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Hormones, EctopicResistinAdipose TissueAdipokinesAdiponectinLeptinAdipose Tissue, WhiteAdipocytesNicotinamide PhosphoribosyltransferaseHormonesAdipose Tissue, BrownObesityInsulin ResistanceThyroid HormonesSubcutaneous Fat3T3-L1 CellsFollicle Stimulating HormoneRetinol-Binding Proteins, PlasmaInsulinLuteinizing HormoneReceptors, AdipokineReceptors, AdiponectinMice, ObeseParathyroid HormoneGonadal Steroid HormonesIntra-Abdominal FatReceptors, LeptinGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneRNA, MessengerAdipogenesisAdiposityInflammationBlood GlucoseIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsLipolysisHuman Growth HormoneReceptors, Thyroid HormoneGene Expression RegulationAdrenocorticotropic HormoneLipid MetabolismBody WeightMice, Inbred C57BLBody Mass IndexPituitary HormonesBiological MarkersGlucoseTriiodothyronineLiverThiazolidinedionesDietary FatsCells, CulturedPPAR gammaAngiopoietinsSignal TransductionTriglyceridesDiet, High-FatDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionInterleukin-6Gene Expression
AdiponectinLeptinObesityBrown adiposWhite adiposVisceralInsulinProteinsSecretionAdipocytesSecretoryHomeostasisCoronary arteryRegulateMetabolismInflammatoryInflammationAtherosclerosisRegulatorsGenesAccumulationMiceAdipocyteMetabolic disordersIncreasesCardiovascularImmuneReproductiveContributionCellsMajorPeople
Adiponectin12
Leptin12
  • However, the importance of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ was only fully appreciated in 1995 with the discovery of leptin, the protein product of the Ob gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like leptin, these hormones also affect energy balance and metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • This multiplex assay kit manufactured by LINCO Research, Inc. is to be used for the simultaneous quantification of the following 7 mouse adipokines in any combination: Insulin, Leptin, Resistin, IL-6, TNFα, MCP-1, and PAI-1 (total). (lincoresearch.com)
  • Simultaneously, adipocytes secrete various cytokines including leptin, resistin, TNF-α and IL-6 to regulate the differentiation and function of T and B lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The adipokine leptin may promote the development of AS. (bvsalud.org)
  • 3-5 It has been proposed that adipokines (as IL-6, plasminogen activating factor inhibitor and leptin) may be a link between VAT and endothelial dysfunction. (dovepress.com)
  • 9 , 10 Certainly, leptin-resistance, a condition closely related to hyperleptinemia, is higher in elderly and age-related fat distribution plays a key role in adipokine panel changes. (dovepress.com)
  • Leptin (from Greek λεπτός leptos , 'thin' or 'light' or 'small') is a protein hormone predominantly made by adipose cells and its primary role is likely to regulate long-term energy balance . (cloudfront.net)
  • The amount of circulating leptin correlates with the amount of energy reserves, mainly triglycerides stored in adipose tissue. (cloudfront.net)
  • Predominantly, the 'energy expenditure hormone' leptin is made by adipose cells , and is thus labeled fat cell-specific . (cloudfront.net)
  • The central location of action ( effect ) of the fat cell-specific hormone leptin is the hypothalamus , a part of the brain , which is a part of the central nervous system. (cloudfront.net)
  • The primary function of the hormone leptin is the regulation of adipose tissue mass through central hypothalamus mediated effects on hunger , food energy use, physical exercise and energy balance . (cloudfront.net)
Obesity13
  • These hormones generally influence energy metabolism, which is of great interest to the understanding and treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. (wikipedia.org)
  • We then discuss how obesity leads to insulin resistance via a complex interplay among systemic fatty acid excess, microhypoxia in adipose tissue, ER stress, and inflammation. (jci.org)
  • Obesity is defined as an increase of adipose tissue mass in the body and its accumulation in peripheral organs that leads to metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance and hyperlepidemia [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Resistin is an adipose-derived hormone (similar to a cytokine ) whose physiologic role has been the subject of much controversy regarding its involvement with obesity and type II diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ). (wikidoc.org)
  • This idea primarily stems from studies demonstrating that serum resistin levels increase with obesity in several model systems (humans, rats , and mice ). (wikidoc.org)
  • In accordance, it is expected that, if resistin does indeed serve as a link between obesity and T2DM while at the same time contributing to the inflammatory response, then we should also observe proportional increases in chronic inflammation in association with obesity and insulin resistance. (wikidoc.org)
  • In fact, recent data have shown that this possibility is indeed the case by demonstrating positive correlations between obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation, [21] [22] which is believed to be directed in part by resistin signaling. (wikidoc.org)
  • The current study was aimed at the investigation of the LPL rs328 gene variant association with adipokines and myokines levels, as well as lipid metabolism indices in the blood of children and adolescents of both genders with obesity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, we conclude that the polymorphism rs328 of the lipoprotein lipase gene is accompanied by the changes in hormones, adipokines, and myokines levels in the blood of children and adolescents with obesity in gender-dependent manner. (bvsalud.org)
  • Association of Parental Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus With Circulating Adipokines in Nonobese Nondiabetic Offspring. (umassmed.edu)
  • CONCLUSIONS- Lcn2 is an adipokine with potential importance in insulin resistance associated with obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The worldwide epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes has focused attention on adipocyte biology and the role of adipose tissue in the integration of systemic metabolism ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Exploring Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Secretomes in Human Obesity: Implications for Metabolic Disease. (harvard.edu)
Brown adipos4
  • Another major adipose tissue subtype, brown adipose tissue, is present around kidneys, adrenals, and aorta, as well as within the mediastinum and neck. (123dok.org)
  • In adult humans, brown adipose tissue is very scarce and probably not functional. (123dok.org)
