Airway 1994 tidal ventilator induced lung injury. Medical search. Frequent questions

Animal experiments have demonstrated that even a peak inspiratory pressure >30-40 cm H2O may cause pulmonary interstitial edema, elevated vascular permeability and inflammation, a picture that resembles acute lung injury (ALI) or its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [2]. (medscimonit.com)
Common specific medical indications for mechanical ventilation include: Surgical procedures Acute lung injury, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), trauma, or COVID-19 Pneumonia Pulmonary hemorrhage Apnea with respiratory arrest Hypoxemia Acute severe asthma requiring intubation Obstruction, such as a tumor Acid/base derangements such as respiratory acidosis Neurological diseases such as muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Guillain-Barré syndrome, myasthenia gravis, etc. (wikipedia.org)
One of the primary complications that presents in patients mechanically ventilated is acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). (wikipedia.org)
In 1994, a consensus definition was recommended for ARDS: acute onset of respiratory failure, bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph, pulmonary artery wedge pressure less than or equal to 18 mm Hg, or the absence of clinical evidence of left atrial hypertension, PaO 2 /FIO 2 less than or equal to 300 (acute lung injury) or PaO 2 /FIO 2 less than or equal to 200 (ARDS). (medicosecuador.com)
The difference between acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS is that ALI includes a milder form of the same syndrome. (medicosecuador.com)
The clinical disorders commonly associated with ARDS can be divided into those associated with direct injury to the lung (pulmonary ARDS) and those that cause indirect lung injury in the setting of a systemic process (extrapulmonary ARDS). (medicosecuador.com)
Causes of ARDS due to direct lung injury include pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, pulmonary contusion, fat emboli, near-drowning, inhalational injury, and reperfusion pulmonary edema after lung transplantation or pulmonary embolectomy. (medicosecuador.com)
Common causes of ARDS due to indirect lung injury include sepsis, severe trauma with shock and multiple transfusions, cardiopulmonary bypass, drug overdose, acute pancreatitis, and transfusions of blood products. (medicosecuador.com)
Ventilator-induced lung injury is a subtle injury that can cause ARDS, progression of existing ARDS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and death. (medicosecuador.com)
When traditional tidal volumes of 10 to 15 mL/kg are used in patients with ALI/ARDS receiving mechanical ventilation, the resulting alveolar pressures are frequently elevated, reflecting over-distention particularly of the less-affected lung regions. (medicosecuador.com)
Three small, prospective, randomized trials of traditional versus lower tidal volume ventilation in patients with or at risk for ALI/ARDS did not demonstrate beneficial effects of a modestly lower tidal volume. (medicosecuador.com)
The number of cases in the United States alone has been reported as 150,000 per year, with a mortality of 50 percent to 70 percent.2 ARDS is a catastrophic pulmonary event in a patient with previously normal lungs. (rtmagazine.com)
Research continues to help clinicians reduce the incidence of ventilator-induced lung injury and mortality associated with ARDS. (rtmagazine.com)
The first lung-protective ventilatory strategy proposed by the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network, based on low V t , resulted in a 22% mortality reduction in a prospective, multicenter, randomized study ( 2 ). (atsjournals.org)
The ARDS Network Assessment of Low Tidal Volume and Elevated End-Expiratory Lung Volume to Obviate Lung Injury (ALVEOLI) study was designed to validate these results in a larger clinical study ( 8 ). (atsjournals.org)
Study-arm patients were ventilated with low V t s and with a higher PEEP strategy aiming to decrease the amount of nonaerated lung at end-expiration, whereas control-arm patients were ventilated according to the former ARDS Network protective protocol (lower PEEP strategy) ( 2 ). (atsjournals.org)
In the following years, this syndrome was referred to as the adult respira- tory distress syndrome was introduced intothe literature, there have been thousandsof publications addressing all aspects of From the Suburban Lung Associates, Elk Grove ARDS. (medicpdf.com)
