their match. (innovitaresearch.com)
The other branch of alphaviruses, found in the Americas, includes Eastern, Western and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses and causes brain infections. (innovitaresearch.com)
But those antibodies didn't work against all of the viruses that cause arthritis and failed entirely against the ones that cause brain infections. (innovitaresearch.com)
Using mice, they tested each antibody against two alphaviruses that cause arthritis and three that cause brain infections. (innovitaresearch.com)
In a related paper being published in the same issue of Cell, James E. Crowe, MD, of Vanderbilt University Medical Center, also reports that antibodies targeting the E1 protein bind to a wide range of alphaviruses, prevent them from exiting cells and protect animals against both arthritis and brain infections. (innovitaresearch.com)
Crowe started with one that causes brain infections - but arrive at basically the same conclusion: The E1 protein could be the key to universal protection against alphaviruses. (innovitaresearch.com)
If we could figure out how to make a vaccine that targets the E1 protein effectively, it would be a cost-effective way to provide broad protection for people in resource-limited places, which is where most alphavirus infections occur," Diamond said. (innovitaresearch.com)
Although 80% of infections are asymptomatic or lead to mild febrile illness in adults, the virus can be passed from mothers to embryos in the womb. (edu.au)
Infections associated with Mixed cryoglobulinemia After HCV, human immunodeficiency virus is the most common. (seekhealthz.com)

Nonhuman and human primates are likely the main reservoirs of the virus, and anthroponotic (human-to-vector-to-human) transmission occurs during outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
Outbreaks of alphavirus diseases are often localized in areas where these factors converge. (kreetankhabar.com)
With increased global travel, infected individuals can introduce alphaviruses to new regions, potentially leading to outbreaks in areas where the virus was previously absent. (kreetankhabar.com)
Effective surveillance of mosquito populations, reservoir hosts, and human cases is crucial for early detection and response to alphavirus outbreaks. (kreetankhabar.com)

This E3-E2 association has been observed to extend to mature virions in the solved structure for the envelope of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and supported by the solved structure for the entire Venezuelan equine encephalitis virion (VEEV) with exclusive contacts being made between E3-E2. (purdue.edu)
Eastern, Western, or Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses like virus produce one form that shows symptoms such as fever, malaise, headache, and symptoms of encephalitis . (pediaa.com)
Ochlerotatus detritus for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and Ross River virus (RRV), and Culiseta annulata and Culex pipiens for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). (biomedcentral.com)

We further investigate how the opal termination codon contributes to severe disease using a related alphavirus, Sindbis virus (SINV). (unc.edu)
On basis of pBR-XJ160, the effects of substitutions within nonstructural protein 1 (nsP1) or nsP2 on the infectivity and pathogenesis of Sindbis virus (SINV) have been investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
Due to the relative difficulty and risk of handling these dangerous pathogenic alphaviruses, Sindbis virus (SINV), that normally causes a mild rash and arthritis in humans but can cause fatal encephalomyelitis in mice, has been used extensively as a model system for the study of the infectivity and pathogenesis of alphaviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Sindbis virus genome is a single strand of positive-sense RNA of approximately 12 kb which is capped at the 5' terminus and polyadenylated at the 3' terminus. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on the divergence of nucleotide sequencing and biological characteristics, Sindbis virus can be divided into two groups: SINV and Sindbis-like virus (SINLV) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Biological and serological studies show this virus is a new subtype of Sindbis virus firstly isolated in China. (biomedcentral.com)
Complete sequence of the genomic RNA of XJ-160 virus contains 11626nt and shows typical genomic organization of Sindbis virus. (biomedcentral.com)
However, nucleotide difference between XJ-160 virus and prototype Sindbis virus (AR339 strain) is 18%, much more than the nucleotide difference (2~7%) among the Sindbis virus. (biomedcentral.com)
We have constructed a complete cloned DNA copy of the Sindbis virus RNA and are developing techniques to rapidly construct cloned DNA copies inserted next to promoter sequences or restriction sites. (grantome.com)
We have completely sequenced the genome of Sindbis virus, 11703 nucleotides in length, and will map all of the proteins encoded in this RNA to the RNA nucleotide sequence. (grantome.com)

