• If intracellular Ca2+ is increased, such as after activation of the glutamate NMDA receptor, calcineurin activity increases and the phosphates will be removed. (ecu.edu)
  • This balance of phosphorylation control suggests that a D1 receptor agonist and a NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist should have additive or synergistic actions to increase activated DARPP-32 and consequent behavioral effects. (ecu.edu)
  • Vehicle, the D1 agonist SKF 38393, the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist memantine, or their combination were injected 2 h before and after lights out. (ecu.edu)
  • The combination of SKF 38393 with (+)-MK-801, another NMDA receptor antagonist, also failed to show an additive effect. (ecu.edu)
  • Acute stress increases glutamate release, membrane trafficking of AMPA and NMDA receptors, and potentially glutamate clearance in the prefrontal cortex through various mechanisms that involve glucocorticoid regulation. (nature.com)
  • Conantokin G, exclusive to piscivore cones, subdues prey by antagonizing the NMDA receptor, causing a sleeplike state. (medscape.com)
  • DNQX is a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) receptor complex antagonist. (adooq.com)
  • S)-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). (adooq.com)
  • CNQX is a competitive, non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist (IC50s = 0.3 and 1.5 uM for AMPA and kainate receptors, respectively, versus IC50 = 25 uM for NMDA receptors). (adooq.com)
  • Ibotenic acid is a NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist. (rndsystems.com)
  • Ketamine, an antagonist at the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, produces rapid antidepressant effects with low, subanesthetic doses of 0.5 mg/kg administered IV over 40 minutes. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Receptors for excitatory amino acids like N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors have both been found to play an important role in the transmission of photic information from the retina to the SCN. (eurekamag.com)
  • Application of DL-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid hydrobromide (AMPA) (1 or 10 microM), a non-NMDA-receptor agonist, also produced a dose-dependent phase delay of SCN activity. (eurekamag.com)
  • The NMDA-induced phase delay was antagonized by an NMDA-receptor antagonist MK-801. (eurekamag.com)
  • These findings suggest that both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors may be involved in the transmission of information to the SCN via the retinohypothalamic tract. (eurekamag.com)
  • In addition, both the advances and delays in phase caused by NMDA were potentiated by cotreatment with neuropeptide Y, whereas AMPA-induced phase delay was not potentiated by neuropeptide Y. This points to a functional link between NMDA and neuropeptide Y receptor-mediated mechanisms in the SCN. (eurekamag.com)
  • Researcher Ronald Duman further dissected these effects, showing that ketamine and its active metabolite norketamine reduce the steady firing rate of GABA interneurons by blocking NMDA receptors, while the partial agonist rapastinel acts on the glutamate neurons directly, and both increase the effects of a type of glutamate receptors known as AMPA. (bipolarnews.org)
  • Researcher Hailan Hu reported that NMDA glutamate receptors drive the burst firing of lateral habenula (LHb) neurons, which make up the depressogenic or "anti-reward center" of the brain and appear to mediate anhedonic behavior (loss of interest or enjoyment) in animal models of depression. (bipolarnews.org)
  • The GluN2B protein is one component (subunit) of a subset of specialized protein structures called NMDA receptors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There are several types of NMDA receptors, made up of different combinations of proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • NMDA receptors are glutamate-gated ion channels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • NMDA receptors are involved in normal brain development, changes in the brain in response to experience (synaptic plasticity), learning, and memory. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A shortage of this protein may reduce the number of functional NMDA receptors, which would reduce receptor activity in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • some mutations reduce NMDA receptor signaling while others increase it. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers are unsure how abnormal activity of NMDA receptors prevents normal growth and development of the brain or why too much or too little activity lead to similar neurological problems in people with GRIN2B -related neurodevelopmental disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Disease-associated missense mutations in GluN2B subunit alter NMDA receptor ligand binding and ion channel properties. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Among these mGlu receptors, numerous ligands (agonists, antagonists, positive modulators or negative modulators) have been developed for the mGlu2/3 and mGlu5 receptors. (openmedicinalchemistryjournal.com)
  • Although metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) modulation has been studied extensively in neurons, it has not been investigated in astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
