• This cellular response to the histocompatibility antigens that occurs in the MLR is also involved in cell-mediated immune responses within an individual and offered an in vitro correlate of cellular immune function. (wikipedia.org)
  • In children who have completed immunizations with diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) or Hib-conjugated vaccines, the antibody response to protein antigens can be tested in adults and older children by measuring IgG antibodies to tetanus or diphtheria toxoid and H influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide antigen. (medscape.com)
  • This phase I trial assessed the safety, efficacy, and immunologic responses to minor histocompatibility antigens following nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 4 In addition, TCRs for minor histocompatibility antigens, including HA-1 and HA-2, have been transferred to donor-derived virus-specific T cells to treat patients with hematologic malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (haematologica.org)
  • An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains. (lookformedical.com)
  • Identification of the major histocompatibility antigens of transplant DONORS and potential recipients, usually by serological tests. (lookformedical.com)
  • Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical ABO blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in order to minimize the likelihood of allograft rejection. (lookformedical.com)
  • The 74-11-10 monoclonal antibody reacts with the swine leucocyte antigen (SLA) class I. This corresponds to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. Class I antigens are expressed on the surface of all nucleated cells with the exception of neurons and trophoblasts. (bioxcell.com)
  • In vitro, these MAbs recognize cell surface antigens present on two additional cell lines, ROS 24/1 and Rat 2 cells, and on the adherent cell population cultured from rat long bone marrow. (docksci.com)
  • A mouse monoclonal antibody to rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 antigens, MRC 0 x 1 8 , was purchased from Serotec (Oxfordshire, UK). (docksci.com)
  • Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning with fludarabine/total body irradiation is feasible and may induce tumor regression or stabilization in some patients. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) is a well-established suicide gene that has been successfully used to control GvHD following donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (haematologica.org)
  • Mn stimulates macrophages via Dectin-2 to induce donor Th17 differentiation after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (ashpublications.org)
  • Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative therapy for various hematopoietic disorders. (ashpublications.org)
  • Worldwide, approximately 90,000 first HSCTs-53% autologous and 47% allogeneic-are performed every year, according to the World Wide Network of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, we used a canine-to-murine xenotransplantation model to quantitatively compare canine muscle cell engraftment, and test the most effective cell population and modulating factor in a canine model of DMD using allogeneic transplantation experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used a clinically acceptable regimen of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to establish mixed donor/host blood cell chimerism and immune tolerance in a canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy ( cxmd ) [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, xenotransplantation accurately predicted results in canine-to-canine allogeneic transplantation experiments, an important pre-clinical model for future human clinical trials. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After several days, lymphocytes underwent blast transformation, DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation in response to the major histocompatibility antigen (MHC Class I and II) differences between the two cell populations designated as Responder and Stimulator cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hepatitis B is not a reliable antigen for testing immune competence because of the high frequency of nonresponders in the population, particularly in persons older than 40 years. (medscape.com)
  • The purified BDC elicited strong allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions and HLA classes II- and I-restricted antigen-specific primary immune responses. (nih.gov)
  • T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer is an attractive strategy for rapid in vitro generation of high numbers of antigen specific T cells. (haematologica.org)
  • Although human CD20 has previously been described as functional selection marker and suicide gene after retroviral transfer to T lymphocytes, 9 , 10 the specificities of these T cells were unknown, and therefore a potential effect of CD20 on antigen-specific T-cell functions could not be investigated. (haematologica.org)
  • T cell-based immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T cell transfer, is limited by the ability of T cells to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented antigen by tumor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
  • It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs. (lookformedical.com)
  • We aimed to clarify whether soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) activated B cells may be loaded with HBcAg18-27 peptide and served as antigen-producing cells (APCs) to induce HBV-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Technically, it is an ex-vivo cellular immune assay that occurs between two allogeneic lymphocyte populations (same species but genetically distinct). (wikipedia.org)
  • In this paper, we review the current literature on both in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. (hindawi.com)
  • We also draw attention to functional differences seen between vivo and in vitro contexts and between species. (pdffox.com)
  • Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo models were used to characterize the development of innate and adaptive antimyeloma immunity following reovirus treatment. (bmj.com)
