Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to detect the relationships among 12 wild accessions and 62 groundcover chrysanthemum cultivars. (ashs.org)
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) and Microsatellite DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
19991
If recognizable to others, animals could increase their reproductive success by 51 selecting mates that possess particular MHC genotypes, such as diverse alleles or specific 52 disease-resistant alleles (Penn & Potts 1999, Mays & Hill 2004). (readkong.com)
RAPD1
1984). Solanum demissum, phic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length poly- a Mexican hexaploid species, has been used extensively morphism (RFLP) markers that are closely linked to the in potato breeding programs. (health-abstracts.com)
Markers9
4, 5 The process involves use of many evenly spaced polymorphic DNA markers to create landmarks across each chromosome. (bmj.com)
This review gives a brief summary on the development of genetic markers including both the classical genetic markers and more advanced DNA-based molecular markers. (biomedcentral.com)
By the 1980s, many different types of DNA molecular markers had been explored, e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
All of these DNA-based markers contain specific advantages and have played significant roles in the evaluation of genetic diversity in farm animals. (biomedcentral.com)
A number of markers are now available to detect nuclear DNA polymorphisms. (intechopen.com)
Through the use of markers that display large distinctions in allele regularity between your populations appealing, this true number could be reduced [14-16]. (tech-strategy.org)
Residual heterozygosity in the initial inbreds can partly explain the observed responses as evidenced by 42 markers derived from both Methyl-Sensitive Amplification- and Amplified Fragment Length- Polymorphisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Among SSR markers, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 (SS01, SS05) to 11 (MulSTR3) with an average of 5.19. (notulaebotanicae.ro)
Of the 444 nonreplicate imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates collected in 2001, a total of 89 were randomly selected and analyzed for acquired MBL genes of the bla IMP and bla VIM types in dot-blot hybridization experiments carried out with purified genomic DNA spotted (0.5 μg per spot) on positively charged nylon membranes (ZetaProbe, Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) with digoxygenin-labeled DNA probes. (cdc.gov)
With the release of a genome wide SNPs database, it has become feasible to analyse these genetically determined QTLs for genes polymorphic in these strains. (bmj.com)
Both gel and capillary methods evaluated polymorphic regions of the merozoite surface protein 1 and 2 and glutamine rich protein genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Most commonly, genotyping methods take advantage of variation in highly polymorphic genes of Plasmodium falciparum , including merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2( msp1 and msp2 ) and glutamine-rich protein ( glurp ) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To discriminate P. falciparum strains, the sizes of amplified products of these genes are compared, routinely based on migration patterns with agarose-gel electrophoresis because of ease of use and low cost. (biomedcentral.com)
The putative origins identified in T. cruzi show a notable enrichment of GC content, a preferential position at subtelomeric regions, coinciding with genes transcribed towards the telomeres, and a pronounced enrichment within coding DNA sequences, most notably in genes from the Dispersed Gene Family 1 (DGF-1). (biomedcentral.com)
These findings suggest a scenario where collisions between DNA replication and transcription are frequent, leading to increased genetic variability, as seen by the increase SNP levels at chromosome subtelomeres and in DGF-1 genes containing putative origins. (biomedcentral.com)
44 INTRODUCTION 45 The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is an extremely polymorphic group of genes 46 within the adaptive immune system of vertebrates that plays a critical role in disease resistance 47 (Piertney & Oliver 2006). (readkong.com)
Loci6
It can be measured in several ways: observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, the mean number of alleles per locus, or the percentage of polymorphic loci. (wikipedia.org)
Past studies have mapped four susceptibility loci (Pas1-4) for pulmonary adenoma in which A/J and C57BL/6J (B6) mice have different alleles that affect incidence and multiplicity of tumours. (bmj.com)
In the process called quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, attempts are made to find significant correlations between marker alleles and the phenotypic variation, or disease state. (bmj.com)
Identifying new alleles and mutations at calcium-sensitive casein loci requires continuous updating of genotyping protocols useful for association study. (mdpi.com)