  • These data suggest that glutamate, acting at several metabotropic receptors expressed by astrocytes, could modulate glial activity evoked by neurotransmitters and thereby influence the ongoing modulation of neurons by astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Modulation of glutamate transmission has been studied extensively in neurons in the CNS. (jneurosci.org)
  • Among the large GPCR family, GABAB receptor is activated by the neurotransmitter GABA, and is expressed in most neurons where it mediates slow and prolonged inhibition of synaptic transmission. (ebiotrade.com)
  • Here we show that this receptor is involved in the regulation of life and death decisions of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). (ebiotrade.com)
  • We show that specific activation of GABAB receptor can protect neurons from apoptosis through a mechanism that involves transactivation of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). (ebiotrade.com)
  • 2012 ) Functional evidence for D-serine inhibition of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate ionotropic glutamate receptors in retinal neurons. (neurotree.org)
  • Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activation suppresses ATP currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. (iasp-pain.org)
  • P2X3 receptors and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been found to be expressed in primary sensory neurons. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Herein, we reported that the group II mGluR activation inhibited the electrophysiological activity of P2X3 receptors in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Group II mGluR agonist LY354740 concentration-dependently decreased P2X3 receptor-mediated and α,β-methylene-ATP (α,β-meATP)-evoked inward currents in DRG neurons. (iasp-pain.org)
  • These results indicated that peripheral group II mGluR activation inhibited the functional activity of P2X3 receptors via a G protein and cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in rat DRG neurons, which revealed a novel mechanism underlying analgesic effects of peripheral group II mGluRs. (iasp-pain.org)
  • More interestingly, the kisspeptin neurons have been shown to express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), while the GnRH neurons express kisspeptin receptors, and kisspeptin depolarizes GnRH1 neurons in mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists potently inhibited MThal inputs without affecting ACC inputs to individual striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). (elifesciences.org)
  • Results revealed opposing roles of the MORs and DORs regarding information flow from the thalamus to the striatum, whereby MOR activation decreased glutamate transmission in the striatum, while DOR activation facilitated glutamate transmission via disinhibition of cortical pyramidal neurons. (elifesciences.org)
  • Many structures and processes are involved in the development of a seizure, including neurons, ion channels, receptors, glia, and inhibitory and excitatory synapses. (medscape.com)
  • These effects were demonstrated using a virus to selectively knock out GluN2B glutamate receptor subunits in either GABA interneurons or glutamate neurons. (bipolarnews.org)
  • These data suggest that stimulation of glutamate D1 pyramidal neurons from the medial prefrontal cortex to the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala is both necessary and sufficient to produce the antidepressant effects seen with ketamine treatment. (bipolarnews.org)
  • In contrast, delta-opioid receptor (DOR) agonists disinhibited ACC pyramidal neuron responses to MThal inputs by suppressing local feed-forward GABA signaling from parvalbumin-positive interneurons. (elifesciences.org)
  • The main groups include sodium channel blockers, calcium current inhibitors, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancers, glutamate blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, hormones, and drugs with unknown mechanisms of action (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Exciting results show that L-theanine works by decreasing the binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to its receptors and stimulating production of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. (lifeextension.com)
  • In addition to blocking excitatory stimuli at glutamate receptors in the brain, L-theanine also stimulates production of the inhibitory, relaxing neurotransmitter GABA, adding to its calming, anti-anxiety effects. (lifeextension.com)
  • Stimulation of the dopamine D1 receptor is reported to cause the phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at the thre34 position and activates the protein. (ecu.edu)
  • In the next series of experiments, coapplication of dopamine and 1 S ,3 R -ACPD, but not application of either drug alone, consistently induced LTD without tetani or even single test stimuli during drug application, suggesting that coactivation of dopamine receptors and the mGluRs is sufficient for LTD induction. (jneurosci.org)
  • Immunoblot analyses with anti-active mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP-Ks) revealed that D1 receptors, D2 receptors, group I mGluRs, and group II mGluRs all contribute to MAP-K activation in prefrontal cortex, and that combined activation of dopamine receptors and mGluRs synergistically or additively activate MAP-Ks. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our results suggest that dopamine receptors and groups I and II mGluRs cooperate to induce LTD through converging postsynaptic activation of MAP-Ks. (jneurosci.org)
