OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth CareGeographicals
AircraftCoalCoal MiningKeroseneCoal TarNoise, TransportationCookingAir Pollution, IndoorAviationHydrocarbonsPetroleumAccidents, AviationAerospace MedicineHeatingAirportsSulfur DioxideCoal AshPolycyclic Hydrocarbons, AromaticAerosolsPneumoconiosisParticulate MatterChrysanthemum cinerariifoliumEnvironmental ExposureFamily CharacteristicsAnthracosisDyssomniasOccupational ExposureTritolyl PhosphatesFuel OilsTravelChlorofluorocarbons, MethaneMotor VehiclesMicro-Electrical-Mechanical SystemsArabiaEnvironmental MonitoringGravitationDustInsecticides
GasolineDieselHydropowerINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATIONFuelsAviationGasificationMethaneStovesNatural gasHydrocarbonsLanternsRefineryTypes of coal1988PrimarySyntheticHydrogen productionEmissionsSteamCarbonElectricity generatedSoilPlantsExportsCaptureIncreasesBiomassUnderneathCommercialPowerEnginesAnnuallyProcessesVehiclesRapidlyIncludes1997ProcessComponentsWoodPracticalWaterYearsReservesTechnologiesEnergy productionSpecialInternational
Gasoline7
  • Gasoline enters the human environment as an un-combusted fuel-as a flammable liquid and as a vapor - by way of leakages occurred in the production and handling, transport and delivery. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1979, the US Air Force moved from its main operating fuel jet propellant number 4 (JP4), which is a blend of kerosene and gasoline, to JP8, a commercial aviation fuel containing military additives for protection against corrosion, static build-up and icing. (aspistrategist.org.au)
  • Because more of it is needed to power an aircraft than the blend of gasoline and kerosene used today, it can't be stored inside the wings as fuel is now. (tampabay.com)
  • Heat and catalysts converted methane into syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) which were then transformed into liquid hydrocarbons (otherwise known as oil and its derivatives): petroleum, gasoline and, in the case of aviation, kerosene. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Oil refinery is an industrial process facility where crude oil is refined into more useful products such as asphalt, heating oil, fuel oil, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, naphtha, gasoline, kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas. (bunkerist.com)
  • blenders' credit, ethanol prices look cheaper than wholesale gasoline, so the continued expansion of ethanol production might help hold down increases in gasoline prices by a few cents per gallon. (blogspot.com)
  • The scenario for a $4.00 per gallon average US retail gasoline price thus requires a combination of several non-routine factors: a larger-than-expected reduction in gasoline production than from scheduled refinery maintenance alone, a difficult transition to the higher ethanol mandate, or something that impeded our imports of a million-plus barrels per day of gasoline from offshore. (blogspot.com)
Diesel3
  • Above diesel is kerosene. (nagwa.com)
  • Dr. Diesel experimented with coal powder in water before changing to peanut oil, and he perfected his engine design using peanut oil just in time for (I believe) the 1900 World's Fair. (newmars.com)
  • Over 100 years ago, coal powder suspended in water was considered as a possible energy carrier for the diesel engine. (newmars.com)
Hydropower1
  • During and after World War I, there was a dramatic change in energy production , shifting heavily away from wood and hydropower and toward fossil fuels - coal and, ultimately, petroleum. (attentiontotheunseen.com)
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION2
  • EST) February 17, 1998 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION Industrial production was unchanged in January as warmer than average weather led to a 4.0 percent drop in the output of utilities. (federalreserve.gov)
  • EDT) April 16, 2004 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION The attached tables contain detail on industrial production, capacity, utilization, and electric power use that are not contained in the G.17 release. (stlouisfed.org)
Fuels13
  • Since the first flight of a turbojet-powered aircraft in 1939, the recurring cycle of engine evolution followed better fuel performance has created deep-rooted conservatism and dependence on fossil fuels by aircraft and engine manufacturers. (aspistrategist.org.au)
  • To counter concerns about energy security and fuel-price volatility, countries such as the US supplemented their conventional jet fuel reserves with fuels produced from coal, tar sands and shale oil. (aspistrategist.org.au)
  • In the face of these challenges, the aviation sector has sought to use 'drop-in' alternative fuels that are suitable for existing aircraft. (aspistrategist.org.au)
  • Investment in drop-in alternative jet fuels is mainly due to the time and cost involved in engine and aircraft design and development. (aspistrategist.org.au)
