• Biogas is competitive, viable, and generally a sustainable energy resource due to abundant supply of cheap feedstocks and availability of a wide range of biogas applications in heating, power generation, fuel, and raw materials for further processing and production of sustainable chemicals including hydrogen, and carbon dioxide and biofuels. (hindawi.com)
  • The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are intermediary degradation products during anaerobic digestion (AD) that are subsequently converted to methanogenic substrates, such as hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and acetic acid (CH 3 COOH). (mdpi.com)
  • If successful, this could allow storage of renewable electricity through electrochemical or enzymatic fixation of carbon dioxide and subsequent storage as carbon-based energy storage molecules including hydrocarbons and non-volatile polymers at high efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Her research interests include the advanced materials processing of ideal electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage system applications such as supercapacitor, water splitting process, direct methanol fuel cells, and hydrogen generation. (rsc.org)
  • For example, methane monooxidase (MMO) in methanotrophic bacteria oxidizes methane into methanol under ambient conditions. (rsc.org)
  • Examples are methanol, ethanol and tertiary butyl alcohol. (opisnet.com)
  • Methanol, also known as "wood alcohol" as previously was made by pyrolysis of wood, is produced from various feedstocks, but natural gas is currently the most economical method. (chiefengineerlog.com)
  • Methanol is a biodegradable, water soluble, clear liquid with the chemical formula CH3OH, is the simplest alcohol, containing the least carbon and the most hydrogen of any liquid fuel. (chiefengineerlog.com)
  • Syngas is used in production of alcohols, jet fuels, diesel, and gasoline through the Fischer-Tropsch process. (hindawi.com)
  • Most fuels used by humans undergo combustion, a redox reaction in which a combustible substance releases energy after it ignites and reacts with the oxygen in the air. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Alcohol fuels are produced by fermentation of sugars derived from wheat , corn , sugar beets , sugar cane , molasses and any sugar or starch from which alcoholic beverages such as whiskey , can be made (such as potato and fruit waste, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yet, the more we start to look outside this biological box for sources of carbon to make into fuels (with the addition of the hydrogen from water, and the oxygen from the air), via synthesis, the larger the potential source of renewable fuels could be . (joabbess.com)
  • It seems likely that if biomass-sourced biologically-produced renewable fuels have a maximum limit to their volumes, then governments and international agencies will put out the call for synthetic renewable fuels, such as the gases Renewable Methane and Renewable Hydrogen. (joabbess.com)
  • Herein, we demonstrate that hydrogen bonding on the catalyst surface and in the bulk solution can inhibit oxidation and reverse reaction of α-hydroxyethyl radicals (αHRs) in photocatalytic dehydrocoupling of ethanol over Au/CdS. (dicp.ac.cn)
  • Considering background of global warming and atmospheric methane growth, to catalyze total oxidation of atmospheric methane is of great importance to mitigate greenhouse effects and slow this global warming. (jim.org.cn)
  • However, catalytic oxidation of methane has always been a big challenge due to its high structural stability. (jim.org.cn)
  • In this article, research progress in total oxidation of methane under thermal-, photo- and photothermal-catalysis was reviewed. (jim.org.cn)
  • It is worth mentioning that photothermal catalysis, developed in recent years, can achieve efficiently catalytic total oxidation of methane under mild conditions, showing a high potential application prospect. (jim.org.cn)
  • Wet air oxidation was performed at elevated pressure and temperature using experimental design methodology with a 70% oxygen excess for 6 h in a stirred batch reactor. (m2p2.fr)
  • Wet air oxidation could achieve up to 99% removals for chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon for the seasonality of October. (m2p2.fr)