  • In accordance, systemic injection of dopamine receptor D1 agonists in vivo promote rapid cleavage of the ECM protein brevican 16 . (nature.com)
  • Stimulating medial prefrontal cortex cells that contained dopamine D1 receptors, but not D2 receptors, produced rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. (bipolarnews.org)
  • LY404187 is a selective, potent and centrally active positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors. (adooq.com)
  • NBQX is a potent, selective and competitive AMPA receptor antagonist. (adooq.com)
  • YM90K hydrochloride is a selective AMPA receptor antagonist that delays neuronal death in a global ischemia model and cerebral infarction in a focal ischemia model following postischemic administration. (adooq.com)
  • LY3130481 is an AMPA receptor antagonist that is dependent upon transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP) γ-8, selective inhibits AMPA/TARP γ-8 with an IC50 of 65 nM. (adooq.com)
  • Zonampanel (YM 872) is a selective antagonist of the glutamate receptor subtype, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor. (adooq.com)
  • Selective agonist for group II mGluRs. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • 2 R ,4 R )-APDC is a highly selective and relatively potent group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist. (tocris.com)
  • Previously, descriptions of pharmacological effects associated with 'non-selective' β-adrenergic receptor agonists used to manage pulmonary diseases such as asthma or COPD necessarily include unwanted side effects often due to β 1 adrenergic receptor activation. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Other medications, which are relatively selective for β 2 -adrenergic receptors, retain the benefits in management of asthma and COPD, while limiting adverse effects mediated by β 1 -adrenergic receptor activation. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • At higher doses β 2 -selective adrenergic agonists are still able to activate β 1 -receptors, again emphasizing the role of drug concentration in drug specificity. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • The premise of β 2 -agonist-mediated receptor activation (applying also to 'non-selective' β-receptor agonists) is based on both smooth muscle relaxation and reduced airway resistance. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • is a commonly used selective β 2 -adrenergic receptor agonist that may be administered either orally or by inhalation. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • When comparing the non-selective adrenergic agonist isoproterenol to albuterol, at doses that produce comparable bronchodilation, albuterol will exhibit substantially less cardiac stimulation. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Selective GluR2 lacking AMPA receptor blocker. (abcam.com)
  • To date, several ligands selective for each mGlu receptor have been synthesized, and pharmacological significances of these ligands have been demonstrated in animal models. (openmedicinalchemistryjournal.com)
  • These drugs are selective serotonin agonists, specifically acting at 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D/1F (5-HT 1B/1D/1F ) receptors on intracranial blood vessels and sensory nerve endings. (medscape.com)
  • A selective agonist for serotonin 5-HT1 receptors, naratriptan has higher bioavailability and a longer half-life than sumatriptan, which may contribute to a lower rate of headache recurrences. (medscape.com)
  • A selective agonist for serotonin 5-HT1 receptors in cranial arteries, zolmitriptan suppresses the inflammation associated with migraine headaches. (medscape.com)
  • A selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist, almotriptan results in cranial vessel constriction, inhibition of neuropeptide release, and reduced pain transmission in trigeminal pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Frovatriptan is a selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist with a long half-life (26-30 h) and a low headache recurrence rate within 24 hours of taking the drug. (medscape.com)
  • SSRIs are selective to the 5-HT system but not specific for the different 5-HT receptors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • P2X3 receptors participate in a variety of pain processes, while the activation of mGluRs has an analgesic effect. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are coupled via Galphaq/11 to the activation of phospholipase Cbeta, which hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids to form inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. (uwo.ca)
  • Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS, including the cortex and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). (jneurosci.org)
  • Excitatory synapses in the brain, which use glutamate as the primary neurotransmitter, represent a crucial target for the action of stress and its mediators. (nature.com)
  • Perturbed homeostasis of the neurotransmitter glutamate is associated with astrocytoma tumor onset and progression, but the factors that govern this phenomenon are less known. (mdpi.com)
  • While glutamate is the brain's most important excitatory neurotransmitter, L-theanine binds to the same brain cell receptors and blocks them to glutamate's effects. (lifeextension.com)
  • Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. (openmedicinalchemistryjournal.com)