This study reports (1) a new, more efficient, specific PCR-based genotyping protocol to detect the CSN2 01 allele in goats, (2) the genetic characterization at the CSN1S1 , CSN2 , and CSN1S2 loci in three endangered goat breeds reared in the Lazio Region (Central Italy) and, (3) the association of the genotypes observed in the studied animals with parameters that might affect the milk's traits. (mdpi.com)
Existing hybrid inference methods assume that alleles at different loci undergo independent assortment (are unlinked or in population linkage equilibrium). (nfshost.com)
Rare alleles2
This restricted movement may lead to genetic consequences including disruption of gene flow, inflation of inbreeding and loss of rare alleles supporting local adaptation and genetic fitness 6 , 7 . (nature.com)
Multiple non-exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to resolve this paradox among which an excess of rare alleles limiting detection power [ 9 ], and a prominence of undetectable epistatic interactions that could significantly contribute to phenotypic variation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.43 to 0.84 with an average of 0.61 per locus. (notulaebotanicae.ro)
Therefore, we investigated the 17 Yfiler Y-STRs in 1,730-1,764 DNA-confirmed father-son pairs per locus and found 84 sequence-confirmed mutations among the 29,792 meiotic transfers covered. (springer.com)
Genomic3
Only a small number of genomic regions in the BXN set deviate significantly from the expected 50:50 segregation ratio of alleles. (nervenet.org)
One could say the primary limitation to crop improvement is no longer, "can we make a precise sequence change in a precise location in eukaryotic genomic DNA? (frontiersin.org)
The detection of RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS by selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments derived from genomic DNA followed by electrophoretic analysis of the amplified restriction fragments. (lookformedical.com)
Frequencies2
Selection can favour the maintenance of alleles which reduce the fitness of homozygotes, the textbook example being the sickle-cell beta-globin allele, which is maintained at high frequencies in populations where malaria is endemic due to the highly adaptive heterozygous phenotype (resistance to the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum). (wikipedia.org)
Recombination can swap out alternative alleles at A and B, allowing selection to promote the optimal alleles to the optimal frequencies in the population - but only if there are alternative alleles to choose between. (wikipedia.org)
Detection1
Current techniques for small-molecule detection suffer from various limitations including low analytical sensitivity and complex sample processing. (justia.com)
Nucleotide3
We can therefore amplify nucleotide sequences from infinitesimal amounts of DNA extract. (intechopen.com)
It's been approximated that to anticipate the ancestry of people, up to thousand random one nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or brief tandem repeats (STRs) may 864814-88-0 manufacture be required [13]. (tech-strategy.org)
However, the replisome can be stalled by depletion of nucleotide pools or barriers on the template, such as DNA damage, secondary structures or protein complexes [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Phenotypic3
High homozygosity (low heterozygosity) reduces fitness because it exposes the phenotypic effects of recessive alleles at homozygous sites. (wikipedia.org)
For example, interactions between alleles, that are not transmitted in panmictic populations, and epigenetic variants, that are non-mendelian inherited, contribute to the total phenotypic variation but may result in decreased heritability [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Additive variance instead designates the effect of an allele as measured by its average deviation from the population phenotypic mean. (biomedcentral.com)
Combinations3
Low genetic diversity also reduces the opportunities for chromosomal crossover during meiosis to create new combinations of alleles on chromosomes, effectively increasing the average length of unrecombined tracts of chromosomes inherited from parents. (wikipedia.org)
Nineteen EcoR I/ Mse I primer combinations revealed 452 informative polymorphic bands with a mean of 23.8 bands and 71.5% polymorphic rate per primer pair. (ashs.org)
Three primer combinations that produced clear scorable and highly polymorphic bands were screened from 64 Eco RI and Ms eI primer combinations. (open-science-repository.com)
Genome6
In addition, with biotechnological and computer innovations, novel strategies such as whole-genome SNP chips and DNA Barcoding have emerged. (biomedcentral.com)
In many crops, genome engineering techniques have enabled researchers and breeders to take advantage of a vast knowledge base of plant physiology, pathology, and genetics. (frontiersin.org)
Genome sequence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence-associated DNA virus-1 found in the fungus Penicillium olsonii isolated from Washington state, USA. (usda.gov)
Here we have mapped sites of DNA replication initiation across the T. cruzi genome using Marker Frequency Analysis, which has previously only been deployed in two related trypanosomatids. (biomedcentral.com)
