AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
Visceral AfferentsNeurons, AfferentAfferent PathwaysVisceraSolitary NucleusAbdomenNeuronsCatsNerve FibersNodose GanglionExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsIschemiaGanglia, SpinalMotor NeuronsCapsaicinAction PotentialsMechanoreceptorsVagus NerveSensory Receptor CellsPhysical StimulationNociceptorsElectric StimulationSensory System AgentsTRPV Cation ChannelsNerve Fibers, UnmyelinatedRats, Sprague-DawleySpinal CordElectrophysiologyCalcitonin Gene-Related PeptidePatch-Clamp TechniquesNeurons, EfferentAxonsReflexSynapsesMuscle SpindlesVestibular NerveSubstance PSynaptic TransmissionTrigeminal GanglionEvoked PotentialsMembrane PotentialsNeural ConductionLateral Line SystemNeural InhibitionTetrodotoxinTrigeminal NerveHyperalgesiaStilbamidinesCholecystokininSkinRats, WistarVesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2ImmunohistochemistryBrain StemInterneuronsDopaminergic NeuronsPosterior Horn CellsMedulla OblongataTrigeminal NucleiReceptors, Purinergic P2X3Cells, CulturedHindlimbDura MaterNerve Tissue ProteinsDendritesPain
Primary afferentCranialNeuronsAutonomicPeripheralModulationResponsesNucleusDorsal hornHyperalgesiaSensoryMucosalPain
Primary afferent5
  • We also examined the neurochemical identity of 5-HT 1D -IR neurons with markers of primary afferent nociceptors, peripherin, isolectin B4, and substance P, and markers of myelinated afferents, N52 and SSEA3. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our results demonstrate that the amplitude of spontaneous miniature and evoked EPSCs in nTS neurons is significantly increased in Mecp2 -null mice and, accordingly, that mutant cells are more likely than wild- type cells to fire action potentials in response to primary afferent stimulation. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, this synaptopathy is associated with decreased BDNF availability in the primary afferent pathway and can be rescued by application of exogenous BDNF. (jneurosci.org)
  • Therefore, we hypothesized that nTS neurons in Mecp2 -null mice would exhibit exaggerated responses to primary afferent stimulation due to loss of this BDNF-dependent modulation. (jneurosci.org)
  • The ENS forms a complete sensory-motor reflex composed of intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs), interneurons, and motor neurons. (encyclopedia.pub)
Cranial2
  • One possible explanation for this difference is that 5-HT 1D receptors are preferentially expressed by cranial afferents of the trigeminal system. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cranial visceral afferents, which innervate the heart and lungs, synapse centrally onto neurons within the medial portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). (silverchair.com)
Neurons3
  • We observed a striking similarity in the size, distribution, and neurochemical identity of 5-HT 1D -IR neurons in TRG and lumbar DRG afferents. (jneurosci.org)
  • Furthermore, the vast majority of 5-HT 1D -IR neurons are unmyelinated peptidergic afferents that distribute peripherally, including the dura, cornea, and the sciatic nerve. (jneurosci.org)
  • The present study demonstrates that nTS relay neurons in Mecp2 -null mice exhibit significantly larger EPSCs, and are more likely to fire action potentials in response to afferent stimulation, than in wild-type controls. (jneurosci.org)
Autonomic1
  • To approach these issues, we analyzed synaptic function in the brainstem nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS), the principal site for integration of primary visceral afferent inputs to central autonomic pathways and a region in which we found markedly reduced levels of BDNF in Mecp2 mutants. (jneurosci.org)
Peripheral2
  • Peripheral administration of nerve growth factor in the adult rat produces a thermal hyperalgesia that requires the presence of sympathetic post-ganglionic neurones. (2medicalcare.com)
  • We compared the distribution of 5-HT 1D receptor-immunoreactive (5-HT 1D -IR) peripheral afferents within the trigeminal ganglion (TRG) and lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the rat. (jneurosci.org)
Modulation1
  • Isoflurane modulation of afferent to NTS synaptic communication may underlie compromised cardiorespiratory reflex function. (silverchair.com)
Responses1
  • Proceeding in an ascending pathway, the second control step occurs in the prevertebral ganglia, which mediates visceral reflex responses [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Nucleus1
  • The afferent fibers of the VN arrive at the nucleus of the tractus solitaries, whose fibers ascend towards the thalamus. (encyclopedia.pub)
Dorsal horn2
  • 5, 6 It is possible that altered visceral perception arises from hyperexcitability of dorsal horn neurones in the central limb of the visceral afferent system. (bmj.com)
  • An afferent barrage in nociceptive C-fibers leads to the activation of neurons and glia in superficial spinal dorsal horn. (jneurosci.org)
Hyperalgesia2
Sensory3
  • Human and animal studies support the concept that inflammation may perturb gastrointestinal reflexes and activate the visceral sensory system even when the inflammatory response is minimal and confined to the mucosa. (bmj.com)
  • Accepted mechanisms involve psychosocial factors, abnormal gastrointestinal motility, and disturbed visceral sensory perception, but the underlying cause of the pathophysiological changes remains unclear. (bmj.com)
  • Principal sensory trigeminal and valvular afferents exhibited a clear contralateral preponderance, while afferents from the nucleus Ruber were predominantly ipsilateral. (brainmaps.org)
Mucosal1
  • Among the sensitising factors acting on nerve terminals at the peripheral level, altered interaction between the mucosal immune system and the afferent nerve terminals which project to the intestine is now receiving increasing attention. (bmj.com)
Pain1
  • 2- 4 Visceral hypersensitivity is thought to play a pivotal role in the intestinal motor abnormalities and abdominal pain or discomfort described by a large proportion of patients with IBS. (bmj.com)