• It is usually used in combination with an alpha- 2 agonists (such as xylazine) or a benzodiazepine (such as valium/diazepam) to improve anesthetic induction. (rrcus.org)
  • ACP, xylazine, medetomidine and other α2 agonists can markedly decrease tissue perfusion and should be avoided. (vin.com)
  • Yohimbine (yohimbine HCl) is an α2-adrenergic antagonist that is used to reverse xylazine, an α2-adrenergic agonist that is widely used for sedation, anesthesia, muscle relaxation and analgesia in veterinary medicine. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • Xylazine (Xylazine HCl) is an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist (α2- adrenergic agonist) that is used as a sedative and analgesic agent in a variety of species, as well as an emetic in cats. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • Medetomidine has an alpha-2:alpha-1 selectivity factor of 1620 and, when compared to xylazine, is reportedly 10 times more specific for alpha-2 receptors vs alpha-1 receptors. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • Medetomidine also induces sedation for a longer period than does xylazine. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • The α2-adrenoceptor agonists, medetomidine and xylazine, are widely used in veterinary practice as sedative, muscle relaxant and analgesic agents for different species. (huveta.hu)
  • Net pharmacologic effects are to reduce sedation, decrease blood pressure, increase heart and respiratory rates, and re-duce the analgesic effects of alpha 2 -adrenergic agonists. (elephantcare.org)
  • d) Atipamezole effectively reverses medetomidine sedation at doses of 200 mcg/kg body weight. (elephantcare.org)
  • This study assessed the effects of sedation using a combination of fentanyl, midazolam and medetomidine in comparison to ketamine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Naltrexone hydrochloride is an opioid receptor antagonist that is used in veterinary medicine to block receptors as a reversal agent for opiate agonists such as butorphanol. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • Medetomidine (medetomidine hydrochloride), used alone and in combination with other drugs, has been shown to be useful for anesthesia and immobilization in zoo animals. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • DEXDOMITOR (dexmedetomidine hydrochloride) is a synthetic alpha 2 -adrenoreceptor agonist with sedative and analgesic properties. (nih.gov)
  • 2015). The effects of different concentrations of the α 2 -adrenoceptor agonist medetomidine on basal excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal slices of adult mice . (up.pt)
  • Description: Medetomidine is a selective ?2-adrenoceptor agonist, with Ki of 1.08 nM, exhibts 1620-fold selectivity over ?1-adrenoceptor. (synoviocytes.com)
  • Pharmacology - Atipamezole competitively inhibits alpha 2 -adrenergic receptors, thereby acting as a reversal agent for alpha 2 -adrenergic agonists ( e.g. , medetomidine). (elephantcare.org)
  • Uses/Indications - Atipamezole is labeled for use as a reversal agent for medetomidine. (elephantcare.org)
  • It potentially could be useful for reversal of other alpha 2 -adrenergic agonists as well ( e.g., amitraz, xy-lazine). (elephantcare.org)
  • Induction and reversal times with NalMed-A were 5.53±2.61 min and (following atipamezole administration) 5.08±2.43 min while previous studies with alpha-2 agonist-ketamine combinations gave median and average induction times of 4.6 min and 11.2 min using medetomidine-ketamine and xylazine-ketamine, respectively. (allenpress.com)
  • Although this can be achieved by the addition of medetomidine, as in other species, recovery is still relatively prolonged even after reversal of the medetomidine with atipamezole [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study compared the effects of a combination of fentanyl-midazolam-medetomidine (FMM), followed by reversal with naloxone and atipamezole, with ketamine (KET) in rhesus macaques. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For anesthetic reversal, atipamezole (Antisedan®, 5 mg/ml, Orion Pharma Animal Health, Espoo, Finland) was administered IM at 5 times the medetomidine dose. (vin.com)
  • Alpha-adrenergic agonists are a class of sympathomimetic agents that selectively stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nonspecific agonists act as agonists at both alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • ergotamine etilefrine indanidine mephentermine metaraminol methoxamine mivazerol naphazoline norfenefrine octopamine phenylpropanolamine propylhexedrine rilmenidine romifidine synephrine talipexole Alpha-adrenergic agonists, more specifically the auto receptors of alpha 2 neurons, are used in the treatment of glaucoma by decreasing the production of aqueous fluid by the ciliary bodies of the eye and also by increasing uveoscleral outflow. (wikipedia.org)
  • A imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. (drugcentral.org)