  • one molecule of water has two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a single oxygen atom. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alkanes are chemical compounds that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and are bonded exclusively by single bonds without any cycles. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Its electronic structure is described by four bonding molecular orbitals (MOs) resulting from the overlap of the valence orbitals on C and H. The lowest energy MO is the result of the overlap of the 2s orbital on carbon with the in-phase combination of the 1s orbitals on the four hydrogen atoms. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • The electron transfer (ET) from the conduction band of the semiconductor to surface-bound species is a key step in the photocatalytic reaction and strongly affects the reactivity and selectivity, while the effect of catalyst surface structure on this process has rarely been explored due to the lack of an effective method. (dicp.ac.cn)
  • The impacts of Co3O4NPs dosages on biomethane production, direct electron transfer (DIET) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also investigated in detail. (bvsalud.org)
  • The concentration of methane in the Earth's atmosphere in 1998, expressed as a mole fraction , was 1745 nmol/mol (parts per billion, ppb), up from 700 nmol/mol in 1750. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • We hope to direct the attention of readers to the latest breakthroughs of traditional oxygen functionalization reactions and to the potential of electrochemistry for the transformation of organic substrates to useful end products. (rsc.org)
  • For example, epoxides are versatile chemical intermediates that have been mainly produced from the oxygen functionalization of olefin substrates. (rsc.org)
  • Increasing environmental and policy concerns and measures have generated increasing interest in the use of biomass resources as renewable feedstock for electricity generation, fuel production, chemical processing, and hydrogen production [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • ReNewSTAX ™ - Albemarle's catalyst technology for processing renewable feeds into your valuable hydrotreating unit. (digitalrefining.com)
  • Renewable natural gas will capture low-carbon methane from present sources like farming and landfills, and burn the fuel in engines. (advancedbiofuelsusa.info)
  • Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other and are strongly polar. (wikipedia.org)
  • The molecules of water are constantly moving concerning each other, and the hydrogen bonds are continually breaking and reforming at timescales faster than 200 femtoseconds (2 × 10−13 seconds). (wikipedia.org)
  • Intentionally added water forms surface hydrogen bonds with adsorbed αHRs and strengthens the hydrogen bonding between αHRs and ethanol while maintaining the flexibility of radicals in solution, thereby allowing for αHRs' desorption from the Au/CdS surface and their stabilization by a solvent. (dicp.ac.cn)
  • Methane is a tetrahedral molecule with four equivalent C-H bonds. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Photocatalysis provides a way to eliminate methane at ambient conditions with the assistance of solar energy, but the reaction rates are lower than that in thermal catalysis. (jim.org.cn)
  • If the theories hold true, and so far I have not found any fundamental flaws in the evidence they have cited and proofs that they offer, then petroleum and methane are not fossil fuel whose overall resource on Earth is finite. (atomicinsights.com)
  • To reduce fossil fuel consumption for heat and cold generation, different low temperature heat sources have been considered. (m2p2.fr)
  • Therefore, development of catalysts that oxidize methane under moderate temperatures is the main research interests. (jim.org.cn)
  • Alcohol and alcohol blends are added to gasoline in order to make it burn cleaner and boost octane. (opisnet.com)
  • A refining operation that takes low value derivatives from the cat cracking and other processes and unites them in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce a very high octane, low vapor pressure gasoline blending component. (opisnet.com)
  • The major contents of the book are iodine from oil well brines, lactic acid from corn sugar, modern production of chlorine and caustic soda, organic chemicals, chemicals derived from methane and so on. (niir.org)
  • He ( Andre Boehman , professor of mechanical engineering and director of the W.E. Lay Automotive Laboratory) noted that DME is an ideal diesel fuel with a cetane rating just above what present diesel has and, containing oxygen, it burns without smoke. (advancedbiofuelsusa.info)
  • Can a diesel engine run on hydrogen? (advancedbiofuelsusa.info)
  • 1,2 Interestingly, the active site of the MMO enzyme is comprised of copper-based particulate MMO (pMMO) and iron-based soluble MMO (sMMO) that selectively capture the methane substrate. (rsc.org)
