• In molecular biology, the haemolysin expression modulating protein family is a family of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • These proteins act as modulators of bacterial gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • YmoA modulates the expression of various virulence factors, such as Yop proteins and YadA adhesin, in response to temperature. (wikipedia.org)
  • Significant changes in gene expression of proteins that mediate oxidative metabolism, such as cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase-encoding genes, cydA and cydB , were detected. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Finally, genes encoding putative regulatory proteins such as extracellular function (ECF) sigma factors as well as small proteins had elevated expression levels in the presence of oxygen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The observed inhibition of fibronectin binding was confirmed by a reduction in the expression of genes encoding two major fibronectin-binding streptococcal surface proteins, Sof and SfbI. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Toll is a gene in fruit fly and toll-like proteins which was discovered in animals and also was named as TLRs. (hindawi.com)
  • Our in vivo gene expression database reflects well the infection process since genes encoding important virulence factors like cytolysin, gelatinase or aggregation substance as well as stress response proteins, are significantly induced. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Organic Component Organic constituents : polysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, and lipid material Polysaccharides produced by bacteria-Dextran: predominant form Albumin: originating from crevicular fluid Lipid material: debris from the membranes of disrupted bacterial and host cells and possibly food debris. (medicpresents.com)
  • Mutation of praR in Rhizobium leguminosarum enhances root biofilms, improving nodulation competitiveness by increased expression of attachment proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Analysis of gene expression by microarrays and promoter fusions revealed that PraR represses its own transcription and mutation of praR increased expression of several genes including those encoding secreted proteins (the adhesins RapA2, RapB and RapC, two cadherins and the glycanase PlyB), the polysaccharide regulator RosR, and another protein similar to PraR. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, although the abundance of most protein groups reflected that of related bacterial populations, we found a specific independent regulation of bacteria-derived cell envelope proteins. (bmj.com)
  • The gene network of ADHD included 599 genes/proteins and 148,978 interactions, while that of dyslexia included 167 genes/proteins and 27,083 interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When the ANDSystem and GeneCards data were combined, a total of 213 genes/proteins for ADHD and dyslexia were found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genomic characterization predicted specific genomic islands highly associated with virulence, transcriptional regulation, and DNA restriction-modification systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • S. aureus has a vast array of virulence determinants whose expression is modulated by an intricate regulatory network, where transcriptional factors (TFs) are the primary elements. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But the bacterial growth in biofilms requires a varied but coordinated transcriptional, proteomic and metabolomic profile. (microbialcell.com)
  • 2008). Transcriptional regulation by an NAC (NAM-ATAF1,2-CUC2) transcription factor attenuates ABA signalling for efficient basal defence towards Blumeria graminis f. sp. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Attachment of bacteria onto a surface, consequent signaling, and accumulation and growth of the surface-bound bacterial population are key initial steps in the formation of pathogenic biofilms. (bvsalud.org)
  • In biofilms, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase with a major role in exopolysaccharide production and the non-fimbrial adhesin YapH involved BEZ235 in adherence were over-expressed, while a polynucleotide phosphorylase that was demonstrated to negatively control biofilm formation in E. coli was down-regulated. (hdac-inhibitors.com)
  • In natural environmental conditions, marine biofilms consist of multispecies bacterial communities in close proximity, with large metabolite and protein exchange, as well as coordinated lifestyles. (solamonrenewableenergy.com)
  • In this chapter, we describe how to induce biofilm formation by placing the expression of the c-di-GMP-producing diguanylate cyclase PleD from Caulobacter sp. (bvsalud.org)
  • Biofilm formation is an important process in bacterial pathogens and several lines of evidence suggest that in X. a. pv. (hdac-inhibitors.com)
  • Three models of Mtb biofilm formation have been proposed to study the factors regulating biofilm formation, the physiology of the resident bacteria, and the nature of the biomaterial that holds these bacterial masses together. (microbialcell.com)
  • We conclude that relief of PraR-mediated repression determines a lifestyle switch allowing the expression of genes that are important for biofilm formation on roots and the subsequent initiation of infection of legume roots. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, pathogens are likely to make host-specific adaptions by altering gene expression, which necessitates studies in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most relevant human opportunistic bacterial pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accordingly, the specific aims of this application are: 1) In vitro mechanistic studies on virulence gene regulation by tryptophan derivatives. (grantome.com)
  • Finally, we examine the conservation of 135 USA300 TFs amongst 11 other S. aureus strains, identifying a key group of regulators that display a high degree of conservation, including many that have previously been demonstrated to play a role in virulence gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through CpxA, both serotonin and indole decrease expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) in EHEC, which encodes a type three secretion system (T3SS), effectors and an adhesin necessary for EHEC to form lesions on enterocytes leading to intestinal disease. (grantome.com)
