Grouting is necessary to develop flexural tensile stress normal to the bed joints, which is resisted through unit-mortar bond for traditional masonry construction. (ncma.org)
Flexural tensile stresses due to out-of-plane bending are resisted by the grout cores. (ncma.org)
The are installed to support these roadways, at an installed cost of more movements cause tensile forces in the bolt, usually combined with bending stresses. (cdc.gov)
Resistance3
Grout cores also interlace units placed in running bond and thus provide resistance to in-plane shear forces beyond that provided by friction developed along horizontal joints. (ncma.org)
The interaction between shear rate and stress affects the resistance of the lava to flow. (massimopigliucci.blog)
Generally this movement is induced either because the stresses in the slope are altered, perhaps by increasing shear stress or decreasing the effective normal stress , or by reducing the resistance to the movement perhaps by decreasing the shear strength of the materials within the landslide. (en-academic.com)
Friction3
At low shear rates and stresses, lava tends to have higher viscosities because the slower movement allows for the reformation of atomic bonds and increased internal friction. (massimopigliucci.blog)
In contrast, at high shear rates and stresses, the lava experiences a decrease in viscosity due to the breaking of atomic bonds and reduced internal friction. (massimopigliucci.blog)
The strength reduction method (SRM) was used at each step wherein the friction angle of the basal shear zone was reduced slightly below the calibrated value for existing conditions to initiate movement in the model, i.e., achieve a serviceability limit state (SLS) with a FoS against sliding of just under 1.0. (nxtbook.com)
Weakest1
In a second step, the algorithm will be applied to study the shear stress necessary to induce layer shearing in 2D COFs and identify the weakest directions along which this shearing motion can be induced. (ugent.be)
Slope2
Design Methodology Detailed 2D and 3D numerical time-step modelling of the slope movements and soil-structure interaction was used to predict stresses on the structural elements throughout construction, and to define time restrictions for the construction contracts. (nxtbook.com)
A combination of limit-equilibrium, finite difference and finite element methods were used for both the geotechnical analyses of the slope movements, upslope anchor stresses and the soil loads on the pile wall, and for the structural design of the pile wall components. (nxtbook.com)
Loads1
Interlocking units placed in running bond resist flexural and shear stresses resulting from out-of-plane loads as a result of the keying action: (a) at the top of a web with the recess in the web of the unit above, (b) at two levels of bearing surface along each face shell at the bed joint, and (c) between adjacent blocks along the head joint. (ncma.org)
Horizontal2
Results from the numerical modeling indicate that roof displacement more than doubles as the vertical stress increases from 10 MPa (1450 psi) to 19 MPa (2750 psi) when the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses were 41 MPa (5950 psi) and 22 MPa (3190 psi), respectively. (cdc.gov)
Approximately 80 million roof bolts dilation of a roof layer buckled by horizontal stress (figure 1). (cdc.gov)
Proven2
It has been proven that shear induced melt variations cause both cavity to cavity and intra-cavity filling imbalances. (4spe.org)
While it is already possible to investigate the response of nanoporous materials upon hydrostatic pressures, the performance of the algorithm to predict the response of these materials upon more general stresses such as shear stresses has not yet been proven. (ugent.be)
Predict1
The development of a reliable protocol to predict the response of 2D COFs on more general stresses would therefore enable the in silico screening of stacking in 2D COFs, paving the way for their use in several industrial applications. (ugent.be)
Increases1
Vertical axial compressive stress, applied via the tendons, increases flexural and shear capacity. (ncma.org)
Strength4
For unreinforced construction as shown in Figure 2a, grouting provides flexural and shear strength to a wall system. (ncma.org)
For a steel pipeline, AWWA recommends a design stress at working pressure of 50% of the minimum specified yield strength of the steel. (steelpipesfactory.com)
The design therefore required a pile solution that would exhibit considerable early shear strength and be tolerant of displacement until the tie-back anchors could be installed, tested and locked-off. (nxtbook.com)
The UM Durability module combines the stress time history information generated during series of numerical experiments in UM and the material fatigue strength characteristics to generate the predicted life distribution in the part. (universalmechanism.com)
Wall4
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of stent design on wall shear stress (WSS), time average WSS, and WSS gradient (WSSG), in idealized stent geometries using computational fluid dynamics. (researchgate.net)
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the influence of flow driven shear stress on the viability of cultured cells inside the luminal wall of a serpentine network. (mdpi.com)
Experimental analysis of the serpentine model was performed on the basis of a desirable inlet flow boundary condition for which the most homogeneously distributed wall shear stress had been obtained from numerical study. (mdpi.com)
The stools also Pile wall details incorporated a steel pipe shear stub that was inserted into the hole that was cored through the concrete pile for the tie-back anchor. (nxtbook.com)
Failure2
That acts as a 'stress raiser' and joint failure. (cupalloys.co.uk)
Also, an asymmetric failure propagation pattern could be obtained depending on an interaction between the W/H ratio, seam dip, in situ stresses, and pillar geometry. (cdc.gov)
Force2
Shear rate is the rate at which adjacent layers of lava move relative to each other, while shear stress is the force per unit area acting parallel to the direction of flow. (massimopigliucci.blog)
The shear stub directly transferred the vertical component of the anchor testing and stressing force to the concrete pile shaft. (nxtbook.com)