  • Under standard conditions, water is primarily a liquid, unlike other analogous hydrides of the oxygen family, which are generally gaseous. (wikipedia.org)
  • This unique property of water is due to hydrogen bonding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Water has a very high specific heat capacity of 4184 J/(kg·K) at 20 °C (4182 J/(kg·K) at 25 °C) -the second-highest among all the heteroatomic species (after ammonia), as well as a high heat of vaporization (40.65 kJ/mol or 2257 kJ/kg at the normal boiling point), both of which are a result of the extensive hydrogen bonding between its molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Part 4 of 11 series: Entire part 1 to 11 can be viewed at or Environmentally Friendly, Economical, Less Well Known Water Cleantech for The Future: Across industries and science fields, previously not accepted technologies, some of which has been widely used for commercialized applications, are gradually being re-confirmed by mainstream Western academics. (powershow.com)
  • Some exceptionally electrical-active water seems to even function as "phase catalyst" and used as "plain water concentrate" for similar or more robust effects by dilution. (powershow.com)
  • Hydrogen, when combined with oxygen in these cells, produces electricity with the only byproduct being pure water vapor. (chiefengineerlog.com)
  • Biogas can also be used in fuel cells for direct conversion to electricity and raw material for hydrogen and transport fuel production which is a significant pathway to sustainable energy development. (hindawi.com)
  • As economic development spreads around the world, and more and more of the global energy infrastructure is electrified (think electric vehicles) global electricity consumption will rise. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A notable alternative fuel, hydrogen, is 100% green and easily created from green electricity. (advancedbiofuelsusa.info)
  • Fahrenheit has widely been replaced by Celsius in most countries and for most applications. (thepriceisrighthvac.com)
  • The maritime industry is experiencing a monumental shift as hydrogen fuel cells emerge as a game-changing technology, propelling vessels towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future. (chiefengineerlog.com)
  • Methane is the second greenhouse gas contributing greatly to global warming, about 80 times of CO 2 . (jim.org.cn)
  • Herein, a Sn doped CeO2 supported Pt (Pt/Sn-CeO2) catalyst in CO2-ODHP reaction is reported. (dicp.ac.cn)
  • dimethyl sulfoxide is widely used as solvents and reagents, particularly as the processing reagent and spinning solvent at the reaction of acrylonitrile polymerization used for polyurethane synthesis and the spinning solvent. (chemicalbook.com)
  • Its hydrogen bonding causes its many unique properties, such as having a solid form less dense than its liquid form, a relatively high boiling point of 100 °C for its molar mass, and a high heat capacity. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, because of its higher boiling point, it causes very high operating temperatures and further causes the coking of materials, thus affecting the recycling of dimethyl sulfoxide and further cleaning of the equipments as well as resulting in increased energy consumption. (chemicalbook.com)
  • High temperature in thermal catalysis increases the energy loss and accelerates the deactivation of catalysts speedingly. (jim.org.cn)
  • As a high-temperature-resistant structural reinforcement material with excellent performance, alumina continuous fiber has been widely used in various fields. (jim.org.cn)
  • HCOONH4 functions as both the nitrogen source and hydrogen source. (dicp.ac.cn)
  • I tend to believe that is due either to being trapped in a certain paradigm by their training and education or, in some select cases, to their recognition that an inexhaustible source of hydrocarbons widely distributed all over the world is a severe threat to their income, wealth and power. (atomicinsights.com)
  • It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.Most natural. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • at normal conditions, methane is difficult to transport from its source. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • In a landmark achievement, marine engineers and researchers have successfully harnessed the power of hydrogen fuel cells to drive ships, marking a watershed moment for the maritime sector. (chiefengineerlog.com)
  • Named "EcoVoyager," the vessel embarked on its maiden voyage, showcasing the viability and potential of hydrogen fuel cell technology in real-world maritime operations. (chiefengineerlog.com)