  • Cirazoline is a full agonist at the α 1A adrenergic receptor , a partial agonist at both the α 1B and α 1D adrenergic receptors, [1] and a nonselective antagonist to the α 2 adrenergic receptor . (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycine [email protected] is an agonist to the glycine receptors (GlyRs), which are Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden pentameric ligand-gated ion channels that predomi- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish nantly consist of four ligand binding alpha (α) subunits University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (GLRA1-GLRA4) and one structural beta (β) subunit [3]. (sagepub.com)
  • A GABA receptor agonist is a drug that is an agonist for one or more of the GABA receptors, producing typically sedative effects, and may also cause other effects such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects. (wikimili.com)
  • Therefore, two different alpha-2 agonist-based protocols for the general anesthesia of kulans were investigated and compared with the standard etorphine immobilization. (bvsalud.org)
  • Drug Interactions - The manufacturer states that information on the use of atipamezole with other drugs is lacking, therefore, caution should be taken when using with other drugs (other than medetomidine). (elephantcare.org)
  • If it has been at least 45 minutes since medetomidine was given, may give atipamezole at half the volume of medetomidine if administered IV. (elephantcare.org)
  • If after 10-15 minutes an IM dose of atipamezole has not seemed to reverse the effects of medetomidine, an additional dose of atipamezole at 1/2 the volume of the medetomidine dose may be given. (elephantcare.org)
  • At 60 min following induction, medetomidine and detomidine were antagonized with atipamezole IM (5 mg/mg medetomidine or 2 mg/mg detomidine), etorphine and butorphanol with naltrexone IV (2 mg/mg butorphanol or 50 mg/mg etorphine), and midazolam and zolazepam with flumazenil IV (0.3 mg per animal). (bvsalud.org)
  • Once done we give the atipamezole IM at 1/2 (dex)medetomidine volume and they're usually ready to roll in 10 minutes. (vasg.org)
  • Kulans were darted using a ketamine-medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol (KMMB) protocol (n = 8, treatment group (TG) 1), a tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine-butorphanol (TZMB) protocol (n = 7, treatment group (TG) 2), or an etorphine-acepromazine-detomidine-butorphanol (EADB) protocol (n = 6, control group). (bvsalud.org)
  • In the present study, etorphine and the sedative combination butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine (BAM) were used. (drejtesia.org)
  • For the outpatients I use butorphanol, midazolam, and (dex)medetomidine. (vasg.org)
  • For the NMDA receptor, the NR1 subunit was analysed because it is necessary for NMDA receptor function, binding the co-agonist, glycine, while the NR2 subunit binds glutamate [18]. (bet-bromodomain.com)
  • amitraz Detomidine[citation needed] Lofexidine, an α2A adrenergic receptor agonist. (wikipedia.org)
  • The reduction of the stress response caused by alpha 2 agonists were theorised to be beneficial peri operatively by reducing cardiac complications, however this has shown not to be clinically effective as there was no reduction in cardiac events or mortality but there was an increased incidence of hypotension and bradycardia. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is in contrast to alpha2-agonist-based protocols which usually cause bradycardia [42]. (drejtesia.org)
  • Medetomidine (5mg/ml) provides superior pain relief and muscle relaxation to other compounds employing α-2 adrenergic agonists, with Ketamine HCL (150 mg/ml) supplying an effective paralytic. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • In horses undergoing volatile anaesthesia, does intraoperative alpha-2-agonist infusion improve recovery? (veterinaryevidence.org)
  • 1 Doppler echocardiographic effects of medetomidine on dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in cats. (vasg.org)
  • Lower pulse rates combined with systolic arterial hypertension were detected in the alpha-2 agonist-based protocols. (bvsalud.org)
  • Successful management of stuttering priapism using home self-injections of the alpha-agonist metaraminol. (en-academic.com)
  • It acts on the GHB receptor and is a weak agonist at the GABA B receptor. (wikimili.com)
  • drugs such as medetomidine that modify pain, heart rate and blood pressure. (vin.com)
  • Agonists are drugs that bind to a cell's receptor, producing a desired response. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • Yohimbine is also used to antagonize other α2-adrenergic agonist drugs. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • Alpha-adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of alpha blockers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alpha blocker Adrenergic agonist Beta-adrenergic agonist Declerck I, Himpens B, Droogmans G, Casteels R (September 1990). (wikipedia.org)
  • A different, robust approach is used in our studies with the sedative medetomidine[4], which allows for recovery of the animal and is thus compatible with the requirements for longitudinal experiments[5]. (bruker-webdev.de)
  • The pharmacological restraint and pain relief provided by medetomidine facilitates handling and aids in the conduct of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • Xylometazoline Oxymetazoline Apraclonidine[citation needed] Cirazoline Epinephrine The following agents are also listed as agonists by MeSH. (wikipedia.org)