• The neurotrophins (NTs) have recently been shown to elicit pronounced effects on quantal neurotransmitter release at both central and peripheral nervous system synapses. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here, using BDNF as a prototypical example, the authors provide an update of recent evidence demonstrating that NTs enhance quantal neurotransmitter release at synapses through presynaptic mechanisms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Catecholamine neurotransmitter levels in the synapses of the brain shape human disposition- cognitive flexibility, aggression, depression, and reward seeking-and manipulating these levels is a major objective of the pharmaceutical industry. (elsevierpure.com)
  • synapses use neurotransmitter to carry information from cell to cell. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Biochemical and more recently molecular genetic techniques complemented these largely physiological studies, first identifying an ever increasing number of neurotransmitter agents used at chemical synapses, and ultimately the ion channels activated by these agents as well as the ion channels responsible for action potential conduction. (scholarpedia.org)
  • Cho, S & von Gersdorff, H 2012, ' Ca 2+ influx and neurotransmitter release at ribbon synapses ', Cell Calcium , vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 208-216. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI), is a type of drug that acts as a combined reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are also similar to serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents (SNDRAs) like MDMA ("ecstasy") and α-ethyltryptamine (αET) for the same reason, although they act via a different mechanism and have differing physiological and qualitative effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dopaminergic Agents: Medication that increases the neurotransmitter dopamine. (oncolink.org)
  • Depletes neurotransmitter stores of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline within nerve cells in the brain, thereby altering transmission of electric signals from the brain that control movement by reversibly inhibiting vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). (medscape.com)
  • Dopamine-depleting agent. (medscape.com)
  • Amphetamines increase the amount of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine in the brain by increasing the neuronal release of these neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft (the tiny gap between neurons. (madinamerica.com)
  • Scientific studies at the University of Kansas indicate that that chemotherapy agents alter the ability to release neurotransmitters responsible for memory, serotonin and dopamine. (aromahealthtexas.com)
  • You can likewise eat foods that contain delighted hormonal agents like tyramine, which helps the mind produce dopamine, or tryptophan, which motivates the release of serotonin. (4seasonsoptics.com)
  • and agents acting on neurotransmitter pathways (dopamine agonists). (bvsalud.org)
  • Receptors are protein molecules that bind neurotransmitters and medicinal agents. (helsinkitimes.fi)
  • Alpha adrenergic agents mimic epinephrine and norepinephrine and stimulate the same receptors as these neurotransmitters. (madinamerica.com)
  • Drawing on recent data on enzyme structure, mode of action, and inhibitor design, it describes?from a biochemical point of view?the six most important neurotransmitter systems and their constituent enzymes and receptors. (google.es)
  • Valerian compounds may affect receptors related to a neurotransmitter known as GABA , which is another useful relaxation agent in its own right. (allstarhealth.com)
  • The detection of neurotransmitters in these samples was successful. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • The detection of neurotransmitters has extensively been applied to the study of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic effect of drugs on many neuropsychiatric diseases. (knaw.nl)
  • The SNDRIs are similar to non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as phenelzine and tranylcypromine in that they increase the action of all three of the major monoamine neurotransmitters. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibition of the reuptake of these neurotransmitters increases their extracellular concentrations and, therefore, results in an increase in serotonergic, adrenergic, and dopaminergic neurotransmission. (wikipedia.org)
  • CNS damage typically results from disruption of neurotransmitter metabolism and inhibition of synaptic transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Enhances activity of GABA, major inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS. (medscape.com)
  • Ketamine affects glutamate and GABA -- excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters of the brain. (webmd.com)
  • Facilitation and modulation of neural plasticity through rehabilitative strategies, such as early interventions with repetitive goal-oriented intensive therapy, appropriate non-invasive brain stimulation, and pharmacological agents, are the keys to promote motor recovery. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hydrafinil, recognized for its distinct pharmacological profile, operates as a eugeroic agent, potentially impacting neurotransmitter systems associated with wakefulness and cognitive function. (bc9.org)