Pairwise amino acid identities to EILV ranged between 67 and 88 % for the corresponding proteins, suggesting that TALV defines a proposed new alphavirus species. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Scientists took the protein from mice, but people have the same protein, and the virus interacts with the mouse and human proteins in virtually identical ways. (futurity.org)
The main difference between Alphavirus (Togavirus) and Flavivirus is that Alphavirus contains structural proteins at the 5′ end, whereas Flavivirus contains structural proteins at the 3′ end. (pediaa.com)
Alphavirus contains structural proteins at the 5′ end, while Flavivirus contains structural proteins at the 3′ end. (pediaa.com)
The structural proteins of the Alphavirus occur at the 5′ end of the genome. (pediaa.com)
These outcomes demonstrate that 2A fusion protein-expressing alphaviruses could be particularly perfect for applications that want enduring manifestation of an individual proteins or coexpression of two alternate proteins. (ampkpathway.com)
Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
MOUSE ANTI-CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS VLP ANTIBODY (D7) This mouse anti Chikungunya virus VLP antibody (D7) recognises Chikungunya virus-like particles (VLP) containing E1, E2 and Capsid proteins. (maxanim.com)

Eilat virus, a unique alphavirus with host range restricted to insects by RNA replication. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Salmonid alphavirus replication in mosquito cells: towards a novel vaccine production system. (microbiologyresearch.org)
However, active virus replication was not observed (Fig. 1c,d) in both cell types. (datexis.com)
The opal termination codon is a conserved element within alphavirus genomes that regulates several aspects of alphavirus replication. (unc.edu)
We will continue our study of the molecular biology of alphavirus replication in several ways. (grantome.com)
We will attempt to obtain infectious RNA from such cloned copies which would in turn allow numerous experiments which probe the replication strategy of this virus. (grantome.com)
To prevent infected cell lysis, recombinant replication deficiency virus has been developed as a gene delivery tool to replace wild-type adenovirus (recombinant AdV in "application" part). (genemedi.com)

The virions (virus particles) themselves contain their genome in a protein capsid 700 Å in diameter. (wikipedia.org)
The genome of alphaviruses consists of a single stranded positive sense RNA . (genetherapynet.com)
Genome organisation of Semliki Forest virus. (genetherapynet.com)
Alphavirus and Flavivirus are two viruses with a positive-strand RNA genome . (pediaa.com)
Alphavirus and Flavivirus are two RNA viruses that contain a positive-stranded RNA genome. (pediaa.com)
This study reports the detection, whole genome sequencing and analysis of the virus responsible (designated JEV/Australia/NT_Tiwi Islands/2021). (bvsalud.org)
The 400 known viruses are classified in several ways: by genome core (RNA or DNA), host (animals, plants, or bacteria), method of reproduction (such as retrovirus), mode of transmission (such as enterovirus), and disease produced (such as hepatitis virus). (unboundmedicine.com)
Alphaviruses are a group of small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses with a positive-sense genome. (kreetankhabar.com)
It is a medium sized (90-100nm) and non-enveloped virus with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a 36kb double stranded DNA genome (Fig. 7A). (genemedi.com)

In 1959, a new alphavirus was identified in samples from a mosquito (Aedes vigilax) trapped in the Ross River, located in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. (wikipedia.org)
The southern saltmarsh mosquito (Aedes camptorhynchus), which is known to carry the Ross River virus, was discovered in Napier, New Zealand, in 1998. (wikipedia.org)
Whilst the emergence in Europe of dengue and chikungunya has been associated with Aedes aegypti and the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus [ 2 ], for most of the equine viruses Culex mosquitoes are significantly involved in transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
Viruses such as dengue , Zika and chikungunya are responsible for the commonest human mosquito borne diseases and are transmitted between humans by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, predominantly in urban environments. (edu.au)
In the early 2000s, a structural change in the virus appears to have allowed it to become more easily transmitted by Aedes albopictus . (edu.au)

Rubella virus naturally infects humans, primarily women, and is transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions, with a peak incidence in late winter and spring. (medscape.com)

