• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell ). (wikipedia.org)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a type of leukemia where B cells are affected. (differencebetween.net)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a form of leukemia where the B lymphocytes are affected. (differencebetween.net)
  • Preliminary studies show that a vaccine made with leukemia cells may be able to reduce or eliminate the last remaining cancer cells in some chronic myeloid leukemia patients taking the drug Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). (sciencedaily.com)
  • Short Hills, New Jersey - (June 9, 2023) - Humanigen, Inc. (Nasdaq: HGEN) today extended previously reported results by presenting additional, statistically significant hematologic improvements and reductions in inflammatory markers from lenzilumab, its investigational drug, in a Phase 2/3 trial of treatment-naïve participants with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and RAS-pathway mutations. (biospace.com)
  • The presentation, entitled "Lenzilumab and Azacitidine Improve Hematologic Alterations of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia in the PREACH-M Trial," highlighted new data in poster format (P737) at 6:00 pm CEST on June 9, 2023, during the 2023 European Hematology Association congress. (biospace.com)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is cancer of a type of white blood cells called lymphocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The chronic forms of leukemia are rarely seen in children. (texaschildrens.org)
  • The onset of leukemia can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (slow onset). (healthline.com)
  • In chronic leukemia, the disease progresses slowly and early symptoms may be very mild. (healthline.com)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) affects mostly adults. (healthline.com)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is most likely to affect people over age 55. (healthline.com)
  • However, chronic forms of leukemia in children are considered rare. (healthline.com)
  • What's the difference between acute and chronic leukemia? (healthline.com)
  • Chronic leukemia develops slowly, and the symptoms may be mild at first. (healthline.com)
  • The Pharmacy Times ® Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Resource Center is a comprehensive resource for clinical news and expert insights on treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Lisaftoclax is a novel, oral, small-molecule, BCL-2 selective inhibitor being evaluated for treatment of relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • With a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the introduction of novel targeted agents, such as Bruton kinase Inhibitors, the prognosis of high-risk patients has changed dramatically. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Pirtobrutinib is a non-covalent (reversible) BTK inhibitor, demonstrating a 73.3% overall response rate with a median follow-up of 19.4 months among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common human leukemia occurring as indolent or aggressive form. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Leukemia has many forms, but the key diagnosis is determined by whether the disease is acute or chronic. (cancercenter.com)
  • While still serious diseases, some chronic leukemias are treatable, with patients experiencing positive outcomes. (cancercenter.com)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a monoclonal disorder characterized by a progressive proliferation and accumulation of mature yet functionally incompetent lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Peripheral smear from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, small lymphocytic variety. (medscape.com)
  • Leukemia is an umbrella term for cancers affecting the blood-forming cells in the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Such leukemias are cancers of white blood cells, in which genetic mutations trigger overproduction of immature cells, called lymphoblasts. (news-medical.net)
  • The researchers expect that these trials will commence in the near future, because drugs that inhibit the over-activated biological pathway in the leukemia already exist and are widely used to treat other cancers. (news-medical.net)
  • Leukemia can refer to all cancers affecting the white blood cells. (healthline.com)
  • Generally, leukemia refers to cancers of the WBCs. (healthline.com)
  • Leukemia refers to a group of blood cancers that affect your bone marrow, as well as your red and white blood cells. (healthline.com)
  • The findings have been incorporated into clinical trials underway at St. Jude, through the Children's Oncology Group and internationally, that aim to improve cure rates and long-term outcomes for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, medulloblastoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and other childhood cancers. (stjude.org)
  • The Childhood Solid Tumor Network and PROPEL support preclinical research into pediatric solid tumors and blood cancers such as leukemia. (stjude.org)
  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), which were studied in this trial, are aggressive cancers that grow rapidly and represent 30 percent to 40 percent of newly diagnosed lymphomas. (nih.gov)
  • With less than 3% of all newly diagnosed malignancies in adults in the United states, BTCs are rare neoplasms [1] that share a particularly aggressive biological behavior. (researchhunt.com)