  • The first includes synthetic jet fuels produced from coal, natural gas and other hydrocarbons. (aspistrategist.org.au)
  • In contrast, the entire emissions lifecycle of bio-jet fuels from production to consumption is much better than both conventional and synthetic fuels, making them attractive from an emissions and sustainability perspective. (aspistrategist.org.au)
  • The most common substances that are used as fuels in Tanzania include wood, wood charcoal, coal, petroleum products and natural gas. (msomibora.com)
  • Petroleum fossil fuels are burned in internal combustion engines to power ships, automobiles, aircraft engines, lawnmowers, motorcycles and other machinery. (bunkerist.com)
  • All fuels used in homes such as natural gas, coal, tube gas and fuel oil are mixtures of hydrocarbons. (bunkerist.com)
  • Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. (nationmaster.com)
  • Aviation is a large energy consumer, so energy is a very big part of Aviations cost, so when Aviation decides to transit away from fossil fuels as current energy source to new Green sources of energy, Aviation need to look at the entire energy production(s) and supply-chain(s) it then choose to rely on in the future. (evtol.dk)
  • The production of biofuel is currently significantly more mature and cost effective than producing e-fuels. (worldfund.vc)
  • It is well accepted that both biofuels and e-fuels will play a major role in future SAF production. (worldfund.vc)
Aviation3
  • Hydrogen is the most promising energy type to allow us to power aircraft and aviation with renewable energy," says Glenn Llewellyn, the engineer leading Airbus' moonshot experiment. (tampabay.com)
  • These include the production of construction materials such as steel and cement, and the role of transportation including aviation and shipping. (azocleantech.com)
  • The cost of 'Sustainable' jet fuel is astronomical compared to kerosene and really, the amount of carbon dioxide produced by aviation worldwide amounts to a fart in a whirlwind. (flightaware.com)
Gasification2
  • However, although hydrogen releases only water as a result of its reaction with oxygen through a fuel cell, the hydrogen production pathway is currently a challenging issue since hydrogen is produced mainly from thermochemical processes (natural gas reforming, coal gasification). (h2knowledgecentre.com)
  • 2) coal gasification. (flightaware.com)
Methane2
  • and capture landfill production of methane, which can be converted into a renewable energy source. (triplepundit.com)
  • Hitler flew Messerschmitts on it,' says William Anderson, assistant secretary of the U.S. Air Force for installations, environment and logistics, about such Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuel , which can be made from methane, coal, plant oils-even wood waste. (scientificamerican.com)
Stoves3
  • The gas can be found in certain furnaces, kerosene heaters, vehicles warming up in garages, stoves, lanterns and other heating devices and appliances. (ksnt.com)
  • Kerosene is used in kerosene lamps and stoves for heating at homes and for other general purposes. (msomibora.com)
  • The better homes were heated with coal burning fireplaces and the stores by coal or oil burning potbelly stoves. (wrsmithclocks.com)
Natural gas8
  • It is also widely believed that some process similar to the natural gas fuel cell or microbial fuel cell (charged from biomass or sewage) may be practical using coal as fuel. (greenenergyinvestors.com)
  • Airline says it has made history by operating world's first commercial flight using fuel made from natural gas, creating a potential new source of aircraft fuel for the future. (mbtmag.com)
  • DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) -- Qatar Airways says it has made history by operating the world's first commercial flight using fuel made from natural gas, creating a potential new source of aircraft fuel for the future. (mbtmag.com)
  • Royal Dutch Shell made the fuel using a half-and-half mixture of regular jet fuel and synthetic kerosene made from natural gas. (mbtmag.com)
  • It hopes to become the top producer of liquid kerosene made from natural gas once commercial production begins in 2012. (mbtmag.com)
  • Today, most hydrogen is used in oil refining and chemical manufacturing, and it's almost always made from natural gas or coal. (tampabay.com)
  • It is not a natural fuel like coal, crude oil, and natural gas, but rather a chemical plant product. (flightaware.com)
  • Energy is released - among other things - during the combustion of for example natural gas, petroleum, hard coal and biofuels. (cbs.nl)
Hydrocarbons1
  • Kerosene consists of hydrocarbons with roughly 10 to 16 carbon atoms with boiling points between 175 and 325 degrees Celsius. (nagwa.com)
Lanterns1
  • women could make dresses from the printed cloth.Electricity had not reached the small towns, and kerosene lamps and lanterns were the basic sources of light. (wrsmithclocks.com)
Refinery1