For a time, it was thought to be a separate species, but is now considered conspecific with Ross River virus. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies to Ross River virus have been found in a wide variety of placental and marsupial mammals, and also in a few bird species. (wikipedia.org)
Phylogenetic analyses placed TALV as a sister species to EILV with a basal relationship to the western equine encephalitis virus complex. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In 2018, Diamond, Fremont, and colleagues identified the protein Mxra8, found on the outer surface of cells in the joints, as the molecular handle that chikungunya and related viruses grasp to gain entry into cells of mice, humans, and other species. (futurity.org)
Different alphaviruses are associated with specific mosquito species, making their geographic distribution and transmission patterns diverse. (kreetankhabar.com)
The alphavirus group includes more than 30 species, split into two branches. (innovitaresearch.com)
These viruses usually circulate within the wild vertebrate population and may be transmitted by a large number of mosquito species. (edu.au)
A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing encephalomyelitis in Equidae and humans. (uchicago.edu)
The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)

There are 27 alphaviruses, able to infect various vertebrates such as humans, rodents, birds, and larger mammals such as horses as well as invertebrates. (genetherapynet.com)
Alphaviruses are primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. (kreetankhabar.com)
The other important viruses of this group are JC virus (associated with neurological degeneration), BX virus (which suppresses immune system of humans), K virus of mice, etc. (biologydiscussion.com)
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes, ticks, sand flies, or midges. (cdc.gov)
Similar to other SINVs, XJ-160 virus causes fever, rash, and arthritis in humans but causes an age-dependent encephalitis in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
These viruses may spread to humans from nonhuman reservoirs, but most arboviral diseases are not transmissible by humans, perhaps because the typical viremia is inadequate to infect the arthropod vector. (msdmanuals.com)

The new virus was named Ross River virus, and the disease Ross River fever. (wikipedia.org)
The child had a fever and a rash but no arthritis, making the link between RRV and Ross River fever less than concrete. (wikipedia.org)
RRV was isolated in an Australian patient suffering from Ross River fever in 1985. (wikipedia.org)
Some of the most virulent diseases are caused by viruses, e.g., the hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
The largest Australian Ross River fever epidemic occurred in 2015, with 9,550 reported cases. (edu.au)

Marklewitz M , Zirkel F , Kurth A , Drosten C , Junglen S . Evolutionary and phenotypic analysis of live virus isolates suggests arthropod origin of a pathogenic RNA virus family. (microbiologyresearch.org)

In brief, Alphavirus and Flavivirus are two genera of viruses that contain positive-sense RNA genomes. (pediaa.com)

Scientists are evaluating the virus-like particles in clinical trials as a potential vaccine for chikungunya. (futurity.org)
Alphaviruses particles are enveloped have a 70 nm diameter, tend to be spherical and have a 40 nm isometric nucleocapsid. (genetherapynet.com)
Ross River virus recombinant protein is a structural polyprotein, a recombinant preparation containing virus-like particles and aggregates thereof produced in HEK293 cells and purified from culture supernatant. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Further experiments showed that the antibodies worked by blocking developing virus particles from exiting one cell en route to infecting another. (innovitaresearch.com)
The expelling of virus particles from the body. (lookformedical.com)

The South American variant, now called Madariaga virus (MADV), is less pathogenic and is confined to Central and South America. (msdvetmanual.com)