As endothelial permeabil- to the lung injury process with ARDS. (medicpdf.com)
The ity increases, protein-rich edema fills the air spaces.17 Resultant damage to epithelial on ARDS recommended categorizing the risk type 2 cells causes surfactant production to factors into direct and indirect categories.2,3 decrease.19 Further disruption of alveolar/ The direct-injury risk factors include aspira- epithelial integrity leads to increased perme- tion, diffuse pulmonary infection (eg, bac- ability and alveolar flooding of edema. (medicpdf.com)
Alveolar epithelial cells occurs.2,3 In 1995, Hudson et al found that produce cytokines in response to stimuli such the highest incidence of ARDS occurred in pa- as lung stretch, which is exacerbated by me- tients with sepsis syndrome (43%) and those chanical ventilation forces. (medicpdf.com)
Beyond sepsis-induced inflammation, a mechanical ventilation regimen can also propagate ventilator-related injury that may precipitate ARDS. (ceufast.com)
The severe pathophysiological changes in lung parenchyma and pulmonary circulation together with the effects of positive pressure ventilation profoundly affect heart lung interactions in ARDS. (amegroups.org)
In this review we will describe some pathophysiological aspects of heart-lung interactions during the ventilatory support of ARDS, its clinical assessment and discuss therapeutic interventions to prevent the occurrence and progression of PVD and RV failure. (amegroups.org)
One of the major advances in the management of ARDS has been the introduction of lung protective ventilation strategies which can be considered the first therapeutic intervention consistently improving outcomes ( 2 , 3 ). (amegroups.org)
The ventilator management of ARDS has mainly focused on preventing the deleterious effects of mechanical ventilation on the alveolar compartment. (amegroups.org)
In 1994, a European-North American consensus conference agreed on standard definitions of ARDS and of a less severe injury, acute lung injury (ALI). (medscape.com)
This article will discuss lung recruitment maneuvers specifically for ARDS patients, but may also apply to Acute Lung Injury (ALI) patients. (osrcpnw.org)
This study showed a 22% decrease in mortality of ARDS patients by using the low lung volume/lung protection ventilatory strategy. (osrcpnw.org)
The interest in lung recruitment maneuvers has been driven by the ARDSNet low volume ventilation strategy in ARDS, because these low tidal volumes could result in de-recruitment or atelectasis of alveoli, in addition to de-recruitment caused by ARDS. (osrcpnw.org)
Volutrauma, sheering pressures, Volume Induced Lung Injury (VILI) and de-recruitment are all terms to describe the damage caused by a high volume (10-12cc/kg) ventilatory strategy for ARDS patients. (osrcpnw.org)
According to Dr Art Slutsky, keynote speaker at this years AARC convention, chemical mediators are implicated in ARDS lung injury and end-organ dysfunction, leading to mortality (15).Marini also believes that sustained recruitment of alveoli is important in avoiding ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI)(4). (osrcpnw.org)
The nature of the ARDS lung is not as homogeneous as the 'white-out' CXR appears. (osrcpnw.org)
Grasso studied 22 pts with ARDS who had been ventilated with the ARDSNet lung protective strategy and applied 40 cm CPAP for 40 seconds (6). (osrcpnw.org)
Dries' article discussed experimental oleic acid injury resulting in a lung that was 55% recruitable whereas primary pulmonary ARDS had less than 8% total potential recruitment (8). (osrcpnw.org)
We report a 42-year-old male amateur body builder and user of anabolic androgenic steroids, who developed ARDS, acute kidney injury, and refractory supraventricular tachycardia. (rcjournal.com)
Evidence only proves low surpasses high tidal volume ( V T ) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). (medintensiva.org)
With similar baseline ARDS and ICU severities, intermediate and low V T groups did not differ in 28-D mortality (47% vs. 63%, P = 0.06) or other outcomes such as 90-D mortality, ventilator-free days, ventilator-dependence rate. (medintensiva.org)
The 2017 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines on mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [ 1 ] failed to address airway-pressure release ventilation (APRV). (medscape.com)