High3
Typical silver solder joint strengths in shear can be as high as 135,000 psi dependent on the joint gap and irrespective of the parent materials. (cupalloys.co.uk)
Explosive eruptions, on the other hand, involve rapid magma ascent and high shear rates and stresses, resulting in lower viscosities. (massimopigliucci.blog)
The high sheared outer laminates will follow the inside corner side of a branching runner and the low sheared material will follow along the opposite side of a branching runner. (4spe.org)
Depths1
In this study, FLAC3D models were created to investigate the effect of interburden thickness, the degree of pillar offset between mining levels, and in situ stress conditions on pillar stability at various depths of cover. (cdc.gov)
Forces1
Web plates carry shear forces and bending moments. (uni-lj.si)
Flow1
Comparing different methods of bed shear stress estimates in simple and complex flow fields. (iha.ir)
Design2
Design for punching shear should allow for the effects of moment transfer at the column/slab junction. (concretecentre.com)
For structures, the lateral stability of which do not rely on the frame action between the slab and columns and in which adjacent spans do not differ in length by more than 25%, the design punching shear may be obtained by enhancing V Ed by 1.15 for internal columns, 1.4 for edge columns and 1.5 for corner columns. (concretecentre.com)
Webs1
Vertical alignment of webs ensures a continuous grout column even when the adjacent cell is left ungrouted. (ncma.org)
Alignment1
By choosing building blocks with a particular shape or with large partial charges, resulting in a lock-and-key-like molecular conformation, one could fix the alignment of adjacent layers due to steric hindrance or electronic confinement [7]. (ugent.be)
Study1
A multilayer coextrusion die was used to create polypropylene (PP) / organoclay nanocomposites and to study the stress effects on clay dispersion. (4spe.org)
Materials1
However, to ensure their suitability for these applications, it is essential to limit the extent of shearing between adjacent layers of these 2D COFs so that the materials remain sufficiently stable. (ugent.be)
Material3
Three eye-specific finite element models of the posterior human eye were constructed, including full 3D microstructures of the load-bearing lamina cribrosa (LC) with interspersed laminar neural tissues (NTs), and heterogeneous, anisotropic, hyperelastic material formulations for the surrounding peripapillary sclera and adjacent pia. (eugs.org)
As the interlayer interactions are relatively weak, it is therefore crucial to understand how one can optimize the rigidity of the material to prevent interlayer shearing by tuning the components of these 2D COFs. (ugent.be)
While we will start with calculating the necessary shear stress for existing COFs, it is the aim to investigate how the effect of interlayer shearing can be counteracted by the inclusion of judiciously chosen, alternative building blocks in the material [2]. (ugent.be)
Roof1
To capture a complete picture of the effect of seam dip on pillar stability, the modeled width-to-height (W/H) ratio of the pillars, in situ stress field, and pillars roof/floor interfaces were systematically varied to account for the potential distribution of values for these parameters across the underground stone mines in USA. (cdc.gov)
Control1
The resulting stresses are verified along defined control perimeters around the loaded area. (concretecentre.com)
Analysis1
A computer analysis is presented to determine elastic buckling coeffic-ients for flat rectangular plates subjected to a uniform in-plane patch load centrally disposed on one edge and supported by shear stresses on the adjacent edges. (bl.uk)
System1
To share the soil loading among both the concrete and the composite piles after the tie-back anchors were installed, a steel waler system was installed to link each composite pile with its adjacent two concrete ones. (nxtbook.com)
Movement1
The Each year, about 10,000 miles of underground entries are movement may be vertical sag, shear along a bedding plane, or developed in U.S. coal mines. (cdc.gov)
Result2
Cavity to cavity imbalances have been shown to result from the shear induced melt variations becoming separated in a runner branch. (4spe.org)
Unsupported theories suggest that these imbalances are a result of the local shear at the corner itself. (4spe.org)
Plane2
Distribution of a wheel load through a rail and flange is investigated from recordings made of in-plane vertical stress distribution profiles along the upper edge of a web panel of a short-span model box-girder. (bl.uk)
The solution selected was to use steel shell piles with concrete infill (composite piles), with the steel shell providing initial shear stiffness across the slide plane while the concrete infill cured. (nxtbook.com)
Joint3
This creates a joint in which all stresses are carried in shear or torsion. (cupalloys.co.uk)
A brazed or soldered joint is at its' strongest when operating in shear or torsion. (cupalloys.co.uk)
BS EN 13133 Brazing Practice suggests that the joint length should be 3 - 4x the thickness of the thinner component. (cupalloys.co.uk)
Figure1
Until now, one has to rely on determining the relevant mechanical moduli near equilibrium (see Figure 2), which does not provide all relevant information for the material's resilience against shear stresses which are crucial to induce interlayer shearing. (ugent.be)
Components1
Closely adjacent surfaces' implies a degree of overlap between the components. (cupalloys.co.uk)
Plate1
Reattachment of a two- dimensional incompressible jet to an adjacent flat plate. (iha.ir)
Cells1
In polarized epithelium, adhesion between adjacent cells is mediated by intercellular junctions, namely, tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes [14] . (plos.org)
Area1
Punching shear arises when a concentrated load is applied to a small area of a slab or, most commonly, the reaction of a column against a slab. (concretecentre.com)
Steel1
The steel walers, comprising C380x50 (C15x33.9) channels back-to-back, were then attached to the stools and the tie-back anchors stressed. (nxtbook.com)
Software1
The mode shape displacements and stresses are calculated using the finite element software. (universalmechanism.com)