Further serological testing showed that patients who had suffered "epidemic polyarthritis" in Queensland had antibodies to the virus. (wikipedia.org)
Immunization with monoclonal antibodies against VEEV E3 provided protection for mice challenged by lethal doses of VEEV and suggests potential new targets for antibody neutralization, but it is currently unclear if E3 is retained on mature VEEV virus. (purdue.edu)
Using non-replicating expression systems that avoid virus-culturing artifacts, we discovered that Moloney murine leukemia virus or baculovirus pseudotyped with the alphavirus envelope spike complex of VEEV demonstrates a pH-dependent retention of E3 on mature virus for both mammalian cells and insect cells through indirect-immunofluorescence assays and neutralization studies using polyclonal antibodies against VEEV E3. (purdue.edu)
This is a paradoxical phenomenon of antibodies forming complexes by binding to viruses, which then interact with cell surface receptors and promote entry into susceptible host cells, subsequently increasing virus replication21,22. (datexis.com)
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified two antibodies that protect animals from disease caused by alphaviruses. (innovitaresearch.com)
The antibodies worked for every alphavirus tested, meaning they potentially could form the basis of treatments or serve as a template for a universal vaccine. (innovitaresearch.com)
Diamond and colleagues previously identified a group of antibodies that neutralize many members of the arthritis-causing branch of the alphavirus group. (innovitaresearch.com)
To find antibodies that would protect against the whole alphavirus group, Diamond and colleagues - including co-first authors Arthur S. Kim, PhD, then a graduate student, and Natasha M. Kafai, an MD/PhD student - screened a set of antibodies produced by two people who had been infected with chikungunya virus. (innovitaresearch.com)
They tested the antibodies against a panel of alphaviruses representing both branches of the group. (innovitaresearch.com)
Two antibodies recognized all of the alphaviruses tested. (innovitaresearch.com)
Both antibodies protected the animals against all of the viruses. (innovitaresearch.com)
Virus-specific IgM antibodies in CSF or serum. (cdc.gov)
Virus-specific IgM antibodies in CSF or serum but with no other testing. (cdc.gov)

Zika virus RNA has been identified in asymptomatic blood donors during an ongoing outbreak. (cdc.gov)
Many people infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
As an arboviral disease , Zika virus is a nationally notifiable condition. (cdc.gov)
No specific antiviral treatment is available for Zika virus disease. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus was responsible for an unprecedented epidemic in the Americas in 2016 which was declared by the WHO to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. (edu.au)

The lipid-containing envelope of the Alphavirus contains glycoproteins for the mediate attachment, fusion, and penetration. (pediaa.com)

There are limitations to the use of alphaviruses in the field of gene therapy due to their lack of targeting, however, through the introduction of variable antibody domains in a non-conserved loop in the structure of E2, specific populations of cells have been targeted. (genetherapynet.com)
In addition, XJ-160 virus possesses some special biological characteristics, for example, we found that XJ-160 virus can be neutralized by anti-Sindbis antibody, but SINV can't be neutralized by anti-XJ-160 antibody, i.e. it has nonreciprocal serological reaction between XJ-160 virus and SINV. (biomedcentral.com)
CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS E2 PROTEIN ANTIBODY (18H01) Mouse anti Chikungunya virus E2 protein antibody is specific for the E2 envelope protein of Chikungunya virus. (maxanim.com)
MOUSE ANTI-CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS CAPSID PROTEIN (19B02) Mouse anti Chikungunya virus Capsid protein antibody is specific for the Capsid protein of Chikungunya virus. (maxanim.com)

The hallmarks of arthritogenic alphavirus disease are debilitating pain, and potentially chronic inflammation of the muscles, thus influencing quality of life. (zoonoses-journal.org)

Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus primarily associated with acute and chronic joint pain. (edu.au)

Evolutionary patterns of eastern equine encephalitis virus in North versus South America suggest ecological differences and taxonomic revision. (microbiologyresearch.org)

In this article, we will delve into the intriguing world of alphaviruses, exploring their structure, transmission, associated diseases, and the ongoing efforts to combat them. (kreetankhabar.com)
Both are mosquito-borne viruses that have emerged as fatal equine diseases, in Peru and Argentina respectively, within the last 25 years. (biomedcentral.com)
Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)
A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)

In the U.S., the alphavirus we worry most about is chikungunya virus, which can cause debilitating arthritis, but we also do see cases of encephalitis caused by Eastern equine encephalitis virus," said senior author Michael S. Diamond, MD, PhD , the Herbert S. Gasser Professor of Medicine and a professor of molecular microbiology and of pathology & immunology. (innovitaresearch.com)
Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine" by people in this website by year, and whether "Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)

Additionally, this vaccine shows cross-protection against Ross River virus. (keystonesymposia.org)
Chimeric alphavirus vaccine candidates for chikungunya. (uchicago.edu)