  • In addition, metal transport was affected, and while iron-uptake genes such as the genes encoding the haemin uptake locus ( hmu ) were downregulated, expression of manganese transporter genes, such as feoB2 , was elevated in the presence of oxygen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Intragenic recombination among ospC genes is known, but the extent to which recombination extended beyond the ospC locus itself is undefined. (cdc.gov)
  • Although a number of bacteria and viruses have been show to influence serotonin signaling, no study has investigated the effect that serotonin has on bacterial pathogenesis. (grantome.com)
  • 2005). The transcription factor ATAF2 represses the expression of pathogenesis-related genes in Arabidopsis. (geneticsmr.com)
  • All pneumococcal diseases arise from bacterial colonization, and the adaptability of the virulence characteristics enhances pneumococcal persistence in colonization of the host respiratory tract, suggesting that nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae plays a key role in development and transmission of pneumococcal diseases ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This organism produces a diverse array of virulence factors, including toxins, adhesins, colonization and biofilm factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HomB protein contributes to the colonization and persistence of H. pylori , and the presence of homB genes affects the number of bacteria adhering to the host cells. (nature.com)
  • His work in Flagellin tackles topics such as Flagellum which are related to areas like Motility, Bacterial adhesin, GroEL, GroES and Dehydratase. (research.com)
  • Intracellular events, such as blocking of microbial attachment factors such as fimbriae (hairlike structures) and other adhesins (putative receptors), have been observed (Naidu and Bidlack, 1998). (ift.org)
  • Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, adapts to the mammalian hosts by differentially expressing several genes in the BosR and Rrp2-RpoN-RpoS dependent pathways, resulting in a distinct protein profile relative to that seen for survival in the Ixodes spp. (tamu.edu)
  • Taken together, these results suggest that BBA33 interacts with collagenous structures and may function as an adhesin in a process that is required to prevent bacterial clearance. (tamu.edu)
  • Considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration and recently approved by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture for use on fresh beef, ALF can be sprayed onto carcasses to help prevent bacterial contamination during processing or can be applied to a subprimal or finished beef surface prior to final packaging to inhibit bacterial growth and extend shelf life. (ift.org)
  • Given the high number of virulence factors present in these bacteria, and the niche-specific role many of them play during different stages of the infectious process, gene expression must be finely tuned in order to efficiently coordinate their expression, and also continue to preserve energy pools. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes encoding metabolic activities are the second most abundant in vivo induced genes demonstrating that the bacteria are metabolically active and adapt to the special nutrient conditions of the host. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • There are many advantages of studying bacteria in the planktonic cultures such as development of a homogenous population of bacterial cells having similar transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic profile etc. (microbialcell.com)
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility, whole genome sequence analysis, virulence and transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes from one bacteria to another are characterised for blood stream isolated Gram-positive bacteria. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Other studies running in parallel investigate the underlying mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and pathogenicity in clinical infections that include Mollicutes (cell-wall-less bacteria) Gram-negative bacteria (including Legionella pneumophila , Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli ) and UK invasive Gram-positive bacterial infections in adults (including Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus sinensis, Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus cristatus ). (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • In the vaginal tract Candida cells compete with the commensal bacterial microflora (e.g. (boku.ac.at)
  • This family consists of haemolysin expression modulating protein (Hha) from Escherichia coli and its enterobacterial homologues, such as YmoA from Yersinia enterocolitica, and RmoA encoded on the R100 plasmid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hha, along with the chromatin-associated protein H-NS, is involved in the regulation of expression of the toxin alpha-haemolysin in response to osmolarity and temperature. (wikipedia.org)
  • A Toll-like receptor (TLR) is a transmembrane protein encoded by the Toll gene, which is one of cell transmembrane receptors and pathogen pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the innate immune system [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Flavopiridol treatment notably upregulated the protein expression of LC3, Beclin-1 and Atg7 in infected corneas as well as in RAW 264.7 cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)
  • By means of DNA sequencing of a large sample collection of the pathogen from across the United States, we studied the gene for the bacterium's highly diverse OspC protein, protective immunity against which develops in animals. (cdc.gov)
  • The annotation of the full genome sequence revealed the absence of genes encoding for a non-flagellar type 3 protein secretion system (NF-T3SS). (assignster.com)