  • Extensive in vivo and in vitro studies have identified multiple proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes implicated in the pathogenesis of both of these disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another four MAbs (UBIM 10, 11, 14, and 22) bind to a variety of cells and tissues both in vitro and in vivo. (docksci.com)
  • 3 Autologous lymphocytes genetically modified with the TCR for MART-1/Melan-A have been adoptively transferred to patients with advanced melanoma. (haematologica.org)
  • This study focused on the comparison of autologous and allogeneic immune response to iPSC-derived cells and isogeneic parental somatic cells used for reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using the cells obtained from two patients, we analyzed the activation of autologous and allogeneic T-lymphocytes and NK-cells co-cultured with target cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells for HSCT may be obtained from the patient himself or herself (autologous transplant) or from another person, such as a sibling or unrelated donor (allogeneic transplant) or an identical twin (syngeneic transplant). (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] More than half of autologous transplantations are performed for multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma , and the vast majority of allogeneic transplants are performed for hematologic and lymphoid cancers. (medscape.com)
  • Similar results were obtained using biotinylated CMRF-56 mAb, an antibody identifying a comparable population in cultured PBMC. (nih.gov)
  • T-cell clones were stimulated every 10-14 days with irradiated allogeneic PBMC and phyto-hemagglutinin in IMDM with 5% human serum (HS), 5% FBS and 100 IU/mL IL-2 as previously described. (haematologica.org)
  • In an alternate model, influenza vaccine peptide-bearing tetramers were able to detect influenza-specific T cells only after PBMC from influenza-vaccinated individuals were expanded in vitro by a 7-day culture with Ag ( 6 ). (aai.org)
  • Nevertheless, despite the addition of the anti-IL-10 antibody in the PBMC culture from persistently infected piglets, the response of the IFN-gamma producing cells was not restored. (bioxcell.com)
  • Progressive upregulation of checkpoints on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, severely compromising tumor immunity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness and safety of repeated administrations of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) primed with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon-γ in an equine model of chemically-induced osteoarthritis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • The assay set-up consists of purifying responder lymphocytes from peripheral blood, thymus, lymph nodes or spleen and co-culturing with stimulator cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1963. A reaction between leukocytes in mixed peripheral blood cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methods This study used human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and in vitro co-culture of MM cells and BM stromal cells to recapitulate the resistant BM niche. (bmj.com)
  • Applications Tested: This RPA-T4 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • We also present the data of our own research concerning evaluation of the prognostic role of cytokines and lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of the TNBC patients. (cttjournal.com)
  • As a terminal cell type, B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can usually be cultured for 2-3 weeks only, which limits the application of B cells as APCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients were monitored for donor engraftment of myeloid and lymphoid cells, for clinical response by serial imaging, and for immunologic response by in vitro isolation of donor-derived CD8 + CTLs recognizing recipient minor histocompatibility (H) antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Five patients had progressive disease, two patients had stable disease, and one patient experienced a partial response after receiving donor lymphocyte infusions and IFN-α. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Therefore, we sought to translate these results to a clinically relevant canine-to-canine allogeneic transplant model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and determine if CXCR4 is important for donor cell engraftment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All patients achieved initial mixed hematopoietic chimerism with two patients rejecting their graft and recovering host hematopoiesis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Put simply, it is mixing populations of T-lymphocytes (category of white blood cells) together, and measuring the reaction that occurs. (wikipedia.org)
  • No MLR occurred when the Responder cells came from thymectomized animals, whereas bursectomized chicken leukocytes reacted in culture demonstrating that T-cells were the major cell type in Responder cell populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stimulator cell populations that also contain T-cells (Two way mixed lymphocyte reaction) will replicate in the presence of the Responder cells, therefore for a One way mixed lymphocyte reaction, stimulator cells are prevented from replicating by irradiation or treatment with mitomycin C, a DNA crosslinker to prevent cell replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • 6. Alm, G.V. and R.D. Peterson: Effect of thymectomy and bursectomy and the in vitro response of chick spleen cells to PHA sheep erythrocytes and allogeneic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Coupled with reports that allogeneic MSCs have immunoprivileged status and immunomodulatory properties, there has been considerable interest in exploring the use of these cells as a therapeutic option for bone repair. (hindawi.com)
  • EBV-transformed B cells (EBV-LCL) were cultured in IMDM (Cambrex, Verviers, Belgium) with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). (haematologica.org)
  • MM cells co-cultured with BM stromal cells displayed resistance to reovirus-induced oncolysis and bystander cytokine-killing but remained susceptible to killing by reovirus-activated NK cells and MM-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (bmj.com)
  • Cell number should be determined empirically but can range from 10^5 to 10^8 cells/test. (thermofisher.com)