In recent years, intraoperative lung-protective mechanical ventilation (LPV) has been reportedly able to attenuate ventilator-induced lung injuries (VILI). (springer.com)
4 ) However, IMV is not without complications, such as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), excessive sedation and haemodynamic consequences. (medrxiv.org)
Based on the strict limitation of tidal volumes and inspiratory alveolar pressures these strategies aim at preventing ventilation induced lung injury (VILI) by minimizing tidal overdistension and recruitment ( 4 ). (amegroups.org)

Another well-documented complication is ventilator-associated lung injury which presents as acute respiratory distress syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
A recent study by the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network compared the traditional lower end-expiratory pressure strategy with a higher end-expiratory pressure strategy in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome ventilated with low tidal volumes. (atsjournals.org)
In conclusion, the protocol proposed by the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, lacking solid physiologic basis, frequently fails to induce alveolar recruitment and may increase the risk of alveolar overinflation. (atsjournals.org)
Background Prone positioning (PP) is an established and commonly used lung recruitment method for intubated patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, with potential benefits in clinical outcome. (researchsquare.com)

Ventilating the lungs in a manner that promotes alveolar over-distention and de-recruitment increases inflammation in the lungs (biotrauma). (medicosecuador.com)
How the lungs are ventilated may thus play a role in systemic inflammation. (medicosecuador.com)
Systemic inflammation arising from the lungs can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. (medicosecuador.com)
He further described lung protective strategy as preventing the destruction of lung units due to the repetitive opening and closing of alveolar units, reducing lung inflammation, and improving gas distribution and oxygenation (3). (osrcpnw.org)
No study has investigated the relationship between cough reflex sensitivity and NO. In this study, we hypothesized that NO produced by iNOS might be a promoter in cough reflex sensitivity, and therefore performed the iNOS inhibition experiment using NOS inhibitors, in non-sensitized guinea pigs with normal cough reflex sensitivity and in OVA-sensitized guinea pigs which were of increased cough reflex sensitivity associated with allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, we tested a hypothesis in a rat model that multiple interrupted exposures to the barn air will cause chronic lung inflammation and decline in lung function. (biomedcentral.com)
We conclude that multiple exposures to endotoxin-containing swine barn air induce AHR, increase in mucus-containing airway epithelial cells and lung inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
Collectively, these data show that a single exposure to the barn air initiates acute lung inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)

Secondly, the tidal volumes used in this study merit closer attention. (medscimonit.com)
In intensive care medicine tidal volumes over the past decades have progressively decreased from >12-15 ml/kg actual body weight (ABW) [10,11] to Nevertheless, the findings by Fujita et al. (medscimonit.com)
The most significant changes in mechanical ventilation management over the past several years have been the recommendations for the use of lower tidal volumes and limitation of pressure. (medscape.com)

Mechanical ventilation is used for many reasons, including to protect the airway due to mechanical or neurologic cause, to ensure adequate oxygenation, or to remove excess carbon dioxide from the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
Lung protective mechanical ventilation significantly improved intraoperative pulmonary oxygenation function and pulmonary compliance in patients experiencing various abdominal laparoscopic surgeries, but it could not ameliorate early postoperative atelectasis and oxygenation function on the first day after surgery. (springer.com)
We tested the hypothesis that the lung-protective ventilation strategy including a low tidal volume, an appropriate level of PEEP and periodic recruitment maneuvers could improve intraoperative oxygenation function, pulmonary mechanics, and early postoperative atelectasis. (springer.com)
[ 5 ] A later study by Thomas and colleagues performed a post hoc data analysis of 255 children to correlate SF and PF ratios as well as oxygenation indices (OIs) with lung injury severity and substituting SpO 2 for PaO 2 to calculate an oxygenation saturation index (OSI) for corresponding lung injuries. (medscape.com)
MV provides positive airway pressure and airflow to support work of breathing, sustain oxygenation and enable patient recovery. (biomedcentral.com)
The severity of hypoxemia and the high mortality reported in patients with COVID-19 that required early intubation, have led many clinicians to adopt lung recruitment methods to improve oxygenation, gas exchange and, potentially, clinical outcome 8 . (researchsquare.com)
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( ECMO ), also known as extracorporeal life support ( ECLS ), is an extracorporeal technique of providing prolonged cardiac and respiratory support to persons whose heart and lungs are unable to provide an adequate amount of gas exchange or perfusion to sustain life. (wikipedia.org)
Generally, it is used either post-cardiopulmonary bypass or in late-stage treatment of a person with profound heart and/or lung failure, although it is now seeing use as a treatment for cardiac arrest in certain centers, allowing treatment of the underlying cause of arrest while circulation and oxygenation are supported. (wikipedia.org)