  • Aldo Steinfeld, a professor at ETH Zürich's Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, says his system for converting ambient air into jet-ready kerosene fuel using a solar refinery tower isn't science fiction. (newmars.com)
Types of coal3
  • Forward and spot prices are provided for a number of types of coal, and for different locations. (greenenergyinvestors.com)
  • As the peat is buried deeper, the increasing heat and pressure compress it progressively to form different types of coal . (msomibora.com)
  • Its carbon content also increases, giving different types of coal. (msomibora.com)
19881
Primary2
  • The primary example of clean coal is the proposed U.S. FutureGen plant - a zero-emissions coal-fired power plant. (greenenergyinvestors.com)
  • Alumina and aluminum production and processing 3313 Primary aluminum production 331312 Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum 331314 Misc. (stlouisfed.org)
Synthetic1
  • Some synthetic jet-fuel production methods are emissions-intensive, however, reducing their overall benefits. (aspistrategist.org.au)
Hydrogen production2
  • On the other hand, hydrogen production through water electrolysis has attracted a lot of attention as a means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by using low-carbon sources such as renewable energy (solar, wind, hydro) and nuclear energy. (h2knowledgecentre.com)
  • Green Hydrogen is promoted as the cheap clean fuel of the future, but why hasn't the Energy Sector then already started cleaning up the current Grey & Black CO2 emitting Hydrogen production and converted it to Green Hydrogen. (evtol.dk)
Emissions3
  • 1983. Chemical and biological characterization of emissions from coal- and oil-fired power plants. (cdc.gov)
  • The efforts also build on the airline's existing programs like investments in fuel-saving technologies and aircraft, as well as advocating for a more fuel-efficient air traffic control system that would reduce emissions from flying. (triplepundit.com)
  • Suppliers of fuel for transportation - including liquid motor vehicle fuel, special fuel, or aircraft fuel - filing periodic tax reports to the Washington state department of licensing (DOL), and emitting over 10,000 metric tons of GHG emissions per year. (wa.gov)
Steam5
  • CLEAN COAL is coal chemically washed of minerals and impurities, sometimes gasified, burned and the resulting flue gases treated with steam and reburned so as to make the carbon dioxide in the flue gas economically recoverable. (greenenergyinvestors.com)
  • Euriscoal web site provides coal prices, average prices CIF main European ports for Cooking Coal and for Steam Coal based on publications of the European Commission, McCloskey Information Services Ltd, and Coal Week International, with maximum 1.5 year of historic data. (greenenergyinvestors.com)
  • Coal is mostly used in steam turbines, though some convert coal to gas for use in gas turbines. (nwceatlas.org)
  • Geothermal, biomass, and petroleum account for small percentages of electricity production and are used in steam turbines or gas turbines. (nwceatlas.org)
  • I remembered that coal and steam where also used to create methanol. (newmars.com)
Carbon3
  • 2. A supplier of liquid motor vehicle fuel, special fuel, or aircraft fuel that supplies products equivalent to at least 10,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide annually in the state. (wa.gov)
  • The result is syngas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which is then processed into kerosene. (newmars.com)
  • Now let's take a look at how carbon/CO2 moves around when we make electrofuels vs when we make kerosene. (worldfund.vc)
Electricity generated1
  • The electricity generated from coal is used in such industries as Tanga cement and several other industries in Dar es Salaam. (msomibora.com)
Soil2
  • Multiphase migration of kerosene components in soil columns, Journal of Contaminated Hydrology 4(4):333-345. (cdc.gov)
  • It is also used as herbicides, fungicides, soil fumigants, and as a building block in the production of Lycra® (PolyTHF). (dalinyebo.com)
Plants3
  • Update a bit later: A related subtopic is how to best use waste from production of oil from plants. (newmars.com)
  • Electric power consumption measures the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants less transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants. (nationmaster.com)
  • Production includes the output of electricity plants that are designed to produce electricity only as well as that of combined heat and power plants. (nationmaster.com)
Exports2
  • He said that Russian oil exports are expected to drop to 3 billion barrels a day, and that international efforts to release reserves and promote increased production elsewhere will help, but will not suffice. (azocleantech.com)
  • For example, Montana exports around 78% of the coal it produces. (nwceatlas.org)
Capture1
Increases1
