• Aldehydes and ketones are present in a number of low molecular weight molecules such as drugs, steroid hormones, reducing sugars and metabolic intermediates (e.g., pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate). (thermofisher.com)
  • Even those aldehydes and ketones that are found in the open-ring form of simple carbohydrates are usually in equilibrium with the closed-ring form of the sugar. (thermofisher.com)
  • The infrequent occurrence of aldehydes and ketones in biomolecules has stimulated the development of techniques to selectively introduce these functional groups, thus providing unique sites for chemical modification and greatly extending the applications of the probes found in this section. (thermofisher.com)
  • The most common method for introducing aldehydes and ketones into polysaccharides and glycoproteins (including antibodies) is by periodate-mediated oxidation of vicinal diols. (thermofisher.com)
  • These introduced aldehydes and ketones can then be modified with fluorescent or biotinylated hydrazine, hydroxylamine or amine derivatives to label the polysaccharide or glycoprotein. (thermofisher.com)
  • 29. P. Greenzaid, Z. Luz and D. Samuel, A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the reversible hydration of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • PCH presented an amorphous structure containing carboxylic acids, esters, ketones and aldehydes on the surface. (iwaponline.com)
  • Designed for integration by OEMs into Indoor Air Quality monitoring systems, AS-MLV VOC Sensor Component detects presence of VOCs such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, amines, and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. (thomasnet.com)
  • Certain aldehydes, ketones (e.g., acetone) and aliphatic ethers/ esters may reduce the life of the fluorocarbon O-rings. (merckmillipore.com)
  • CuO oxidation, the lignin macromolecule is hydrolyzed into a series of methoxy phenyl and phenyl aldehydes, ketones, Lignin is a complex biopolymer that constitutes a large por- and acids [9]. (lu.se)
  • Oxidation of nine primary aliphatic alcohols by pyridinium bromochromate (PBC) leads to the formation of corresponding aldehydes. (ias.ac.in)
  • They provide excellent chemical resistance to alcohols, aldehydes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, bases and many acids. (thomassci.com)
  • In other environmental species, long chain aliphatic alcohols are formed as part of fatty acid breakdown in aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates. (europa.eu)
  • Long chain aliphatic alcohols are metabolised by a pathway that also acts on alkanes and fatty acids (Mudge, 2008). (europa.eu)
  • Alkanes may be oxidised to alcohols and alcohols converted via short-lived aldehydes to fatty acids (which are exempt from REACH). (europa.eu)
  • Long chain aliphatic alcohols are metabolised by algae, to the extent that it is difficult to maintain concentrations in aquatic studies in which Daphnia are fed on algae (Schäfers, 2005a-d). (europa.eu)
  • FALDH catalyzes the oxidation of medium- and long-chain fatty aldehydes, derived from fatty alcohols or not, to the corresponding carboxylic acids ( Fig 1 ). (ajnr.org)
  • The accumulation of fatty alcohols, the modification of macromolecules by fatty aldehydes, and the presence of high concentrations of biologically active lipids have been postulated as the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms that give rise to the clinical features ( 6 - 13 ). (ajnr.org)
  • such as sodium sulfite, or some organic additives such as aliphatic alcohols, aldehyds or acids prior to irradiation. (scirp.org)
  • Long Chain Aliphatic Esters have a common metabolic fate that involves stepwise hydrolysis to the carboxylic acid and carboxylic alcohols. (europa.eu)
  • Accumulation of long-chain fatty alcohols and modification of macromolecules by an excess of fatty aldehydes are thought to be the pathophysiologic mechanisms causing the manifestations of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • In Sjögren-Larsson syndrome , FALDH deficiency impairs fatty alcohol oxidation and leads to accumulation of 16- and 18-carbon-long aliphatic alcohols. (medscape.com)
  • Its molecular weight is 60.10, its melting point is -127°C and its boiling point is 96.5-98°C. Its relative density is 0.803-0.805 (20°C) and its flash point is 23°C. It dissolves in water and common organic solvents such as alcohol, ketone, aldehydes, ethers, glycols, and aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon. (mofcom.gov.cn)
  • Except for polysaccharides containing free reducing sugars, however, biopolymers generally lack aldehyde and ketone groups. (thermofisher.com)
  • When the enolate of an aldehyde or a ketone reacts at the α-carbon with the carbonyl of another molecule under basic or acidic conditions to obtain β-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone, this reaction is called Aldol Reaction. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • Proton transfer is avoided with lithium enolates at low temperatures in ethereal solvents, so that addition of a second carbonyl partner (ketone or aldehyde) will produce the desired aldol product. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • In the present work, valence stabilization of divalent iron during gamma irradiation was studied in presence of some organic additives, belonging to some other classes of organic compounds such as Phenol (aromatic alcohol), Acetone (aliphatic ketone), 4-Aminopyridine (heterocyclic amino compound) and Hydrazine hydrate (aliphatic amino compound) to complement our previous studies. (scirp.org)