  • While hydrogen fuel cells hold great promise, challenges remain on the road to widespread adoption. (chiefengineerlog.com)
  • The integration of hydrogen fuel cells into maritime propulsion systems presents an unprecedented opportunity to reduce the industry's carbon footprint. (chiefengineerlog.com)
  • As the maritime industry embraces hydrogen fuel cells, it propels itself into a new era of clean, efficient, and responsible shipping that not only meets current environmental challenges but also helps pave the way for a brighter, greener future. (chiefengineerlog.com)
  • Above this level in energy is a triply degenerate set of MOs that involve overlap if the 2p orbitals on carbon with various linear combinations of the 1s orbitals on hydrogen. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Thermal energy counts for a large part of the total energy consumption. (m2p2.fr)
  • Biologically produced alcohols , most commonly ethanol, and less commonly propanol and butanol , are produced by the action of microorganisms and enzymes through the fermentation of sugars or starches (easiest), or cellulose (which is more difficult).The IEA estimates that ethanol production used 20% of sugar supplies and 13% of corn supplies in 2021. (wikipedia.org)
  • This material is widely used as a binder in the production of concrete, reinforced concrete and various construction mixes. (globecore.com)
  • The success of the hydrogen-powered vessel demonstrates that the future of marine engineering is firmly rooted in innovation, sustainability, and a commitment to leaving behind a healthier planet for future generations. (chiefengineerlog.com)
  • Shell Catalysts & Technologies, has solutions to enable you to make smart investments while preserving cash through revamping, reconfiguring, or optimising your existing assets. (digitalrefining.com)
  • The chemical oxygen demand and the total organic carbon removals increased with the increase of temperature (from 200 °C to 300 °C) and no effect of the pressure was observed within the range 18-21 MPa. (m2p2.fr)
  • The progress of electrochemical methods toward oxygen functionalization is presented by an in-depth discussion of different types of electrically driven-chemical organic synthesis, with particular attention to recently developed electrochemical systems and catalyst designs. (rsc.org)
  • This review presents the recent progress of oxygen functionalization reactions based on non-electrochemical (conventional organic synthesis) and electrochemical methods. (rsc.org)
  • During his postdoctoral research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he studied the electrochemical oxygen functionalization reactions. (rsc.org)
  • e.g. a-As detergent for commercial kitchen, butcher or heavy oil removal, b-Non fouling industrial cutting or washing fluid, c-Hospital operation room, or food industry equipment disinfectant, d-Medical oxygen/hydrophobic drug delivery, skin disease/infection/organ, upto conventionally untreatable chronic disease. (powershow.com)
  • Breaking new ground, the world recently witnessed the inaugural journey of the first-ever hydrogen-powered commercial vessel. (chiefengineerlog.com)
  • Thus, an ICE may be the ideal way to use hydrogen in commercial hauling, as opposed to passenger cars where engines cruise at low loads. (advancedbiofuelsusa.info)
  • At its 2009 meeting in Vienna, the IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW) resolved to express the standard atomic weight of ten elements - including hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen - by means of intervals that characterize the span of their atomic-weight values in so-called "normal" materials. (degruyter.com)
  • I've studied enough chemistry, physics, thermodynamics and weather to recognize that it's possible to burn hydrocarbons so cleanly that the only waste products are CO2 and H2O, but both of those are inevitably the result of oxidizing any kind of HxCx molecule. (atomicinsights.com)
  • Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation , mostly from carbohydrates produced in sugar or starch crops such as maize , sugarcane , or sweet sorghum . (wikipedia.org)
  • experimental condition [Term] id: XCO:0000010 name: air oxygen content def: "A condition in which the oxygen level of the air surrounding an organism or breathed by the organism is controlled as part of the experiment. (mcw.edu)
  • porphyrazines to improve same view dreamweaver cs5 for spreading a common oxygen as state in a exceptional assumption, which is to be now. (medmotion.com)
  • Oxygen atom functionalization has played an indispensable role in industrial applications and biological processes. (rsc.org)