  • Here we explore the feasibility of extracting bacterial protein signals relevant to CD, by interrogating myriads of intestinal bacterial proteomes from a small number of patients and healthy controls. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions This study provides the first evidence that quantifiable bacterial protein signals are associated with CD, which can have a profound impact on future molecular diagnosis. (bmj.com)
  • In brief, traditional GWAS methods can be used to identify large numbers of common genetic variants, usually single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), to determine the genetic basis of bacterial phenotypes of interest. (cdc.gov)
  • These complex interactions may benefit or harm the interacting bacterial groups and aid the bacterial consortia in maintaining ecological equilibrium. (solamonrenewableenergy.com)
  • For example, resident bacterial communities establish either cooperative (beneficial) or competitive (harmful) interactions, which affect biofilm succession, biomass, and resistance to stress. (solamonrenewableenergy.com)
  • This is a gene that confers resistance to a certain antibiotic or toxin, which helps in identifying and selecting the cells that contain the plasmid. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Furthermore, the C. difficile toxin genes (tcdA and tcdB) and their regulators (tcdR and tcdC) are direct CcpA targets. (studyres.com)
  • Copy number - the copy number refers to the number of copies of plasmid present in the bacterial cell. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • A comparison of the TF repertoire of S. aureus against 1209 sequenced bacterial genomes was carried out allowing us to identify a core set of orthologous TFs for the Staphylococacceae , and also allowing us to assign potential functions to previously uncharacterized TFs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Even though diverse strains of S. aureus have been extensively studied, and subjected to genome sequencing, the function of a large proportion of their genes remains unidentified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is recognized that the success of S. aureus depends not only on its virulence genes and development of antibiotic resistance, but also on a coordinated and timely expression of genes upon infection of its host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was to compare the in vivo expression of virulence and metabolic genes of S. aureus in a prosthetic joint infection in a human subject with growth in vitro as reference using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differential gene expression analysis indicated that this isolate formed excessive biofilm by reducing flagellar formation (7.4 to 1,624.1 folds) and overproducing extracellular matrix components including CdrA (4.4 folds), alginate (5.2 to 29.1 folds) and Pel (4.8-5.5 folds). (frontiersin.org)
  • The CcpA regulon comprises genes involved in sugar uptake, fermentation and amino acids metabolism, confirming the role of CcpA as a link between carbon and nitrogen pathways. (studyres.com)
  • Upregulation of fermentation genes and the presence of ethanol in joint fluid indicated severe oxygen limitation in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that the distributions and frequencies of types of OspC genes differed between populations of B. burgdorferi in the Northeast, the Midwest, and California. (cdc.gov)
  • The bacterially produced tryptophan derivative indole is known to influence intestinal barrier function, and has also been shown to regulate virulence gene expression in EHEC. (grantome.com)
  • Disruption of the microbiome leads to changes in intestinal barrier function, which could lead to bacterial translocation and result in chronic inflammation. (metabiom.org)
  • Results Our 2D-DIGE-based discovery approach revealed an imbalance of intestinal bacterial functions in CD. (bmj.com)
  • The regulatory pattern of catabolic pathway genes indicated that the bacterial infection was sustained on amino acids, glycans and nucleosides. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression and functional characterization of various chaperon-usher fimbriae, Curli fimbriae, and Type 4 Pili of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Sakai. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • The expression of genes encoding formate uptake transporter (PG0209) and formate tetrahydrofolate ligase ( fhs ) was drastically elevated, which indicates that formate metabolism plays a major role under aerobic conditions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Both serotonin and indole inhibit CpxA's autophosphorylation, consequently decreasing the expression of its targets. (grantome.com)
  • The approach is based on ten criteria for ranking genes by their importance, including relevance scores of association between disease and genes, standard methods of gene prioritization, as well as original criteria that take into account the characteristics of an associative gene network and the presence of known polymorphisms in the analyzed genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are not part of the main chromosome of the cell, but they can replicate independently and carry genes that may confer some advantages to the host organism. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Also, genes encoding gingipain protease secretion/maturation regulator ( porR ) and protease transporter ( porT ) had reduced expression in the presence of oxygen, which also correlated with reduced protease activities under aerobic conditions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Assuming an acute infection [ 7 ], we chose to compare gene expression of the in vivo sample with the isolate in an exponential growth phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Strongly in vivo induced genes should be important for the infection process. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Interferons (IFNs) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) are the major players in the host innate immunity against viral infection. (x-mol.com)
  • Over time, OspC genes were transferred between strains through recombinations involving the whole or parts of the gene and one or both flanks. (cdc.gov)