  • 2021. Agonists and allosteric modulators promote signaling from different metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 conformations. . (ncbs.res.in)
  • Straightforward pharmacological intervention on different regulatory sites of the glutamate synapse is a possible strategy for bypassing the unmet therapeutic needs posed by traditional drugs based on monoaminergic mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • Pharmacological activity is mediated by the R-form, which exhibits about 100 times more affinity for the β-receptor compared to the S-form. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • It has been considered to increase the synaptic concentration of serotonin and/or norepinephrine by reuptake inhibition, but also appears to work by down regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors and serotonin receptors and desensitization of adenyl cyclase. (cmelist.com)
  • non-glutamatergic binding component LSP2-9166: mixed agonist at mGluR4 and mGluR7 MMPIP: allosteric antagonist/inverse agonist XAP044 ADX71743 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 has been shown to interact with PICK1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu receptors) have emerged as new therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression and anxiety with their regulatory roles in glutamatergic transmissions. (openmedicinalchemistryjournal.com)
  • Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and cortical astrocytes showed striking differences in sensitivity to glutamate and to mGluR agonists, even after several weeks in culture. (jneurosci.org)
  • Mounting evidence suggests that stress, along with the associated hormonal and neurochemical mediators (particularly glucocorticoids), induces changes in glutamate release, transmission and metabolism in cortical and limbic brain areas, thereby influencing cognitive and emotional processing and behaviour. (nature.com)
  • Most recently, research with ampakines , modulators of neurotrophin-regulating AMPA -type glutamate receptors, suggests that designer nootropics will soon deliver sharper intellectual performance even to healthy young adults. (hedweb.com)
  • The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • The G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play key roles in cell Ccell communication. (ebiotrade.com)
  • 2009) Positive selection driving functional divergence of the Venus flytrap modules of class C G protein-coupled receptors. (ebiotrade.com)
  • The surface expression of G protein-coupled receptors is regulated by internalization. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Data show that mGluR agonists, such as TS-032, offer potential as new treatments for schizophrenia. (worldpharmanews.com)
  • 300 μ M for human mGlu 2 , mGlu 3 , mGlu 1 , mGlu 5 , mGlu 4 and mGlu 7 receptors respectively. (tocris.com)
  • Among them, mGlu2/3 receptor agonists have been proven to be effective for treating schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in clinical studies, which may prove utilities of mGlu receptor ligands for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. (openmedicinalchemistryjournal.com)
  • This article reviews recent advances in development of each mGlu receptor ligands and their therapeutic potential. (openmedicinalchemistryjournal.com)
  • mGlu receptors also have several isoforms (mGlu1-mGlu8). (openmedicinalchemistryjournal.com)
  • Group I mGlu receptors include mGlu1 and mGlu5 that are coupled to phospholipase C, while both group II mGlu receptors (mGlu2 and mGlu3) and group III mGlu receptors (mGlu4, mGlu6, mGlu7, and mGlu8) are negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase activity. (openmedicinalchemistryjournal.com)
  • Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additional therapeutic benefits associated with β-adrenergic receptor agonists likely include reduced pulmonary mast cell leukotriene and histamine release, reduced microvascular permeability, phospholipase A 2 inhibition and increased mucociliary activity. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • gamma-DGG is a competitive AMPA receptor blocker. (adooq.com)
  • Org-26576 is a AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator. (adooq.com)
  • PF-4778574 is a potent AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) that has been shown to enhance cognition in animal models. (adooq.com)
  • Excessive glutamate stimulation of brain cells ( excitotoxicity ) is a factor in development of long-term neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, and schizophrenia. (lifeextension.com)
  • Increased pERK1/2 levels corresponded with increased Ca2+ response to T cell receptor stimulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mounting evidence suggests that acute and chronic stress, especially the stress-induced release of glucocorticoids, induces changes in glutamate neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, thereby influencing some aspects of cognitive processing. (nature.com)
  • Figure 3: Stress induces changes in glutamate receptor trafficking and function in the prefrontal cortex. (nature.com)
  • A significant basal level of receptor phosphorylation was observed which was rapidly and transiently increased in response to agonist activation of the receptor. (nih.gov)
  • Pyk2 uncouples metabotropic glutamate receptor G protein signaling but facilitates ERK1/2 activation. (uwo.ca)