  • Natural killer (NK) cell lymphomas/leukemias are highly aggressive lymphoid malignancies, but little is known about their genomic alterations, and thus there is an urgent need for identification and analysis of NK cell lymphomas/leukemias. (elsevierpure.com)
  • are developing the drug to target B-cell malignancies, including various forms of leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. (nih.gov)
  • The acute leukemias are aggressive malignancies that originate in a hematopoietic stem cell and are rapidly fatal without immediate treatment. (hematology.org)
  • In March 2023, I was knocked off the top of the world by the words "stage 3 aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). (lls.org)
  • In the presence of RAS-pathway mutations, GM-CSF contributes to the hyperproliferation of myelocytes in myelodysplastic leukemias such as CMML, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).6,7,8 Therefore, lenzilumab's ability to prevent GM-CSF binding to its receptor may inhibit the hyperproliferation in these conditions. (biospace.com)
  • Aggressive therapy-resistant and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has an extremely poor outcome. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The disease is now considered to be the most curable subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults. (nature.com)
  • Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with the first description as a distinct entity in 1957. (nature.com)
  • Doctors may also refer to it as acute myeloid leukemia , acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, or acute granulocytic leukemia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A study in Nature suggests epitope editing in donor stem cells prior to bone marrow transplants can stave off toxicity when targeting acute myeloid leukemia with immunotherapy. (genomeweb.com)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia symptoms may be vague and resemble other common illnesses. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many immature white blood cells called myeloblasts. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • What are the general symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia? (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • What are the treatments for acute myeloid leukemia? (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), also called granulocytic, myelocytic, myeloblastic, or myeloid leukemia, accounts for most of the remainder of the childhood leukemias. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Leukemia involving myeloid cells is called myeloid or myelogenous leukemia. (healthline.com)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can occur in children and adults. (healthline.com)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is another - though less common - subtype of leukemia in children. (healthline.com)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia is a hematopoietic neoplasm of dismal prognosis that results from the accumulation of immature myeloid blasts in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • We discuss the value of lncRNAs as putative diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets in myeloid leukemias and indicate novel directions in this exciting research field. (frontiersin.org)
  • The aim of this mini-review is to discuss emerging epigenetic roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). (frontiersin.org)
  • Captain Paidar died of an aggressive form of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in 2020. (kaaltv.com)
  • DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A)-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a poor prognosis, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. (frontiersin.org)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common, heterogeneous, and aggressive hematopoietic malignancy, characterized by apparent genetic abnormalities ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In 2014, Alex was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a fast-growing form of cancer of the blood and bone marrow. (rafu.com)
  • Objectives Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is classified in part by recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, often detected by both fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and karyotype. (medscape.com)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults and is characterized by an aggressive clinical course and variable outcome due in part to clinical and biological heterogeneity. (medscape.com)
  • Akin to the normal hematopoietic system, leukemias are sustained by a small number of leukemia stem-like cells (LSC), which can be distinct from the normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) but also exhibit functional characteristics of self-renewal and (abnormal or hindered) differentiation, and are often quiescent ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Currently Aggressive NK-cell leukemia, being a subtype of PTCL, is treated similarly to B-cell lymphomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Improving our ability to treat skin lymphomas requires an understanding of who has a poor prognosis and therefore require appropriately aggressive therapies. (lls.org)