  • The output of durables rose just 0.3 percent as strong increases in computer and office equipment, aircraft, and electrical machinery were partially offset by a decrease in motor vehicles and parts. (federalreserve.gov)
Biomass1
  • Furfural (fûr'fərəl) or furfuraldehyde (fûr'fərăl'dəhīd) is an industrial chemical derived from a variety of lignocellulosic biomass such as forest residues or agricultural by-products, i.e. its origin is non-food or non-coal/oil based. (dalinyebo.com)
Underneath1
  • Airbus is also considering other solutions, including putting the gas in pods under the wing or in the cheeks underneath the aircraft, Llewellyn says. (tampabay.com)
Commercial4
  • Llewellyn's team is studying three designs: a classic commercial aircraft, a turboprop plane, and a new model that blends the wing into the body of the jet. (tampabay.com)
  • If peanuts (or any plant) are encouraged for production of oil for heating or other non-food purposes, there is a risk of disease rapidly spreading in large commercial operations. (newmars.com)
  • In 1922, the Quaker Oates factory at Cedar Rapids (Iowa, USA) started a small commercial furfural production of ±2.5 tons per day. (dalinyebo.com)
  • The output of computers and commercial aircraft rose strongly, while output retreated for other major business equipment components, most notably industrial equipment. (federalreserve.gov)
Power1
Engines3
Annually1
Processes1
  • We will then dive deeper into existing processes for electrofuel production, as well as examining where innovation could occur. (worldfund.vc)
Vehicles1
  • And in comparison to coal, when utilized in vehicles and ships, petroleum brought flexibility as it could be transported with ease and used in different types of vehicles. (attentiontotheunseen.com)
Rapidly1
Includes1
  • This includes the general history of the petroleum industry, chemistry and science related aspects of oil recovery and production, and literature about aspects of the petroleum trade intended for tradesmen. (si.edu)
19972
  • At 127.9 percent of its 1992 average, total industrial production in January was 5.5 percent higher than it was in January 1997. (federalreserve.gov)
  • 3 69.5 88.2 94.1 Table 1 (continued) INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION: INDUSTRY SUBTOTALS AND INDIVIDUAL SERIES Index, 1997 = 100 Item NAICS 2003 IP Proportion1 2003 Oct. Seasonally adjusted 2004 Nov. Dec.r Jan.r Feb.r Mar.p 2003 Oct. Not seasonally adjusted 2004 Nov. Dec.r Jan.r Feb.r Mar.p Nonmetallic mineral product 327 Clay, lime, gypsum, and misc. (stlouisfed.org)
Process6
  • As the process continues, the coal gets harder and more compact. (msomibora.com)
  • 2. Industrial production aggregates consistent with the stage-of-process capacity groups. (stlouisfed.org)
  • ETH Zürich professor Aldo Steinfeld spent 15 years developing a process to turn air into jet-ready kerosene. (newmars.com)
  • beer production' or 'the production of beer' shall be taken to mean the process whereby beer is produced from the fermentation of the wort and any process whereby beer of a lower density or specific gravity is derived from beer, whatever its origin, of a higher density or specific gravity. (who.int)
  • By 1000 AD Bessemer-like steel production occurred first in China but then not in Europe until Henry Bessemer patented the process in 1856 in Scotland. (leodeanjansen.com)
  • In the 1870s, Andrew Carnegie used to the Bessemer process on a large industrial scale to dominate steel production in the US thereby becoming one of the wealthiest men in the world. (leodeanjansen.com)
Components1
  • Such resins are used in the manufacture of casting moulds, fiberglass, some aircraft components, and automotive brake linings. (dalinyebo.com)
Wood1
  • Wood is definitely a practical heating option, but like coal, it ** does ** have the disadvantage of creating solid waste that has to be disposed of. (newmars.com)
Practical1
Water1
  • The dispute was between powdered coal floating in water, and peanut oil. (newmars.com)
Years3
  • The new agreement raises base hourly pay for production workers by almost 20% over three years. (mbtmag.com)
  • In September, Airbus SE gave itself five years to develop a commercially viable hydrogen aircraft. (tampabay.com)
  • The Navy converted to oil from coal a few years before the U.S. entered World War I, helping to solidify petroleum's strategic status. (attentiontotheunseen.com)
Reserves2
Technologies1
Energy production1
  • The scale of the energy transition that's needed is extraordinary: It requires a global shift of energy production, distribution, and use across all industries. (itif.org)
Special1
  • Accidental poisoning in children with special reference to kerosene poisoning. (cdc.gov)
International1
  • As impressive as the U.S.' domestic oil production was from 1900-1920 , however, the real revolution occurred on the international scene, as British, Dutch and French European powers used corporations such as Shell, British Petroleum and others to begin developing oil wherever it occurred. (attentiontotheunseen.com)