  • In the present work, the protective effect occurring due to the presence of additives belonging to different classes of organic compounds namely, Phenol (aromatic alcohol), Acetone (aliphatic ketone), 4-Aminopyridine (aromatic heterocyclic nitrogen compound) and Hydrazine hydrate (aliphatic amine) on divalent iron ions during extended gamma irradiation, has been studied. (scirp.org)
  • It is a saturated 3-carbon aldehyde and is a structural isomer of acetone. (definitions.net)
  • Figure 3.3.1 Sodium periodate oxidation of an N-terminal serine residue to an aldehyde, with the release of formaldehyde. (thermofisher.com)
  • Because galactose oxidase-mediated oxidation liberates a molecule of hydrogen peroxide for each molecule of aldehyde that is formed ( Figure 3.3.2 ), horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of the Amplex Red reagent to red-fluorescent resorufin by hydrogen peroxide provides a ready means by which the number of aldehyde residues introduced into a biomolecule, including on a cell surface, can be quantitated. (thermofisher.com)
  • Kinetics of oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes, to the corresponding carboxylic acids, by bis(2,2′-bipyridyl) copper(II) permanganate ( BBCP ) has been studied. (ias.ac.in)
  • k obs = a + b [H + ]. The oxidation of MeCDO exhibited a substantial kinetic isotope effect ( k H / k D = 4.33 at 303 K). The role of aldehyde hydrate in the oxidation process has been discussed. (ias.ac.in)
  • The fatty acids produced by the action of alcohol dehydrogenase followed by aldehyde dehydrogenation enter the β-oxidation cycle producing acetyl-CoA products (and a propionyl-CoA from odd chain-length molecules) and ATP. (europa.eu)
  • The defect in fatty alcohol oxidation in SLS is caused by the deficiency of microsomal fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH, EC 1.2.1.48), a component of the fatty alcohol:NAD + oxidoreductase enzyme complex ( 6 , 7 ). (ajnr.org)
  • FALDH catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain fatty aldehydes (here, octadecanal) to the corresponding carboxylic acid. (ajnr.org)
  • FAO is a complex enzyme which consists of two separate proteins that sequentially catalyze the oxidation of fatty alcohol to fatty aldehyde and fatty acid. (jci.org)
  • These results show that the primary enzymatic defect in SLS is the FALDH component of the FAO complex, which leads to deficient oxidation of fatty aldehyde derived from fatty alcohol. (jci.org)
  • The genetic defect in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome results in deficient activity of FALDH, which catalyzes the oxidation of fatty aldehyde to fatty acid. (medscape.com)
  • [ 8 ] FALDH is a component of the fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase enzyme complex that catalyzes the sequential oxidation of fatty alcohol to aldehyde and fatty acid. (medscape.com)
  • [ 8 ] FALDH is involved in the oxidation of fatty aldehydes produced by catabolism of ether glycerolipids (plasmalogens), which are prominent phospholipids in myelin. (medscape.com)
  • The Long Chain Aliphatic Esters category contains monoesters of saturated and unsaturated natural fatty acids (palmitic, stearic and oleic acid) and monoalcohols. (europa.eu)
  • Acute study results show that toxicity of Long Chain Aliphatic Esters for mammal and aquatic organisms is negligible (no effect up to the water solubility limit for fish, daphnia and algae). (europa.eu)
  • Grouping of Long Chain Aliphatic Esters is justified as they are metabolized to physiological metabolites (naturally occurring fatty acids) and to an alcohol component. (europa.eu)
  • Compounds 2a-2h and 3a-3h were obtained in 55% - 90% yield after briefly maintaining equimolar quantities of 2-mercaptobenzoic acid hydrazide 1 and the appropriate aldehyde during 10 - 15 min in methanol solution at room temperature (Experimental part). (scirp.org)
  • Aldehydes are one of the most popular classes of functional compounds in medicinal chemistry. (enamine.net)
  • Having synthesized thousands of aldehydes and having numerous starting materials in stock we can easily use our skills and documented knowledge to synthesize in short term analogous compounds to what we publish in our catalog. (enamine.net)
  • Bio-oil is a mixture of over 200 different types of major and minor organic compounds, and is a source of some pure chemicals including phenol, organic acids, alcohol, and aldehyde, among others [12]. (researchgate.net)
  • Alkenes from unsaturated fatty acids and ceramides can also be converted to glycols by osmium tetroxide and then oxidized by periodate to aldehydes, and periodate will oxidize certain β-aminoethanol derivatives such as the hydroxylysine residues in collagen, as well as methionine (to its sulfoxide) and certain thiols (usually to disulfides). (thermofisher.com)
  • The aldehyde thus formed from the protein can be subsequently modified with a variety of hydrazine, hydroxylamine or amine derivatives. (thermofisher.com)