  • We performed an array CGH analysis for 27 NK-cell lymphoma/leukemia cases that were classified into two disease groups based on the World Health Organization Classification (10 aggressive NK-cell leukemia cases and 17 extranodal NK/T-cell [NK/T] lymphomas, nasal type). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our results can be expected to provide further insights into the genetic basis of lymphomagenesis and the clinicopathologic features of NK-cell lymphomas/leukemias. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Aggressive natural killer cell leukaemia/lymphoma: report of four cases and review of the literature. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many AML symptoms occur due to blood cell shortage, as leukemia cells crowd out healthy blood cells and prevent their production. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • When the immature white blood cells, called blasts, begin to crowd out other healthy cells in the bone marrow, the child experiences the symptoms of leukemia (such as fevers, infections, anemia, bone pain, or bleeding). (texaschildrens.org)
  • Leukemia can also cause symptoms in organs that have been infiltrated or affected by the cancer cells. (healthline.com)
  • Acute leukemia develops quickly, and the symptoms are more noticeable. (healthline.com)
  • Moreover, we need to understand what makes aggressive CTCLs so deadly so we can develop novel therapeutic strategies specifically tailored for this dangerous subtype. (lls.org)
  • Hairy cell leukemia is a very rare subtype of CLL. (healthline.com)
  • These findings were consistent with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), FAB M5b subtype. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • If you've been diagnosed with a blood cancer, such as leukemia, lymphoma or multiple myeloma, and have questions about your treatment plan, or if you're interested in a second opinion on your diagnosis, call us or chat online with a member of our team. (cancercenter.com)
  • Aggressive NK-cell leukemia is a disease with an aggressive, systemic proliferation of natural killer cells (NK cells) and a rapidly declining clinical course. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia affects progenitor stem cells in the bone marrow. (differencebetween.net)
  • ALL is leukemia affecting the stem cells of either B or T cells. (differencebetween.net)
  • CMML is a rare, aggressive cancer in which levels of monocytes, blast cells, and pro-monocytes are significantly elevated from normal levels. (biospace.com)
  • It is different than other forms of leukemia because it has eight distinct subtypes, which develop from different types of cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Doctors use this treatment regimen to eliminate leukemia cells and bring blood counts back to normal. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Consolidation chemotherapy can follow induction chemotherapy to treat any remaining leukemia cells that are not visible in the blood or bone marrow. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Researchers have identified a gatekeeper protein that prevents pancreatic cancer cells from transitioning into a particularly aggressive cell type and also found therapies capable of thwarting those cells when the gatekeeper is depleted. (mdanderson.org)
  • Draetta, who is corresponding author of the paper, noted that identifying the subpopulation of aggressive cells and establishing their vulnerability to proteostasis inhibitors allows a match of treatment to specific cell type. (mdanderson.org)
  • Further, Fgfr3 + endosteal stromal cells give rise to aggressive osteosarcoma-like lesions upon loss of p53 tumor suppressor through unregulated self-renewal and aberrant osteogenic fates. (nature.com)
  • Overall, our findings indicate that Fgfr3 + endosteal stem/stromal cells with OCT identities dictate active and aggressive osteogenesis, identifying these cells as an important regulator of long-term bone homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • This initial treatment aims to clear as many leukemia cells as possible in the blood and bone marrow and to induce remission. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It aims to kill any remaining leukemia cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • When a child has leukemia, the bone marrow, for an unknown reason, begins to make abnormal blood cells (usually white blood cells) that do not mature correctly, but continue to reproduce themselves. (texaschildrens.org)
  • With leukemia, these cells do not respond to the signals to stop and reproduce, regardless of space available. (texaschildrens.org)
  • A research team led by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists has discovered details of how the abnormal breakage and rearrangement of chromosomes in white blood cells triggers a particularly aggressive form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). (news-medical.net)
  • And in experiments with mice, Iacobucci also showed that introducing the mutant receptor in blood cells gave rise to leukemia. (news-medical.net)
  • That finding was important because it suggests that treatments for this leukemia targeting this receptor won't just impact a subset of the leukemia cells, allowing others to keep proliferating,' Iacobucci said. (news-medical.net)
  • That patient had not responded significantly to other chemotherapy drugs, but when given ruxolitinib, showed a major drop in leukemia cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Of the potential for aiding clinical trials, co-author Stephen Hunger, M.D., of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, said: 'These findings expand the number of ALL patients who should be amenable to precision medicine therapies that add targeted inhibitors to chemotherapy for ALL patents with specific genetic changes in the leukemia cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells. (healthline.com)
  • In acute leukemia, cancer cells multiply quickly. (healthline.com)