  • Here we report that MafB deficiency impairs β cell clustering and islet formation, but also coincides with loss of neurotransmitter and axon guidance receptor gene expression. (lu.se)
  • Axon terminals have __________ and __________ __________ containing neurotransmitters. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • and changes in the density of transporter molecules involved in the reuptake of the neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft. (madinamerica.com)
  • Neurotransmitter function may undergo similar alterations in schizophrenia, manic depression and acute exogenous reaction in these disorders, symptomatology appears to be related to relative functionality of interacting neurotransmitters rather than to the action of a single such agent. (erowid.org)
  • We wonder whether neurotransmitters may affect the MeHg effects on neuronal death. (uchile.cl)
  • The neurotransmitters are available, just not released into the neuronal synapse. (aromahealthtexas.com)
  • It is a neurotoxin that prevents the nerve from releasing acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter that tells the muscle to contract. (oncolink.org)
  • For example, when a human attempts to lift an arm, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) present within PNS transmits a signal to the corresponding muscle receptor to trigger that movement. (llnl.gov)
  • In addition, the book surveys a wide range of proven and prospective therapeutic agents that modulate key processes in the brain, from their chemical synthesis to their mode of action in model systems as well as in the patient. (google.es)
  • The first introduces the neurotransmitter systems and provides a general explanation of the synapse and a description of the main structures involved in neurotransmission that can be considered therapeutic targets for disorders of the central nervous system. (google.es)
  • The second part presents molecular and chemical aspects directly involved or affected in neurodegeneration, including the metabolism of neurotransmitters, enzymes processing neurotransmitters, protein misfolding, and therapeutic agents. (google.es)
  • Evidence of catecholamine dysregulation in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) includes exaggerated increases in heart rate and blood pressure when exposed to visual and auditory reminders of trauma, elevated 24-hour urine catecholamine excretion, decreased platelet alpha-2 adrenergic receptor number, exaggerated behavioral, cardiovascular, and biochemical responses to IY yohimbine, decreased cortical brain metabolism secondary to IV yohimbine, and clinical efficacy of adrenergic blocking agents. (mssm.edu)
  • The organization of the suprachiasmatic circadian pacemaker of the rat and its regulation by neurotransmitters and modulators. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The long-term goal of our research is to understand how cells of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) are organized to form a 24-hr biological clock, and what roles specific neurotransmitters and modulators play in timekeeping and resetting processes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Harvey, AL & Anderson, AJ 1985, ' Dendrotoxins: snake toxins that block potassium channels and facilitate neurotransmitter release ', Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol. 31, no. 1-2, pp. 33-55. (strath.ac.uk)
  • What are the five steps for the release of neurotransmitters? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • There are lots of methods to normally activate the release of these hormonal agents. (4seasonsoptics.com)
  • Anticholinergics: Acts by blocking a neurotransmitter chemical, that controls muscle spasms. (oncolink.org)
  • These agents are used to manage muscle spasms in chorea. (medscape.com)
  • Neurotransmitter involvement in symptomatology of model psychoses induced by hallucinogens is reviewed. (erowid.org)
  • Certain neurotransmitters are extensively sulfonated and inactivated by human sulfotransferase 1A3 (SULT1A3). (elsevierpure.com)
  • The clinical aspects of behavioral disorders by neurotoxic agents were discussed. (cdc.gov)
  • Also, currently available antidepressants all elicit undesirable side-effects, and new agents should be divested of the distressing side-effects of both first and second-generation antidepressants. (wikipedia.org)
  • It includes a mix of natural ingredients that promotes hormonal agent balance without negative effects. (4seasonsoptics.com)
  • Recent epidemiologic studies indicate that infectious agents may contribute to some cases of schizophrenia. (cdc.gov)
  • The second class of non-stimulants are alpha adrenergic agents, such as guanfacine (Intuniv) and clonidine (Kapvay). (madinamerica.com)
  • Named "tabun," this substance, an organophosphate, would eventually be considered the first synthesized nerve agent. (llnl.gov)