  • Accumulation of fatty aldehydes, which are highly reactive molecules, can form covalent Schiff-base derivatives with phosphatidylethanolamine, which may influence myelin membrane properties and alter the function of membrane-bound proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is due to deficient activity of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), an enzyme required to oxidize fatty alcohol to fatty acid. (medscape.com)
  • To determine which enzymatic component of FAO was deficient in SLS, we assayed fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) and fatty alcohol dehydrogenase in cultured fibroblasts from seven unrelated SLS patients. (jci.org)
  • The extent of FALDH deficiency in SLS cells depended on the aliphatic aldehyde used as substrate, ranging from 62% of mean normal activity using propionaldehyde as substrate to 8% of mean normal activity with octadecanal. (jci.org)
  • [ 3 ] Subsequent studies identified a defect in fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), a component of the fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase enzyme complex. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome have deficient activity of FALDH and fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase, which results in defective metabolism of both fatty aldehyde and fatty alcohol. (medscape.com)
  • Deficient activity of the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase component of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase in cultured fibroblasts. (jci.org)
  • Fatty alcohol and aldehyde may likewise alter the normal integrity of myelin membranes in the brain, leading to white-matter disease and spasticity. (medscape.com)
  • Aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes gave acyl azides by reaction with iodine azide at 0 - 25 C. If the reaction is performed at reflux Curtius rearrangement occurs and carbamoyl azides are obtained directly from the aldehyde in 70-97% yield. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • The reactivity of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes was evaluated under Sakurai reaction conditions. (purdue.edu)
  • All aldehydes were subjected to the same reaction conditions and reaction times. (purdue.edu)
  • Using our in-house developed reactivity filters we have selected a range of aldehydes that can provide clean reactions and high yields of the products. (enamine.net)
  • Oxidative removal of an aliphatic R group from a secondary or tertiary urea or amide nitrogen. (ethz.ch)
  • [ 16 ] Schiff-base aldehyde adducts with other amino-containing molecules, including key membrane enzymes and proteins, may also be detrimental to their function. (medscape.com)
  • The only variables in the reactions were the use of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes or the choice of bulky protecting groups on the large silyl species. (purdue.edu)
  • Enamine offers numerous DNA-compatible aldehydes with additional functional groups such as carboxylic, amino groups, halogens, etc. (enamine.net)
  • In contrast, free fatty aldehyde levels are not elevated. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, C6 aliphatic aldehydes produced via an alternative branch catalysed by hydroperoxide lyase, are themselves toxic to pests and pathogens. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Our collection is the largest in the world being continuously enriched with novel aldehydes that we design and synthesize in our labs. (enamine.net)
  • Every month we synthesize nearly a hundred new aldehydes that we immediately commercialize in our catalog available for browsing at EnamineStore. (enamine.net)
  • Enamine offers over 5 000 aldehydes from stock ranging from small decorating building blocks to intermediates and complex scaffolds for library synthesis. (enamine.net)
  • Aldehydes have found a wide application in synthesis of compound libraries first of all because of smoothly running reductive amination. (enamine.net)
  • Crotonaldehyde (CA), a prominent component of cigarette smoke (CS) is a pervasive environmental pollutant that is a highly toxic, unsaturated aldehyde. (bvsalud.org)
  • The processed chestnuts exhibited higher aldehyde, ester, and alkene concentrations, while N2 packaging was more favorable to flavor elicitation and retention. (bvsalud.org)
  • Its chemical formula is CH3CH2CHO and it is considered an aldehyde, which is an organic compound containing a formyl group. (definitions.net)
  • Evidence for the formation of the cytotoxic aldehyde acrolein from enzymatically oxidized spermine or spermidine. (cdc.gov)
  • The formation constants for the aldehyde-BBCP complexes and the rates of their decomposition, at different temperatures, have been evaluated. (ias.ac.in)
  • An aldehyde is produced if the leaving R group is attached through a primary carbon. (ethz.ch)
  • This member can efficiently reduce aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, and it is less active on hexoses. (cancerindex.org)
  • In the series of the aromatic aldehydes 2- mercaptobenzoylhydrazones the linear tautomer prevails, and the logarithms of the tautomeric equilibrium constants K T correlate with the σ-constants of the substituents in the aromatic nucleus. (scirp.org)
  • Many papers have shown the potency and significance of C9-aldehydes for the aroma of numerous volatiles. (perfumerflavorist.com)