A questionnaire was administered to patients to collect demographic data and information on congenital anomalies, previous urinary stone, family history of urolithiasis and dietary habits. (who.int)
Calcium oxalate2
Less frequently, bladder calculi are composed of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, ammonium urate, cysteine, or magnesium ammonium phosphate (when associated with infection). (medscape.com)
The calculus had concentric laminations of calcium oxalate, ammonium magnesium phosphate around a uric acid nucleus. (pediatricurologybook.com)
Exceeded only by urinary tract infe1
They are exceeded only by urinary tract infections and pathologic conditions of the prostate [1]. (who.int)
Urolithiasis2
In young men, urolithiasis, bladder cancer, and strictures are included in the differential diagnoses. (medscape.com)
This study was undertaken to determine urinary stone composition and prevalence of stone formers by age and sex among Iraqi patients, and to assess the contribution made by factors such as genetic traits, residence and dietary habits on the etiology of urolithiasis. (who.int)
Strictures2
1] They are usually associated with urinary stasis but can form in healthy individuals without evidence of anatomic defects, strictures, infections, or foreign bodies. (medscape.com)
The incidence of bladder stones in children is slowly declining, even in endemic areas. (medscape.com)
Aggressive treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms with alpha-blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors should further decrease the overall incidence of bladder stones by improving bladder emptying. (medscape.com)
The incidence of bladder calculi is less in the developed world as compared to the developing world and may be attributed to a diet lacking in animal proteins. (pediatricurologybook.com)
The incidence of bladder calculi in Pakistan has reduced from 70% in 1984 to 18% in 2007 and similarly from Satpura ranges in central India. (pediatricurologybook.com)
Renal5
Other factors to be considered in the differential diagnoses include calculi, vasculitis, renal tuberculosis, and glomerulonephritis. (medscape.com)
However, most renal stones that are small enough to pass through the ureters are also small enough to pass through a normally functioning bladder and an unobstructed urethra. (medscape.com)
Anatomical distribution of urinary stones was 67.4% renal, 12.5% ureteric and 14.6% bladder. (who.int)
67.4% renal, 12.5% ureteric and 14.6% bladder. (who.int)
In laparoscopic treatment for kidney stones, the surgeon makes a small incision in the renal pelvis or the ureter, depending upon the location of the kidney stone.The surgeon then inserts a small laparoscopic device into the urinary tract and looks for the kidney stones. (pristyncare.com)
Infections2
One of the difficulties in diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in males lies in the fact that dysuria, with or without discharge, is the typical chief complaint with urethritis, which is a much more common disease. (medscape.com)
ceeded only by urinary tract infections and A questionnaire was administered to pac pathologic conditions of the prostate [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Endemic4
In the UK, 'stone districts' such as Norfolk, were common during the 19th century, with subsequent decline in the endemic bladder stone incidence with improved nutrition. (pediatricurologybook.com)
10 Still, the Afro-Asian endemic bladder calculi belt continues to be a cause of morbidity from endemic urinary stone disease. (pediatricurologybook.com)
11 The endemic bladder calculi are commonly see in children between 1-5 years, with a peak at 3 years, likely due to weaning period and single cereal diet. (pediatricurologybook.com)
Morbidity1
Historical urinary stone disease literature is fascinating with the morbidity of the disease, the mortality of the surgical attempted cures, and the descriptions of "lithotmus, stein-schnieider, clysters, lithotryptors to crush stone! (pediatricurologybook.com)
Anatomic1
Typical anatomic findings include cystoceles, enteroceles, or findings of previous urethral surgery, all of which contribute to elevated residuals. (medscape.com)
Recurrence1
Traditionally, urethral dilation was employed, but high recurrence rates prompted a shift towards formal urethroplasty. (journalajrru.com)
Urine4
Determining the history of urinary and genital tract symptoms and sexual encounters, combined with laboratory testing of urine and urethral swabs, should allow differentiation of the 2 conditions. (medscape.com)
In 1817, it was pointed out that the alkalinization that attends putrefaction of urine unavoidably results in crystallization of dissolved urinary phosphate [2]. (who.int)
Obstruction occurring in the lower urinary tract can also cause this increased pressure through efflux of urine into the kidney. (abdominalkey.com)
In addition to imaging tests, your doctor may also conduct some blood and urine tests to get a detailed insight into the condition of your kidney stones. (pristyncare.com)
Anatomy1
10 They are more common in males with M:F = 10:1, this may presumably be due to differences in urethral anatomy. (pediatricurologybook.com)
