• The hydrogel samples were made by using the freeze‑thawing method, and they were examined using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosity amusement, swelling ratio and keratin release kinetic models that analyzed using (zero-order, first-order Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models). (preprints.org)
  • Keratin (/ˈkɛrətɪn/) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • By analysis of the primary structures of these keratins and other intermediate filament proteins, Hanukoglu and Fuchs suggested a model in which keratins and intermediate filament proteins contain a central ~310 residue domain with four segments in α-helical conformation that are separated by three short linker segments predicted to be in beta-turn conformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Definition of concrete foaming agents: Cement Foaming Agent also known as light A cement foaming agent based on animal protein is made mainly from keratin proteins from the horns. (tatayoung.com)
  • Keratin ( / ˈ k ɛr ə t ɪ n / [1] [2] ) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins . (wikipedia.org)
  • Silk fibroin, considered a β-keratin, can have these two as 75-80% of the total, with 10-15% serine, with the rest having bulky side groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keratin monomers assemble into bundles to form intermediate filaments, which are tough and form strong unmineralized epidermal appendages found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keratins (also described as cytokeratins) are polymers of type I and type II intermediate filaments that have been found only in chordates (vertebrates, amphioxus, urochordates). (wikipedia.org)
  • The critical stress intensity factor was about 4.76 MPa m 1/2 at an intermediate hydration (8% water content), greater than that at 0% water content (3.86 MPa m 1/2 ) and 19% water content (2.56 MPa m 1/2 ). (silverchair.com)
  • The horns of the impala are made of keratin covering a core of bone . (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, increasing consumption, especially in the developing countries, constraints on the natural resources required to produce fibers, and inability to increase the supply proportionate to the demand are expected to make most of the current fibers either too expensive or unavailable for commodity applications. (springerprofessional.de)
  • The baleen plates of filter-feeding whales are also made of keratin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The toughness of their skin can be retained in brine or pickling vinegar. (mkutti.com)
  • Bovine horn is composed of a sheath of keratin overlying a bony core. (silverchair.com)
  • The keratin is derived from the chicken was the primary material on the hydrogels due to attractively for the potential wound healing application. (preprints.org)
  • In addition, sericin also has a certain potential application value in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors. (silksilky.com)
  • The human genome encodes 54 functional keratin genes, located in two clusters on chromosomes 12 and 17. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analysis of teeth from individuals carrying the KRT75(A161T) variant revealed an altered enamel structure and a marked reduction of enamel hardness, suggesting that a functional keratin network is required for the mechanical stability of tooth enamel. (nih.gov)
  • Keratin (/ˈkɛrətɪn/) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fibrous keratin molecules supercoil to form a very stable, left-handed superhelical motif to multimerise, forming filaments consisting of multiple copies of the keratin monomer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keratin is the major structural fibrous protein belonging to the large family of structural proteins to form hair, wool, feathers, nails, and horns of many kinds of animals and has a high concentration of cysteine, 7-20% of the total amino acid residues, that form inter- and intramolecular disulfide bonds. (intechopen.com)
  • Keratin ( / ˈ k ɛr ə t ɪ n / [1] [2] ) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins . (cloudfront.net)
  • The human genome has 54 functional annotated Keratin genes, 28 are in the Keratin type 1 family, and 26 are in the Keratin type 2 family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spider silk is classified as keratin, although production of the protein may have evolved independently of the process in vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The new term corneous beta protein (CBP) has been proposed to avoid confusion with α-keratins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keratins are everywhere, from being the major components of household dust to common contaminants of laboratory protein analysis. (intechopen.com)
  • This loss of cells is due to a decreased proliferation and turnover of keratinocytes, the major cells of the epidermis responsible for the production of keratin-the protein that gives the skin its toughness and physical barrier properties. (neurohacker.com)
  • Keratin monomers assemble into bundles to form intermediate filaments, which are tough and form strong unmineralized epidermal appendages found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keratins (also described as cytokeratins) are polymers of type I and type II intermediate filaments that have been found only in chordates (vertebrates, amphioxus, urochordates). (wikipedia.org)
  • Keratin also protects epithelial cells from damage or stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, mouse thymic epithelial cells react with antibodies for keratin 5, keratin 8, and keratin 14. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we determined that epithelial hair keratins, which are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the sheaths that support the hair shaft, are expressed in the enamel organ and are essential organic components of mature enamel. (nih.gov)
  • The major force that keeps the coiled-coil structure is hydrophobic interactions between apolar residues along the keratins helical segments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent scholarship has shown that sauropsid β-keratins are fundamentally different from α-keratins at a genetic and structural level. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and has a unique combination of hardness and fracture toughness that protects teeth from dental caries, the most common chronic disease worldwide. (nih.gov)
  • The first sequences of keratins were determined by Israel Hanukoglu and Elaine Fuchs (1982, 1983). (wikipedia.org)
  • These sequences revealed that there are two distinct but homologous keratin families, which were named type I and type II keratins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The only other biological matter known to approximate the toughness of keratinized tissue is chitin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The abrupt halt of a bumble bee's flight when it impacts the almost invisible threads of an orb web provides an elegant example of the amazing strength and toughness of spider silk. (biologists.com)
  • Using genetic and intraoral examination data from 386 children and 706 adults, we found that individuals harboring known hair disorder-associated polymorphisms in the gene encoding keratin 75 (KRT75), KRT75(A161T) and KRT75(E337K), are prone to increased dental caries. (nih.gov)
  • If there are known circulatory system challenges, hair may not flourish, even with the addition of hair vitamins. (hairboutique.com)
  • Using the source a bit more to explain what each zone of numbers mean will be helpful, as we currently have no particular examples of a hair keratin. (cloudfront.net)
  • In addition, blocking TET1 in cells taken from people with osteoarthritis also prevented gene changes that help drive the disease. (nih.gov)
  • Keratin wastes are dumped, buried, used for landfilling, or incinerated and all these actions increase the threats of environmental hazards, pollution, negatively influence the public health, and increase greenhouse gases concentration. (intechopen.com)
  • The keratin-degradation ability of keratinophilic microflora has been credited with the production of the microbial keratinase enzyme and biodegradation takes place (enzymatic degradation). (intechopen.com)
  • Alpha-keratin (α-keratin) is a type of keratin found in vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keratin comes in two types, the primitive, softer forms found in all vertebrates and harder, derived forms found only among sauropsids (reptiles and birds). (wikipedia.org)
  • Alpha-keratins (α-keratins) are found in all vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The harder beta-keratins (β-keratins) are found only in the sauropsids, that is all living reptiles and birds. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, beta sheets are also found in α-keratins. (wikipedia.org)