The alphavirus group consists of about 20 viruses, many of which are important human veterinary pathogens. (grantome.com)

In July and August 1956 and 1957, a virus recovered from mosquitoes collected near Tokyo, Japan, and was dubbed Sagiyama virus. (wikipedia.org)
We detected a novel alphavirus, tentatively named Taï Forest alphavirus (TALV), in Culex decens mosquitoes collected in Ivory Coast. (microbiologyresearch.org)
As a Sindbis-like virus (SINLV), XJ-160 virus was isolated from a pooled sample of Anopheles mosquitoes collected in Xinjiang, China, in 1990. (biomedcentral.com)

These viruses are arboviruses, most often transmitted by a mosquito host. (unc.edu)
Most arboviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes, but some are transmitted by ticks, and one (Oropouche virus) is transmitted by midges. (msdmanuals.com)

There are 27 Alphaviruses classified according to their antigenic properties. (pediaa.com)
Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity. (lookformedical.com)

The common influenza viruses have antigens that mutate or combine readily, requiring new vaccines with each mutation. (unboundmedicine.com)

The virus was first isolated in 1959 from a mosquito trapped along the Ross River in Townsville, Queensland. (thenativeantigencompany.com)

But in up to half of patients, the virus can cause severe arthritis that persists for months or years. (futurity.org)
Therefore, the study of factors that contribute to severe alphavirus-induced disease is essential. (unc.edu)
Some viruses also can cause more characteristic clinical manifestations, such as severe polyarthralgia or arthritis due to Chikungunya virus or other alphaviruses (e.g. (cdc.gov)

It is not presently known what reservoir hosts support Ross River virus in metropolitan areas such as Brisbane. (wikipedia.org)
Many alphaviruses have reservoir hosts, which are typically wild birds or mammals that can maintain and amplify the virus in nature. (kreetankhabar.com)

Many mosquito-borne viruses are classed as "emerging pathogens" because their incidence and geographic range is increasing. (edu.au)

Of particular interest are the chimeric viruses that may be formed with alphaviral envelopes and retroviral capsids. (genetherapynet.com)

Most viruses associated with hemorrhagic fevers are classified in the families Arenaviridae and Filoviridae . (msdmanuals.com)

Members of NAMAC have expertise in virus and disease surveillance, epidemiology, virology, vector ecology, vector control and quarantine, and represent agencies with a substantial interest in this area. (health.gov.au)
The number of cases of Ross River (RRV) disease have fluctuated in Tasmania between 8 and 117 during the period 1995-2002. (health.gov.au)
Alphavirus is a disease-causing virus that occurs in two forms. (pediaa.com)
Flavivirus is also a disease-causing virus that causes encephalitis. (pediaa.com)
When viruses enter a cell, they may immediately trigger a disease process or may remain quiescent for years. (unboundmedicine.com)
This work describes the consequences of such mutations on alphavirus disease severity. (unc.edu)
Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)

Most alphaviruses are transmitted by arthropods and infect vertebrate hosts. (microbiologyresearch.org)
This group of viruses have been known to cause significant morbidity and mortality around the world, with the potential to spread quickly and expand their geographical range due to their distinct mode of transmission using arthropods. (encyclopedia.pub)

Anatomy1

Organisms6

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs2

Phenomena and Processes2

Health Care2

Geographicals2

Togaviridae18

Genus9

Flaviviruses4

Infection28

CHIKV9

Dengue virus6

Mayaro4

Endemic4

Arbovirus7

Viral11

Vectors12

Infections16

Outbreaks4

Venezuelan3

Sindbis Virus10

Proteins8

Replication7

Genome9

Aedes5

Rubella virus1

Species9

Humans6

Fever5

Family1

Genera1

Particles5

Pathogenic1

Antibodies13

Zika5

Glycoproteins1

Antibody4

Arthritogenic1

Primarily1

North versus South1

Diseases4

Encephalitis virus4

Vaccine2

Consists1

Mosquitoes collected3

Arboviruses2

Antigenic2

Antigens1

19591

Severe3

Reservoir hosts2

Pathogens1

Chimeric viruses1

Hemorrhagic1

Disease7

Arthropods2