Commonly1
In women, voiding dysfunction and urinary stasis can occur but are less commonly associated with calculi. (medscape.com)
Stones15
Bladder (vesical) calculi are stones or calcified materials that are present in the bladder (or in a bladder substitute that functions as a urinary reservoir). (medscape.com)
The presence of upper urinary tract calculi is not necessarily a predisposition to the formation of bladder stones. (medscape.com)
The bladder is an uncommon site of urinary tract calculi in most Western countries, but bladder stones result in specific symptoms and are a significant source of discomfort. (medscape.com)
Removal of bladder stones will continue to progress toward minimally invasive techniques, thus decreasing hospital stay and recovery times. (medscape.com)
In addition, continued aggressive management of neurogenic bladder, specifically in the pediatric neurogenic bladder population, may lead to a rise in both the incidence of struvite stones and the development of creative and minimally invasive surgical techniques for augmented bladders. (medscape.com)
For patient education resources, see What Are Bladder Stones? (medscape.com)
In older men with bladder stones composed of uric acid, the stone most likely formed in the bladder. (medscape.com)
ABSTRACT Epidemiology and pathogenesis in urinary stones diagnosed in 184 patients were studied. (who.int)
Bacteria were isolated from 19 (24.4%) of 78 urinary stones: 14 were urea splitting and 5 non-urea splitting. (who.int)
Urinary stones are the third most common affliction of the urinary tract. (who.int)
From December 2001 to September 2002, all 184 patients who were diagnosed by the urologist, or paediatrician in the case of children, as having urinary stones were included in this study. (who.int)
Colonel McCarrison noted the endemicity of bladder stones in India and its similarity in the UK. (pediatricurologybook.com)
Informed consent was obtained from all participants, or the Urinary stones are the third most common parents in the case of children. (who.int)
Bacteria1
Bacteria and leukocytes observed on a urethral Gram stain support a diagnosis of epididymitis, although some overlap may be observed between epididymitis, torsion of the spermatic cord, and torsion of a testicular appendage. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis1
This article discusses the diagnosis and current management techniques for vesical calculus disease. (medscape.com)
Patients2
Patients with diabetes and those with recent urinary tract instrumentation, recent hospitalization, or taking broad-spectrum antibiotics have an increased incidence of resistant organisms. (medscape.com)
2, 3] Perhaps surprisingly, patients with uric acid bladder calculi rarely ever have a documented history of gout or hyperuricemia. (medscape.com)
Symptoms1
Scar tissue development within the urethral sub-epithelial tissue led to constriction, causing lower urinary tract symptoms. (journalajrru.com)
Stone7
With rare exceptions, any foreign body that cannot escape the bladder becomes calcified and eventually forms a stone. (medscape.com)
Most vesical calculi formed de novo within the bladder, but some initially may have formed within the kidneys as a dissociated Randall plaque or on a sloughed papilla and subsequently passed into the bladder, where additional deposition of crystals causes the stone to grow. (medscape.com)
The most common factors that promote uric acid stone formations are persistently low urinary pH, dehydration leading to low urinary volume, and high uric acid production. (medscape.com)
Urinary stone disease finds its mention in Ancient Greek texts and recognition by Hippocrates. (pediatricurologybook.com)
The cost of management of urinary stone disease is thought to be over 2 billion dollars in 2010 to over $10 billion annually. (pediatricurologybook.com)
Urinary stone disease may be related to many factors including diet, environment, geographical location, metabolic and genetic factors. (pediatricurologybook.com)
They were identified using standard bioc urinary stone composition and prevalence chemical tests [ 6 ]. (who.int)
Lower1
Hydronephrosis can be caused by obstruction anywhere along the upper or lower urinary tract. (abdominalkey.com)
Kidney1
Obstruction that occurs anywhere along the upper urinary tract will lead to increased pressure within the kidney. (abdominalkey.com)
Children1
One study found 18/54 children with calculi had associated genitourinary anomalies and another found calculi associated with genitourinary anomalies in 35.9% children. (pediatricurologybook.com)
Population1
In addition, failure to consider an obstructing urinary calculus in this patient population results in delay of inpatient consultation with a urologist in the septic elderly patient. (medscape.com)
Cases1
Prompt intervention remains vital for improved outcomes in female urethral stricture cases. (journalajrru.com)
Disease1
in the sexually active male with no urinary tract abnormalities, sexually transmitted disease (STD) - related urethritis predominates, although UTI occasionally may be diagnosed. (medscape.com)