  • Due to expanding collaborations within AWARRe the Spiller Laboratory also takes an active role in collaborative research on emerging AMR-mediating genes (such as mcr-1, NDM-5, etc) in vitro and in vivo . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Plasmids have been widely used in biotechnology and genetic engineering, as they can be manipulated to introduce, modify, or delete specific genes in the host cell. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Epigenetic analysis revealed a specific N 6 -methyl adenine (m 6 A) methylating pattern including methylation of alginate, flagellar and quorum sensing associated genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Microarray analysis revealed alteration in gene expression in the presence of 6 % oxygen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • 1997). Genes involved in organ separation in Arabidopsis: an analysis of the cup-shaped cotyledon mutant. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Intriguingly, quantitative PCR analysis of 3HC-treated C. albicans biofilm revealed significant downregulation of virulence genes (hst7, ume6, efg1, cph1, ras1, als1) associated with adhesion and morphogenesis. (solamonrenewableenergy.com)
  • In parallel, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing for an integrated analysis of gut ecosystem structure and functions. (bmj.com)
  • Using the ANDSystem tool, the reconstruction and analysis of gene networks associated with ADHD and dyslexia was carried out. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The application of methods of reconstruction and analysis of gene networks is a powerful tool for studying the molecular mechanisms of comorbid conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He performed some of the first studies to identify transcription factors that regulate the gene expression and differentiation of eosinophils, which are known to play a major role in allergic and asthmatic responses. (ubc.ca)
  • Currently, the Spiller Laboratory is leading collaborative investigations (funded by Ineos Oxford Institute) of all Gram-positive bacterial infections in neonatal sepsis originating from Low-to-Middle income countries (LMIC) as part of BARNARDS phase II (Burden of Antibiotic Resistance in Neonates from Developing Societies). (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Changing of external physical parameters such as high temperature or osmotic stress elicit immediate activation of signaling pathways leading to changes of enzyme activities and also large scale changes of gene expression patterns. (boku.ac.at)
  • In conclusion, HD-13 may activate MAPK and NF- κ B pathways via accelerating TLR9 expression, thereby accelerating the inflammatory response in the progression of swine pneumonia. (hindawi.com)
  • PraR bound to the promoters of several of these genes indicating direct repression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, it was revealed that the most relevant genes are involved in biological processes related to signal transduction, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters, chemical synaptic transmission, response to drugs, ion transmembrane transport, nervous system development, cell adhesion, and neuron migration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through gene knockout studies he has shown that these molecules act as a type of molecular "Teflon" to make cells more mobile and invasive and also facilitate chemotaxis. (ubc.ca)
  • As such, the search for candidate genes related to the comorbid conditions of ADHD and DD can help in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the comorbid condition, and can also be useful for genotyping and identifying new drug targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The laboratory also includes the Cardiff University Bacterial Whole Genome Sequencing facility, that runs collaborative projects with Welsh Gene Park, Public Health Wales (ARGENT project) and the Ineos Oxford Institute. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the expression of genes coding for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) chains following the adherence of Candida and Malassezia yeasts to skin cell lines. (actasdermo.org)
  • To reach this degree of directed regulation through light, the switch based on the cyanobacterial two-component system CcaSR system was previously adapted to manipulate Pseudomonas putida for transcription of a gene of interest. (bvsalud.org)
  • Your second year builds on this knowledge and covers areas such as gene regulation, cell biology and metabolism. (kent.ac.uk)
  • For example, cells rapidly adjust their gene expression program according to the internal and external environment. (boku.ac.at)
  • In RAW 264.7 cells, flavopiridol treatment inhibited IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-a expression but promoted IL-10 expression. (researchsquare.com)
  • An approach for ranking genes implicated in the comorbid condition of the two diseases was proposed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to the proposed approach, the genes OPRM1, CHRNA4 and SNCA had the highest priority in the development of comorbidity of these two diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plasmids can also be used to study gene expression and regulation, gene function and interaction, and gene therapy. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Compatibility of plasmids - this refers to the ability of two different plasmids to coexist in the same bacterial cell. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Some plasmids are compatible with each other and can be maintained together in a stable state, while others are incompatible and compete for resources or interfere with each other`s replication or expression. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)
  • The concomitant reduction of expression of a gene encoding the lactate transporter PG1340 suggests decreased utilization of this nutrient. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The MCS is usually located within a lacZ gene, which encodes for β-galactosidase enzyme. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • If a foreign DNA is inserted into the MCS, it disrupts the lacZ gene and prevents the production of β-galactosidase enzyme. (stemcelldaily.com)