Mechanical ventilation, assisted ventilation or intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) is the medical term for using a machine called a ventilator to fully or partially provide artificial ventilation. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanical ventilation helps move air into and out of the lungs, with the main goal of helping the delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
Various healthcare providers are involved with the use of mechanical ventilation and people who require ventilators are typically monitored in an intensive care unit. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanical ventilation is termed invasive if it involves an instrument to create an airway that is placed inside the trachea. (wikipedia.org)
The two main types of mechanical ventilation include positive pressure ventilation where air is pushed into the lungs through the airways, and negative pressure ventilation where air is pulled into the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
The Greek physician Galen may have been the first to describe mechanical ventilation: "If you take a dead animal and blow air through its larynx [through a reed], you will fill its bronchi and watch its lungs attain the greatest distention. (wikipedia.org)
Because mechanical ventilation serves only to provide assistance for breathing and does not cure a disease, the patient's underlying condition should be identified and treated in order to liberate them from the ventilator. (wikipedia.org)
It has become increasingly accepted that mechanical ventilation, although often life-saving, can contribute to lung injury. (medicosecuador.com)
Mechanical ventilation of the trauma patient can be complicated by chest trauma, burns, inhalation injury, and head trauma. (medicosecuador.com)
PSV delivered by various mechanical ventilators is characterized by a nonadjustable velocity of pressurization ( i.e . the time to set the pressure support level). (ersjournals.com)
Because a low PIF may result in excessive inspiratory effort 2 , mechanical ventilators are designed to deliver the maximum PIF during the initial rise to pressure support level 3 . (ersjournals.com)
Higher-than-traditional PEEP levels together with lung recruiting maneuvers have been proposed to reduce the portion of nonaerated lung, thus avoiding cyclic alveolar recruiting/derecruiting during mechanical ventilation ( 5 ). (atsjournals.org)
For each of these imaging techniques, the panel evaluated the following items: possible indications, technical aspects, qualitative and quantitative analysis of lung morphology and the potential interplay with mechanical ventilation. (ersjournals.com)
Mechanical complications of bronchoscopy are primarily related to airway manipulations or bleeding. (lww.com)
The use of selective pulmonary vasodilators and lung protective mechanical ventilation strategies are therapeutic interventions that can ameliorate PVD. (amegroups.org)
For mechanical ventilation, lung recruitment maneuvers include Sigh, High Frequency Ventilation, Airway Pressure Release Ventilation, prone positioning and PEEP, PEEP and more PEEP. (osrcpnw.org)
Extubation, the process of removing an artificial airway to liberate a patient from mechanical ventilation (MV), leads to non-negligible risks due to significant respiratory and circulatory changes. (frontiersin.org)

Hypoxemia, new pulmonary opacities (unilateral or bilateral) on chest imaging, decreased lung compliance, and increased physiological dead space are telltale clinical signs. (medscape.com)
As lung becomes edematous and consolidated, tachypnea and hypoxemia are caused by progressive restrictive lung dz and muscle fatigue. (uihc.org)

It is an acute, diffuse, inflammatory lung injury caused by diverse pulmonary and nonpulmonary etiologies. (medscape.com)
However, the heterogenous nature of the parenchymal lung involvement creates important regional differences that greatly amplify lung tissue strain that can trigger an inflammatory response in those areas receiving a disproportionately high local tidal volume ( 5 ). (amegroups.org)
Nitric oxide (NO) may play an essential role in regulating airway function and in the pathophysiology of inflammatory airway diseases [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
1-3 Other plausible mediators causing diaphragmatic dysfunction include peroxynitrite, a powerful oxidant (formed by reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide[NO]). 4-6 In sepsis, endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines induce expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein, leading to excessive production of NO. 7-9 Large amounts of NO produced by iNOS react readily with the superoxide radical to form peroxynitrite. (asahq.org)

Ventilator-induced lung injury can also result from cyclic closing and re-opening of alveoli (atelectrauma). (medicosecuador.com)
Minimizing alveoli overdistension may prevent secondary lung injury. (rtmagazine.com)
Defining lung recruitment maneuver as a technique to open collapsed alveoli, incentive spirometry is a lung recruitment maneuver. (osrcpnw.org)

Applying constant high pressure (P high) for an approximately 80-90% of cycle time (T high) results in persistent application of elevated mean airway pressure (MAP). (uihc.org)

The benefits of higher or lower tidal volume, PEEP, and other settings are highly debated and no consensus has been reached. (biomedcentral.com)