  • Tezampanel is an antagonist at the AMPA and kainate families of ionotropic glutamate receptors, with selectivity for the GluR5 subtype of the kainate receptor. (adooq.com)
  • These receptors typically contain five subunits with the cysteine-loop occurring near an N-terminal extracellular domain. (bvsalud.org)
  • For example, administration of drug by aerosol targets β 2 pulmonary receptors, while limiting systemic drug. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Synthetic agonists and TLR9 agonists have progressed to clinical trials, while TLR2, TLR5 and TLR7 agonists have been demonstrated with powerful anti-allergic effects in human and in vivo experiments in animal studies. (toll-likereceptors.com)
  • Figure 1: The tripartite glutamate synapse. (nature.com)
  • When brain chemicals called glutamate and glycine attach to the receptor, a channel opens, allowing positively charged particles (cations) to flow through. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This review discusses the similarities and differences between the morphology of astrocytes and astrocytoma cells, and the role that dysregulation in glutamate and calcium signaling plays in the aberrant morphology of astrocytoma cells. (mdpi.com)
  • Clonal BHK cells permanently transfected with the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 alpha (mGluR1 alpha), which is coupled to phospholipase C, were used to study the phosphorylation state of the receptor. (nih.gov)
  • This agonist effect was found to be dose dependent with a rapid time course and could be abolished by the specific PKC inhibitor Ro318220, suggesting that PKC was responsible for the agonist mediated phosphorylation of the receptor. (nih.gov)
  • For many receptors, a constitutive level of internalization in the absence of agonist has been reported. (bath.ac.uk)
  • The constitutive internalization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1a (mGluR1a) has been described, but in general little attention has been dedicated to this important aspect of receptor regulation. (bath.ac.uk)
  • These potent peptides, which fold into small, highly structured frameworks, largely target ion channels, either voltage- or ligand-gated receptors and transporters in excitable cells. (medscape.com)
  • Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms by which stress and glucocorticoids affect glutamate transmission, including effects on glutamate release, glutamate receptors and glutamate clearance and metabolism. (nature.com)
  • Figure 4: Chronic stress affects glial cells and glutamate metabolism. (nature.com)
  • The interaction of these different receptor systems with intraneuronal signaling and behaviors needs to be studied further. (ecu.edu)
  • We show here, that the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) interacts with both mGluR1 and mGluR5 and is precipitated with both receptors from rat brain. (uwo.ca)
  • Pyk2 overexpression in HEK293 results in attenuated basal and agonist-stimulated inositol phosphate formation in mGluR1 expressing cells and involves a mechanism whereby Pyk2 displaces Galphaq/11 from the receptor. (uwo.ca)
  • Therefore, the anorexigenic effect exerted by the CBD could be the result of a multitarget mechanism, involving the whole endocannabinoid receptor system, particularly in the hypothalamus. (researchgate.net)
  • We studied modulation of glutamate-evoked calcium rises in primary astrocyte cultures using fura-2 ratiometric digital calcium imaging. (jneurosci.org)
  • 2016 ) The Effect of Glutamate Receptor Agonists on Mouse Retinal Astrocyte [Ca(2+)]i. (neurotree.org)
  • Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM7 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, there is now a growing body of evidence to suggest that kiss2 , the paralogous gene for kiss1 , evolved in parallel during vertebrate lineage, and the kiss2 product also activates the GPR54 (kisspeptin receptor) signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • Kisspeptin attracts particular attention, since previous reports have shown that the lack of kisspeptin receptors gene, GPR54 , in both mice and humans, or of the ligand gene ( Kiss1 ) in mice results in reproductive dysfunctions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. (wikipedia.org)
  • These activate insulin receptors in prey, mimicking the effects of insulin and causing prey "insulin shock" with disorientation. (medscape.com)
  • Then, the mechanical removal threshold (MWT) was measured after an intrathecal injection of the TLR4 antagonist (LPS-RS), the TLR4 agonist (LPS-PG) or CASPASE-1 inhibitor (AC-YVAD-CMK ) in CPTP rats. (toll-likereceptors.com)
  • In addition, a high expression of TLR4 favored mechanical hyperalgesia and an inflammatory response, while the intrathic injection of a mixture of Caspase-1 and TLR4 agonist inhibited reversed the reduction of the inhibitor. (toll-likereceptors.com)
  • The type III mGluR agonist l -2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate consistently inhibited 5HT-evoked calcium rises, whereas in a smaller number of cells quisqualate and L-CCG-I showed both inhibitory and additive effects. (jneurosci.org)
  • LY450108 is an alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor potentiator. (adooq.com)
  • Therefore, we investigated whether the application of glutamate receptor agonists could reset the phase of the circadian rhythm of SCN firing activity in vitro. (eurekamag.com)