  • These committed progenitor cells are difficult to discern from the original multipotent cells but can be cultured to form colonies of specific types of blood cells (Guyton and Hall, 2000). (nationalacademies.org)
  • These cultured cells, or colony-forming units (CFUs), are coded according to the type of cells that they will ultimately produce (e.g. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Human B cells could be cultured in the presence of sCD40L up to 54 days, and the proportion of B cells in the S phase increased from 0% to 8.34% in the culture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The CD40L-activated B cells may be continually expanded and the B cells significantly up-regulate the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II and induce the expression of CD80 and CD86. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we set up an effective culture method for long-term maintenance of B cells in vitro , in which the B cells are activated by human soluble CD40L (sCD40L). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we provide evidence that the activated B cells may serve as APCs to present core peptide of HBV to cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • FACS analyses showed that the percentage of B cells in the culture increased significantly over the time, and B cells accounted for about 80% of the total PBMCs when the cells were cultured for 54 days (Figure 1a and 1b ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, the PBMCs cultured in the absence of sCD40L contained no B cells analyzed by cytometry 20 days after culture (Figure 1d ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • b) The percentage of B cells increased up to 70.67% of the total cells as cultured for 48 days. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MAbs UBIM 9 and 21 bind to marrow cells in long bone sections, to the 7-day-old nonadherent cell population from cultured marrow, and to lymphoid tissue in sections of spleen. (docksci.com)
  • The MLR was first recognized when researchers mixed leukocytes from two unrelated donors in culture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Central tolerance occurs during lymphocyte development in the primary lymphoid organs (i.e. thymus and bone marrow), where T or B cell clones that recognize autoantigens with high-affinity are deleted. (frontiersin.org)
  • Next, we explored the potential for reovirus-induced immunotherapy using human co-culture models to mimic the myeloma-supportive BM niche. (bmj.com)
  • To prolong the culture period, we added sCD40L into the culture of PBMCs, which resulted in the prolonged culture period as long as 54 days in the presence of sCD40L. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MSCs are able to evade the host cell immune system due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and complete lack MHC class II molecules and other costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD40L, CD80, and CD86) required for immune cell stimulation [ 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • MSCs can be isolated based on their ability to adhere to plastic culture dishes, and they are capable of significant expansion by consecutive in vitro passaging (Pittenger et al. (pdffox.com)
  • We have generated a high affinity and selective humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody, TSR-033, which binds human LAG-3 and serves as a functional antagonist, enhancing in vitro T-cell activation both in mixed lymphocyte reactions and staphylococcal enterotoxin B-driven stimulation assays. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Why are Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions Performed? (wikipedia.org)
  • Clinical and synovial inflammatory signs were quicker reduced in MSC-treated groups and repeated allogeneic administration did not produce adverse reactions, but MSC-primed group showed slight and transient local inflammation after second injection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • citation needed] For research purposes, the MLR cell-based assay continues to provide an in vitro correlate of T cell function. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay was used to evaluate the function of DCs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a coinhibitory receptor associated with impaired T-cell function and is frequently coexpressed with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in the context of human cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In a one-way MLR, only one lymphocyte population can respond or proliferate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although OspA 165-184 stimulated nearly all OspA-specific human T cell clones tested to proliferate and secrete IFN-γ and IL-13, LFA-1α L326-345 stimulated ∼10% of these clones to proliferate and a greater percentage to secrete IL-13. (aai.org)
  • A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
  • It was about 8.21% of total cell population at the initiative culture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • His work covers various topics, including B cell responses to viral infection and vaccination, human primary immunodeficiency, and biology of lymphocyte development and function and to elucidate etiology of immunological disorders. (stanford.edu)
  • lncRNAs and mRNAs in the NP group (DCs isolated from NP) and the test group (DCs isolated from patients with AR) were identified via chip technology and bioinformatic analyses. (frontiersin.org)
  • To enable global accessibility, we generated a cell line that can enable production of thousands of vaccine doses per liter of cell culture and show that DCFHP-alum maintains potency for at least 14 days at temperatures exceeding standard room temperature. (stanford.edu)
  • This response became quantifiable when incorporating radioactive [3H] labelled thymidine or 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), into the mixed cell suspension. (wikipedia.org)
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Cell culture media and trypsin were from Flow Laboratories (Hertfordshire, UK). (docksci.com)
  • 5 - 8 A drawback of TCR gene therapy is the formation of mixed TCR dimers, consisting of transgenic and endogenous TCR α and β chains. (haematologica.org)