This injury is ameliorated by use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) sufficient to avoid alveolar de-recruitment. (medicosecuador.com)
Technically, the higher PEEP strategy was implemented through a higher PEEP/lower F i O 2 combination table with the addition of lung recruiting maneuvers. (atsjournals.org)
For the effectiveness of lung protection, any higher PEEP approach should increase the end-expiratory lung volume through alveolar recruitment, avoiding lung overinflation ( 9 ). (atsjournals.org)
Marini defined lung recruitment as a sustained increase in airway pressure with the goal to open collapsed lung units and then add sufficient PEEP to maintain the units open (3). (osrcpnw.org)
The therapists followed the ARDSNet protocol in the LTV group: a tidal volume of 4-8 cc/kg ideal body weight with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) adjusted using a PEEP-FiO 2 table. (medscape.com)

Of importance, mean airway pressures were also higher with PRVC ventilation as compared with VCV, which in itself may be partly responsible for the detrimental effects. (medscimonit.com)
This was first achieved in the late 19th century when John Dalziel and Alfred Jones independently developed tank ventilators, in which ventilation was achieved by placing a patient inside a box that enclosed the body in a box with sub-atmospheric pressures. (wikipedia.org)
High airway pressures still give me pause, but we know that LTV doesn't entirely prevent lung injury either. (medscape.com)

Extubation failure (EF) can lead to an increased chance of ventilator-associated pneumonia, longer hospital stays, and a higher mortality rate. (frontiersin.org)
However, premature extubation in unprepared patients will cause extubation failure (EF), leading to a higher risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia, extended hospital stays, and higher mortality (25-50%) ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)

First case clinical study records described the development of severe or mild respiratory distress in patients with severe pancreatitis, sepsis, nonthoracic injuries, massive transfusion, and other conditions. (ceufast.com)

Pathophysiology is characterized by increased vascular permeability, increased lung weight, and loss of aerated tissue within 7 days of insult. (medscape.com)

The opacities are representative of acute parenchymal lung disease. (medscape.com)

Part I, 'An Overview of the Prevention of Nosocomial Pneumonia, 1994,' provides the background information for the consensus recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) in Part II, 'Recommendations for Prevention of Nosocomial Pneumonia. (cdc.gov)

CT w/ dense regions in dependent areas reflecting collapse of edematous lung/ w secondary atelectasis. (uihc.org)

IT is well-known that endotoxemia or sepsis causes multiple organ injury, including the respiratory muscle ( e.g., diaphragm). (asahq.org)

investigated the effect of peak inspiratory flow in a rabbit acute lung injury model [9]. (medscimonit.com)
The authors conclude form their experiments that high inspiratory flow is associated with greater deterioration in gas exchange and lung injury. (medscimonit.com)

However the mechanisms of lung dysfunction following repeated exposures to the barn air are still largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
The authors conducted the current study to evaluate whether propofol prevents diaphragmatic dysfunction induced by septic peritonitis. (asahq.org)
Pretreatment with propofol attenuated diaphragmatic dysfunction induced by septic peritonitis in hamsters assessed by contractile profiles and endurance capacity. (asahq.org)
Although the precise mechanism underlying infection-induced impairment of contractile profile and endurance capacity in the respiratory muscle remains to be elucidated, many mediators are thought to contribut to the pathogenesis of diaphragmatic dysfunction. (asahq.org)

A common complication of positive pressure ventilation stemming directly from the ventilator settings include volutrauma and barotrauma. (wikipedia.org)
The modern concept of ventilator-induced lung injury is described in the context of alveolar over-distention (volutrauma), alveolar de-recruitment (atelectrauma), and biochemical injury and inflammantion to the lung parenchyma (biotrauma). (medicosecuador.com)

APRV applies continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with an intermittent release phase. (uihc.org)
We present our experience on the usage of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy and possible indicators of its success in this patient group. (medrxiv.org)
5 ) NIPPV can be provided as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP). (medrxiv.org)

After development of lung injury and start of either ventilation strategy to the end of the experiment, PaO2 values remained significantly higher in the VC group than in the PRVC group. (medscimonit.com)

Pes helps determine what fraction of Paw is applied to overcome lung and chest wall elastance. (atsjournals.org)
The responders had been ventilated for a shorter time, had less hemodynamic impairment, and lower lung and chest wall elastance. (osrcpnw.org)

Lungs from the exposed groups were inflamed as indicated by recruitment of neutrophils in all three exposed groups and eosinophils and an increase in numbers of airway epithelial goblet cells in 5- and 20-day exposure groups. (biomedcentral.com)