As originally proposed in 1963, cells rely on two genetic elements to duplicate their genome: the replicator, a DNA region where replication begins (now named the replication origin), and the initiator, a protein or a protein complex that recognizes the replicator [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Accumulated evidence suggests head-on collisions have a more pronounced effect on genome instability, perhaps because more extensive changes to the machinery and template are needed to resolve such conflicts [ 12 ], some of which might result in increased single-stranded DNA gaps and DNA double strand break (DSB) formation [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
20001
2000). The main advantage in this context is that the complex genetic and epigenetic correlations among interconnected parts of the brain can be explored using complementary molecular, developmental, structural, pharmacological, and behavioral techniques. (nervenet.org)
Populations1
DNA samples (10 µg) were digested with Eco Rl, Hin dlll, Eco RV, These three BC populations are designated 1K6, 1K27 and LB1, or Dra l at a DNA/enzyme ratio of 7 units per microgram. (health-abstracts.com)
Sequences1
Its principle is based on the use of DNA polymerase which is an in vitro replication of specific DNA sequences. (intechopen.com)
Amplification1
Indeed, if the sequence of interest is present in the DNA extract, it is possible to selectively replicate it (we speak of amplification) in very large numbers. (intechopen.com)
STRs1
In forensics, mutation rates are needed when STRs are applied to paternity testing, and Y-STRs are especially powerful in deficiency cases of disputed paternity involving male offspring where the alleged father is not available for DNA analysis but is replaced by any of his male paternal relatives. (springer.com)
Precise1
However, the technique must invariably deliver a precise result that is stable and safe for the environment and the consumer. (frontiersin.org)
High2
High resolution of human evolutionary trees with polymorphic microsatellites. (notulaebotanicae.ro)
Despite its high frequency in the general population [ 7 ] and an absence of studies addressing possible effects of the VNTR on measures of DAT physiology and pharmacology, the 10-repeat DAT1 allele has become generally recognized as a "high risk" allele for ADHD. (biomedcentral.com)
Vitro1
The present study utilized radioligand binding and immunoblotting techniques to compare in vitro DAT density and ligand affinity across a series of cell lines stably transfected with constructs containing the DAT1 coding region flanked downstream by one of four DAT1 3'UTR variants. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutation1
Of these, studying DNA-confirmed father-son pairs is the most reliable approach but only if the number of father-son pairs investigated is large enough to reveal reliable mutation rate estimates. (springer.com)
Replication1
DNA replication in trypanosomatids operates in a uniquely challenging environment, since most of their genomes are constitutively transcribed. (biomedcentral.com)
Involves1
A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)
Molecular1
At present, DNA molecular marker techniques are widely applied in the fields of germplasm identification, phylogenetics, and genetic structural analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Analysis1
The conventional microbiological analysis was compared with the PCR technique of carcass or tonsil swabs, as a subsidy to the microbiological evaluation in the HACCP system. (scielo.br)
Varieties1
Plant transformation techniques are well developed for making transgenic varieties in certain crops and model organisms, yet reagent delivery and plant regeneration remain key bottlenecks to applying the technology of gene editing to most crops. (frontiersin.org)
Population1
This in turn reduces the efficacy of selection, across successive generations, to remove fitness-reducing alleles and promote fitness-enhancing alleles from a population. (wikipedia.org)
Power2
Capillary electrophoresis detected more alleles and provided higher discriminatory power than agarose gel electrophoresis at both study sites. (biomedcentral.com)
The power of PCR is based on the fact that the amount of matrix DNA is not, in theory, a limiting factor. (intechopen.com)
Maintenance1
Seed lot culture maintenance techniques (seed-lot systems) are used so that the viable micro-organisms used for inoculation are not more than 5 passages removed from the original master seed-lot. (top5binarybrokers.com)
Large1
Provision of broad, method-based PT schemes, such as DNA sequencing, would allow assessment of a large number of tests for which formal PT is not currently available. (cdc.gov)
Study1
1998). For convenience, the gel (Diversified Biotech, Boston, Mass.) 0.6% agarose gel, stained clones of S. bulbocastanum and S. tuberosum used in this study with ethidium bromide and visualized on a UV transilluminator. (health-abstracts.com)
Samples1
The presence of PCV2 DNA in tissue samples and the pathological lesions were more evident in pigs infected with both PCV2 and PPV than in pigs infected with PCV2 alone. (scielo.br)