  • Nerve agents were formally banned by the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1997, but their illicit use has been detected as recently as 2018. (llnl.gov)
  • To counteract the effects of nerve agents, military forces administer an antidote-injection device known as DuoDote. (llnl.gov)
  • Similar to the way an epinephrine pen introduces adrenaline to the body, DuoDote simultaneously injects 2-PAM, a drug designed to restore the body's nerve function, and atropine, a medication that minimizes the symptoms of nerve-agent poisoning. (llnl.gov)
  • The 2-PAM drug successfully reverses the effect of the nerve agent on the body's peripheral nervous system (PNS), but its chemical composition inhibits it from protecting the central nervous system (CNS), specifically the brain. (llnl.gov)
  • Alarmingly, nerve agents reach the brain rapidly and have long-lasting effects. (llnl.gov)
  • A significant challenge for researchers developing nerve-agent antidotes is creating a drug that simultaneously protects both biological systems. (llnl.gov)
  • Nerve agents work by interrupting the activities of neurotransmitters in the body. (llnl.gov)
  • Nerve agents wreak havoc on the body by deactivating the AChE "cleanup" enzyme. (llnl.gov)
  • Thus, an effective nerve-agent antidote must be able to confer PNS protection while simultaneously penetrating CNS to reactivate AChE. (llnl.gov)
  • The team's focus is two-fold: screening millions of drug activities (a task performed by Livermore scientist Brian Bennion) to see if the antidote counters the nerve agent and assessing the drug's effectiveness at crossing BBB. (llnl.gov)
  • High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has been employed to determine neurotransmitters levels due to its distinct advantages. (knaw.nl)
  • Preliminary studies suggest that Hydrafinil may have mood-enhancing effects, potentially influencing neurotransmitter systems related to mood regulation. (bc9.org)
  • Submitted by Poland, the paper focuses on the overlap between the BTWC and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), as both conventions cover mid-spectrum agents, such as toxins and bioregulators (e.g., neurotransmitter chemicals). (thebulletin.org)
  • However, increased side effects and abuse potential are potential concerns of these agents relative to their SSRI and SNRI counterparts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once used as a perfume agent, Valerian herbal supplements are now used for their potent relaxing and anti-anxiety effects, and also to promote better sleep quality. (allstarhealth.com)
  • Studies propose that Hydrafinil, as a eugeroic agent, may have wakefulness-promoting effects. (bc9.org)
  • Because the viscosity is largely due to the hyaluronic acid component, hyaluronidase is often used as a liquefying agent before chemical analysis is performed. (medscape.com)
  • QNB is an incapacitating agent and has been considered historically for use as a chemical warfare agent. (cdc.gov)
  • A Totally-Encapsulating Chemical Protective (TECP) suit that provides protection against CBRN agents. (cdc.gov)
  • A hooded chemical-resistant suit that provides protection against CBRN agents. (cdc.gov)
  • Agents that attack both the PNS and CNS included acrylamide (79061), n-hexane (110543), methyl-n- butyl-ketone (591786), carbon - disulfide (75150), tri-ortho-cresyl- phosphate (78308), and other organophosphorus compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Degrell I. "Specificity and interaction of the neurotransmitter on the basis of clinical observations" Acta Pharm.Hung. . (erowid.org)
  • A rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS protocol has been established in our lab, which can simultaneously detect 5 neurotransmitters with an easy pretreatment procedure. (knaw.nl)
  • Carboxylic acid commonly used as antiepileptic drug, mood stabilizer in mania, and prophylactic agent for migraine. (medscape.com)
  • Our work eluci-dates a fundamentally important role for synaptically released Zn2+acting as a neurotransmitter signal via the activation of ZnR/GPR39to increase Cl-transport in postsynaptic cells, thereby enhancinginhibitory tone. (bgu.ac.il)
  • The goal of this work was to develop a method for time and position simultaneous deep brain stimulation (DBS) and neurotransmitter detection in an in vivo animal model. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • The mechanism of action of valerian as a relaxation agent is incompletely understood. (allstarhealth.com)
  • Over-expression of these particular genes in DS can lead to dysfunction of several neurotransmitter systems. (nih.gov)
  • These hormonal agents as well as neurotransmitters play an essential function in controling our state of mind and also reducing stress, anxiety, fatigue, as well as anxiety. (4seasonsoptics.com)
  • In animals, infection with Toxoplasma gondii can alter behavior and neurotransmitter function. (cdc.gov)
  • As each regime concentrates on what are perceived to be central issues, the misuse of mid-spectrum agents (for example, in so-called non-lethal agents) could become more and more neglected by both conventions. (thebulletin.org)