Oorspronkelijk werd het ontstaan van BPD toegeschreven aan schade van immatuur longweefsel door barotrauma en zuurstoftoxiciteit. (richtlijnendatabase.nl)

The application of CPAP (P high) for a prolonged time (T high) maintains adequate lung volume and alveolar recruitment. (uihc.org)

Moreover, clinicians implicitly account for patient-specific factors such as disease condition and progression as they manually titrate ventilator settings. (biomedcentral.com)

Lung Recruitment Maneuvers: Should we do them? (osrcpnw.org)
As RCPs, there are many lung recruitment maneuvers that our profession has utilized over the years. (osrcpnw.org)
The internationally renowned Dr. Amato described lung recruitment maneuvers in 1998 with his article on lung protective ventilation strategies (1). (osrcpnw.org)

This elevated MAP allows almost allows almost constant lung recruitment (open-lung approach), in contrast to repetitive inflation and deflation of the lung using conventional ventilatory methods. (uihc.org)

A recently published, randomized trial [ 6 ] compared APRV versus the current standard of care, low-tidal-volume ventilation (LTV). (medscape.com)
[ 8 ] The ventilator protocol for the APRV group roughly mirrored the strategy outlined by Habashi in 2005. (medscape.com)

Acute lung injury follows a direct pulmonary or systemic insult resulting in injury to the alveolar-capillary unit. (medscape.com)

1 2 ] Bronchoscopy, both fiberoptic and rigid, encompasses a number of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques to visualize the luminal surface of the trachea and proximal airways. (lww.com)

Three cycles of 5-min ischemia/5-min reperfusion induced by a blood pressure cuff served as RIPC stimulus. (silverchair.com)

However, nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia, which avidly binds cyanide, decreases oxygen-carrying capacity that is already reduced by the presence of carboxyhemoglobin (inhalation of carbon monoxide in smoke). (asahq.org)

More recent advances include stent placement for relief of airway compression, laser applications (tumor resection), curtailing hemorrhage (using cryocoagulation/cryotherapy), assisting in the placement of percutaneous tracheostomies, and securing the airway through facilitation of endotracheal tube placement. (lww.com)
The authors hypothesized that limb RIPC would reduce lung injury in patients undergoing pulmonary resection. (silverchair.com)
In a randomized, prospective, parallel, controlled trial, 216 patients undergoing elective thoracic pulmonary resection under one-lung ventilation with propofol-remifentanil anesthesia were randomized 1:1 to receive either limb RIPC or conventional lung resection (control). (silverchair.com)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different pressurization rates during pressure support ventilation on breathing pattern, work of breathing, gas exchange and patient comfort in patients with acute lung injury. (ersjournals.com)

Endoscopic techniques that allow visualization of the airways of patients with pulmonary maladies have become a mainstay of medical treatment. (lww.com)
Postmortem examination verified that the lungs in patients died of COVID-19 are indeed filled with sticky mucus, suggesting a great need to improve airway mucus clearance in critically ill COVID-19 patients. (techscience.com)
Therefore, it may be helpful to comprehensively review the current understanding regarding the changes of biochemical and rheological features of airway mucus associated with the disease, as well as the physiological principles and algorithm to decide airway clearance techniques suitable for the critically ill COVID-19 patients. (techscience.com)
Based on these considerations, optimized strategies may be developed to eliminate the airway mucus accumulated in the airways of critically ill COVID-19 patients. (techscience.com)
These findings indicate that the augmentation of ENO results from increased iNOS expression in the airway of bronchial asthma patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Totally 382 patients, with 6958 ventilator settings eligible for lung protection, were classified into low (mean V T = 6.7 ml/kg), intermediate (mean V T = 8.9 ml/kg) and high (mean V T = 11.2 ml/kg) V T groups. (medintensiva.org)

The same diagnostic criteria can be applied to special populations, including children with cyanotic heart disease (CHD) and chronic lung disease (CLD). (medscape.com)

Engineered, protective lung strategies that can directly account for and manage inter- and intra-patient variability thus offer great potential to improve both individual care, as well as cohort clinical outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)

Pivotal to that strategy were both prevention of tidal alveolar overstretch and limitation of tidal alveolar excursions. (atsjournals.org)

HFOV - Extreme form of low tidal volume. (uihc.org)

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