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the white blood cells and is typically well treated with combination chemotherapy, with a remission state after 5 years of 94% in children and 30-40% in adults. (karger.com)
  • The use of base editing to generate universal, off-the-shelf CAR T cells is a promising approach for relapsed leukemia, with potential implications for the future of gene therapy. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Kymriah is a novel cellular immunotherapy that reprograms a patient's own immune system to identify and kill leukemia cells. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Kymriah is manufactured by harvesting the patient's own T-cells using leukapheresis and engineering these cells to attack a specific target on leukemia cells, CD19. (childrensmercy.org)
  • In leukemia, the bone marrow produces mutated cells that spread to the blood, where they grow and crowd out healthy blood cells. (cancercenter.com)
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a highly aggressive pediatric cancer that can affect both B cells and T cells. (lu.se)
  • Leukemia is characterized by the abnormal and uncontrolled expansion of malfunctioning blood cells that crowd out normal cells. (lu.se)
  • Splicing factor mutations are particularly prevalent in MDS, a group of heterogeneous hematological disorders characterized by defective blood stem cells and a high risk of leukemia development. (lu.se)
  • These results may create the possibility for lenzilumab development in myelodysplastic leukemias. (biospace.com)
  • Researchers at Lund University Faculty of Medicine have determined a novel mechanism linking the metabolism of ribonucleic acids, RNA, to the development of leukemia in myelodysplastic syndrome patients, MDS. (lu.se)
  • AML is an aggressive malignancy of the non-lymphoid lineages of the blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • To establish how aggressive the disease is, further chromosome testing is required to determine whether the cancer is myeloblastic and involves neutrophils, eosinophils or basophils, or lymphoblastic involving B or T lymphocytes. (karger.com)
  • Historically, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was considered to be one of the most fatal forms of acute leukemia with poor outcomes before the introduction of the vitamin A derivative all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA). (nature.com)
  • However, of the forms of acute leukemia that affect adults, AML currently has the shortest length of survival. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • As with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the successful management of patients with AML requires a therapeutic strategy determined by careful assessment of individual prognosis, aggressive supportive therapy, and early recognition and treatment of complications. (hematology.org)
  • Phase III Study of VCAP-AMP-VECP vs. Biweekly CHOP in Aggressive Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (ATLL): Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study, JCOG9801. (knowcancer.com)
  • The recurrent regions characteristic of the aggressive NK-cell leukemia group compared with those of the extranodal NK/T lymphoma, nasal-type group, were gain of 1q and loss of 7p15.1-p22.3 and 17p13.1. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is the most aggressive monoclonal gammopathy. (nih.gov)
  • Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell neoplasm that follows a heterogeneous clinical course. (lu.se)
  • Emergence of LSC is dependent on individual or combined genetic mutations that broadly determine the cellular affiliation of the leukemia, and permit or impose ectopic self-renewal and a restricted differentiation potential into what constitutes the proliferative bulk of the leukemia ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Specifically, we focused on understanding the disease mechanisms and studied two of the most common chromosomal translocations, or genetic mutations, that lead to pediatric leukemia. (lu.se)
  • Some of these mutations, such as (mixed-lineage leukemia) MLL fusions, are highly aggressive and can generate leukemia very quickly. (lu.se)
  • Urgent administration of ATRA should be initiated with aggressive supportive measures including blood product support with platelets and cryoprecipitate while the genetic diagnosis is rapidly established. (nature.com)
  • The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society® (LLS) is a global leader in the fight against blood cancer. (lls.org)
  • It is an aggressive cancer, so it requires immediate treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Inhibiting proteostasis in combination with standard of care chemotherapy was highly effective in killing these most aggressive subpopulations of pancreatic cancer," Genovese said. (mdanderson.org)
  • Additionally, my cancer was spreading rapidly, and I needed aggressive treatment. (lls.org)
  • Children who get chemotherapy to treat some types of cancer have an increased risk of developing leukemia later on. (texaschildrens.org)
  • The discoveries of the malfunction underlying the type called 'Ph-like ALL' will aid in designing treatments for the leukemia, researchers said, and also offer useful lessons for investigators studying similar leukemias and other types of cancer. (news-medical.net)
  • In fact, the American Cancer Society (ACS) says that about 1 in 3 cases of cancer in children are leukemia. (healthline.com)
  • While leukemia remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death in children, treatment advances have increased the overall survival rates. (healthline.com)