  • It is involved in various metabolic processes, such as acting on white adipose tissue to upregulate brown adipose tissue-specific genes, enhancing PGC-1α expression to increase lipid oxidation, suppressing inflammation in skeletal muscles, inhibiting cardiometabolic risk factors, and suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatoblastoma cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • There are two types of adipose tissue, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which are also known as white fat and brown fat , respectively, and comprise two types of fat cells. (ipfs.io)
White adipos1
  • Particularly well developed in humans is white adipose tissue (WAT), a major meta- bolic and secretory organ. (123dok.org)
Visceral2
  • Besides, a role could be ascribed to molecules secreted by the visceral adipose tissue that can impact on barrier functions. (hindawi.com)
  • Several studies showed a significant association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). (dovepress.com)
Insulin11
Proteins2
  • These adipocyte-derived proteins (adipocytokines/adipokines) play critical roles in body energy homeostasis and metabolism. (lincoresearch.com)
  • In effect, a wide range of exported secretory proteins, dubbed adipokines, have been identified as constituents of the adipose proteome (adipokinome). (123dok.org)
Secretion3
  • The nature of dietary fat determines the extent of metabolic alterations reflected in adipocytes through modifications in the pattern of adipokines secretion and modulation of key genes mRNA expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dietary fatty acids (FA) and their derivatives are described as PPARγ ligands that trigger physiological responses such as adipogenesis and adipokine secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Appreciating the pathogenesis of HFD-induced metabolic disorders requires a thorough knowledge of adipose tissue physiology and the regulation of adipokines secretion and action including the role of gender in response to these parameters. (biomedcentral.com)
Adipocytes3
Secretory1
  • Resistin also known as adipose tissue-specific secretory factor (ADSF) or C/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein (XCP1) is a cysteine -rich adipose-derived peptide hormone that in humans is encoded by the RETN gene . (wikidoc.org)
Homeostasis2
Coronary artery1
  • Adipokines and coronary artery calcification in incident dialysis participants. (harvard.edu)
Regulate4
  • Many reports indicate that adipokines regulate the ovarian follicles' development, the onset of puberty and/or ovulation. (intechopen.com)
  • This chapter summarizes that several adipokines are expressed in the ovary and that they can regulate ovarian physiology such as the steroid hormone production, cell proliferation, apoptosis and oocyte maturation in different domestic animals like pigs, cows, goats, ewes, chickens and turkeys. (intechopen.com)
  • Moreover, orexins have been reported to greatly influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and their secretions to regulate reproductive functions via modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. (researchgate.net)
  • Numerous factors regulate the adipose tissue activity including adipocyte-specific genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARγ) [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolism1
Inflammatory3
  • analyses, as well as others (8-11), support the hypothesis that adipose tissue-secreted factors may indeed be potent modulators of inflammation-related disorders such as obe- sity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid-associated (Graves') ophthalmopathy, breast cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (123dok.org)
  • As cited, it has recently been discovered that resistin also participates in the inflammatory response. (wikidoc.org)
  • In further support of its inflammatory profile, resistin has been shown to increase transcriptional events, leading to an increased expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines including (but not limited to) interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) in an NF-κB -mediated (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells-mediated) fashion. (wikidoc.org)
Inflammation3
  • This chapter provides a state-of-the-science review of adipokine-mediated paracrine signaling that may be implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, and breast cancer. (123dok.org)
  • Finally, we provide arguments for yin-yang (pro- tective vs pathogenic) roles of adipokines in inflammation. (123dok.org)
  • Since that initial discovery, the number of adipocyte-derived signaling molecules has grown ever larger, and the term adipokine was coined to reflect that many of these molecules exert positive or negative actions on inflammation. (diabetesjournals.org)
Atherosclerosis1
  • Relationship between circulating adipokines and cholesterol efflux in subjects with severe carotid atherosclerosis. (harvard.edu)
Regulators1
  • It is therefore important to have knowledge of new regulators/hormones controlling reproduction in domestic animals. (intechopen.com)
Genes1
Accumulation1
  • Resistin accelerates the accumulation of LDL in arteries , increasing the risk of heart disease. (wikidoc.org)
Mice1
  • Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors gamma-2 (PPARγ2) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mRNA expression levels in adipose tissue were decreased up to 70% in HFD-fed mice but were more markedly reduced in male mice as compared with female mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Adipocyte1
  • Analysis of their adipose tissue morphology revealed increases in both adipocyte size and number in most depots. (ipfs.io)
Metabolic disorders1
  • Nrg4 promotes fuel oxidation and a healthy adipokine profile to ameliorate diet-induced metabolic disorders. (umassmed.edu)
Increases1
  • resistin increases the production of LDL in human liver cells and also degrades LDL receptors in the liver . (wikidoc.org)
Cardiovascular1
  • resistin adversely impacts the effects of statins , the main cholesterol-reducing drug used in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. (wikidoc.org)
Immune1
Reproductive1
  • Currently, it is clear that female reproduction is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis, which produces many hormones that control reproductive stages. (intechopen.com)
Contribution1
  • We also point out a possible contribution of adipose tissue-associated mast cell secre- tory activity to the development of these diseases. (123dok.org)
Cells3
  • Recently, the endocrine activity of adipose tissue cells has been intensively studied. (123dok.org)
  • Illustration depicting white adipose cells. (ipfs.io)
  • [3] [4] The variation of body fat distribution resulting from normal growth is influenced by nutritional and hormonal status in dependence on intrinsic differences in cells found in each adipose depot. (ipfs.io)
Major1
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Adipokines" by people in this website by year, and whether "Adipokines" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
People1
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Adipokines" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)