  • Leukemia is the 11th-most common cancer diagnosed in the United States. (cancercenter.com)
  • While survival rates of pediatric cancer have increased over the years to an 80% survival rate in most cases and 90% for some forms of leukemia, the treatments are still quite toxic. (lu.se)
  • The trials include SJMB12, an international clinical trial for young people with medulloblastoma, TOTAL XVII for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and others. (stjude.org)
  • Clinical Pharmacology of Tisagenlecleucel in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. (childrensmercy.org)
  • With a passion for scientific discovery with clinical impact, Mohamed has dedicated the last four years to unraveling the mysteries as to why some children develop pediatric leukemia and others don't. (lu.se)
  • His research shed light on the mechanisms that prevent and suppress leukemia initiation, paving the way for more effective and targeted treatments. (lu.se)
  • Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) causes a highly contagious and potentially fatal retroviral infection that weakens a cat's immune system, making her susceptible to illness and secondary infection. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Feline leukemia is a very common disease. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Cats with feline leukemia do not always appear sick! (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Most veterinarians include a screen for feline leukemia as part of the routine tests a cat gets during her lifetime. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Can a Cat with Feline Leukemia Live With Other Cats? (catster.com)
  • Feline leukemia, or FeLV, is a virus that is the second leading cause of death in cats. (catster.com)
  • Or maybe you are looking into adopting a cat with feline leukemia to give it a good home. (catster.com)
  • How Contagious is Feline Leukemia? (catster.com)
  • Feline leukemia is not considered a highly contagious virus, according to VCA Hospitals. (catster.com)
  • There's no doubt that feline leukemia is contagious and is spread primarily through a cat's saliva and blood. (catster.com)
  • Usually, cats who contract feline leukemia get it from fighting or grooming with another cat. (catster.com)
  • Because cats get the virus with close contact with other cats, indoor cats that are the only cats in the home are the least likely to get feline leukemia. (catster.com)
  • Any surface, including clothing, will not transmit feline leukemia to other cats. (catster.com)
  • Because the virus can be contracted through saliva, it's possible to transmit feline leukemia through shared water or food bowls. (catster.com)
  • What Are the First Signs of Feline Leukemia? (catster.com)
  • Cats who become infected with feline leukemia may show no signs at first. (catster.com)
  • Other conditions can arise when an aggressive form of feline leukemia is present. (catster.com)
  • Once there, the vet will give your cat one or possibly more tests to rule out feline leukemia. (catster.com)
  • The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test is the most common test for feline leukemia. (catster.com)
  • With Prof. Eva Hellström-Lindberg's group at the Karolinska Institute, Maciej Cieśla and coworkers discovered dynamic regulation of SF3B1 levels during the malignant transformation from MDS to leukemia. (lu.se)
  • The DNMT3A mutation can cause significant changes in epigenetic modifications and is one of the essential regulatory factors for the occurrence and development of leukemia ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, we hypothesized that there may be a protein that acts as a tumor inhibitor during these early stages of life, preventing the development of leukemia. (lu.se)
  • My research has focused on pediatric leukemia and its mechanisms of initiation and suppression. (lu.se)
  • Genomic analysis revealed the details of four distinctly different chromosomal rearrangements in the leukemia. (news-medical.net)
  • Importantly, Iacobucci and collaborators found the chromosomal alterations arise early in the development of the leukemia and persist as the disease progresses. (news-medical.net)
  • Describe the unique features of acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML M3), including the morphologic appearance of the promyelocyte, hemorrhagic complications, chromosomal abnormality, and treatment with induction therapy and all trans retinoic acid. (hematology.org)
  • It will be important to attend follow-up exams to check for a recurrence of leukemia and any possible treatment side effects. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • If several years have gone by since treatment completion, and there are no signs of leukemia, it is unlikely that AML will return. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, despite its rarity, infant leukemia tends to be more aggressive, and requires intense treatment. (healthline.com)
  • Ponatinib could be the first targeted treatment approved in the United States for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Elec was diagnosed with leukemia at age 8 and was told he needed aggressive treatment. (ktvu.com)
  • In August of 2017, tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) was approved for the treatment of children and adolescents with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who have relapsed or not responded to chemotherapy. (childrensmercy.org)
  • The overall remission rate was 81%, with 50% of patients remaining leukemia free 1 year after treatment. (childrensmercy.org)