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Acyl Coenzyme AAcylationAcyltransferasesFatty AcidsPhosphatidylcholinesPantetheinePhospholipidsCoenzyme AEstersMolecular StructureLipid BilayersPhosphatidylethanolaminesMembrane LipidsSubstrate SpecificitySterol O-AcyltransferaseMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyDiacylglycerol O-AcyltransferaseMolecular Conformation3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) SynthaseLipid AKineticsChromatography, Thin LayerCalorimetry, Differential ScanningSphingomyelinsStructure-Activity RelationshipMolecular Sequence DataThiolester HydrolasesFatty Acid SynthasesAcyl-Carrier Protein S-MalonyltransferaseFatty Acid Synthase, Type IIPalmitoyl Coenzyme AFatty Acids, UnsaturatedLysophospholipasePolyketide SynthasesEscherichia coliCoenzyme A LigasesAmino Acid Sequence1,2-DipalmitoylphosphatidylcholinePalmitic AcidsDihydroxyacetone PhosphatePhosphatidylglycerolsMass SpectrometryDimyristoylphosphatidylcholineGlycerylphosphorylcholineLipid MetabolismLipidsGlycerophosphatesGalactolipidsLysophosphatidylcholinesModels, MolecularGlycolipidsMembrane FluidityDiglyceridesChromatography, GasLiposomesCholesterolGlycerol-3-Phosphate O-AcyltransferaseTemperatureHydrolysisGlycerophospholipidsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidPhosphatidic AcidsCarbon-Sulfur LigasesRetinol O-Fatty-AcyltransferaseCardiolipinsSpectrophotometry, InfraredCarboxylic Ester HydrolasesMalonyl Coenzyme ABacterial ProteinsEsterificationFatty Acid DesaturasesSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationCarnitineAcholeplasma laidlawii3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) ReductaseOleic AcidsDiphenylhexatriene4-ButyrolactonePlasmalogensCatalysisStereoisomerismModels, ChemicalGlyceridesGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryFatty AlcoholsFluorescence PolarizationBinding SitesMembranes, ArtificialLipaseHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCell MembranePantothenic AcidCholesterol EstersMicrosomesStreptomycesGlucuronatesSequence Homology, Amino AcidWaxesCloning, MolecularCrystallography, X-Ray
ReductaseDehydrogenase deficiencyDeficiencyBind acyl-CoA estersEstersMCADSynthetaseCarrierAcetylOxidaseVersatile reagentsTandem mass spectroCarboxylicBiosynthesisRiboflavin responsiveReactivityBinding proteinSpecificityEnzymesOxidationProteinsDerivativesHydrolaseCytosolicMetabolismMoietyDesaturaseDehydrogenasesACBPMoleculeChloridesChlorideLipidMitochondrialInhibitorsCarbonDomainsVitroCompoundConsistsMedium-chainSubstrateChains
Reductase3
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier Protein) Reductase (NADPH, B-Specific)" by people in this website by year, and whether "Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier Protein) Reductase (NADPH, B-Specific)" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier Protein) Reductase (NADPH, B-Specific)" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • 3-Oxo-acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (FabG) plays a key role in the bacterial fatty acid synthesis II system in pathogenic microorganisms, which has been recognized as a potential drug target. (dundee.ac.uk)
Dehydrogenase deficiency25
Deficiency23
  • Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency is a disorder that causes deterioration of nervous system functions (neurodegeneration) beginning in infancy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Newborns with peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency have weak muscle tone (hypotonia) and seizures. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most babies with peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency learn to walk and begin speaking, but they experience a gradual loss of these skills (developmental regression), usually beginning between the ages of 1 and 3. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most children with peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency do not survive past early childhood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency is a rare disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency is caused by mutations in the ACOX1 gene, which provides instructions for making an enzyme called peroxisomal straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is unclear exactly how VLCFA accumulation leads to the specific features of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Leukodystrophy is likely involved in the development of the neurological abnormalities that occur in peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Risk stratification by residual enzyme activity after newborn screening for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehyrogenase deficiency: data from a cohort study. (medscape.com)
  • In 1983, Gregersen et al demonstrated a medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency in a patient with hypoketotic hypoglycemia. (medscape.com)
  • Very-Long-Chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the ACADVL gene. (myriad.com)
  • All three types of VLCAD deficiency are caused by an error in the production of an enzyme called very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase. (myriad.com)
  • Previous studies using cultured cell lines indicated that underlying this requirement in marine fish was either a deficiency in fatty acyl Δ5 desaturase or C18-20 elongase activity. (stir.ac.uk)
  • A deficiency in the desaturation/elongation pathway was clearly identified at the level of the fatty acyl Δ5 desaturase which was very low, particularly with 20:4n-3 as substrate. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Gillingham MB, Purnell JQ, Jordan J, Stadler D, Haqq AM, Harding CO. Effects of higher dietary protein intake on energy balance and metabolic control in children with long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) or trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Gillingham MB, Scott B, Elliott D, Harding CO. Metabolic control during exercise with and without medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) in children with long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) or trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is one of the most common fatty acid ß-oxidation disorders. (statpearls.com)
  • Describe the pathophysiology of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency. (statpearls.com)
  • Identify common presenting symptoms of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency. (statpearls.com)
  • Summarize the importance of communication and coordination amongst the interprofessional team to enhance the care of patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency. (statpearls.com)
  • Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency (MCADD or MCAD deficiency) is one of the most common mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation disorders and is typically caused by a mutation in the ACADM gene. (statpearls.com)
  • Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder that is primarily caused by a homozygous mutation of 985A→G in the ACADM gene in roughly 80% of clinically symptomatic patients. (statpearls.com)
  • For 60 years, newborn screening has tested for phenylketonuria, congenital hypothyroidism , congenital adrenal hyperplasia, sickle cell disease , cystic fibrosis and medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency. (medscape.com)
Bind acyl-CoA esters3
  • The presence of a conserved acyl-CoA-binding domain in each ACBP enables it to bind acyl-CoA esters. (aocs.org)
  • Recombinant ACBPs have been tested and shown to bind acyl-CoA esters in vitro using binding assays such as the Lipidex assay. (aocs.org)
  • The NcACBP recombinant protein was able to specifically bind acyl-CoA esters in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
Esters4
  • Acyl chlorides have a greater reactivity than other carboxylic acid derivatives like acid anhydrides, esters or amides: Acid chlorides are useful for the preparation of amides, esters, anhydrides. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acyl chlorides are used to prepare acid anhydrides, amides and esters, by reacting acid chlorides with: a salt of a carboxylic acid, an amine, or an alcohol, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given that recombinant Arabidopsis ACBPs show preferences for different acyl-CoA esters and phospholipids in in vitro binding assays, it was hypothesized that members in the Arabidopsis ACBP family have nonoverlapping functions in the plant cell. (aocs.org)
  • Before entering lipid synthesis pathways, different kinds of acyl-CoA transporters which acts as the major carrier of acyl-CoAs, such as fatty acid binding protein (FABP), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), would activate and convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA esters via a reaction catalyzed by fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and transported to various metabolic locations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MCAD2
  • The flavoenzyme medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) eliminates the alpha-proton of the substrate analog, 3-thiaoctanoyl-CoA (3S-C8-CoA), to form a charge-transfer complex with deprotonated 3S-C8-CoA. (rcsb.org)
  • [1] The MCAD enzyme converts medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA into short-chain fatty acyl-CoA and acetyl CoA to provide the body with energy via ketones during times of fasting. (statpearls.com)
Synthetase5
  • In the cytosol, a saturated, straight-chain fatty acid molecule with no double bonds is activated by the action of fatty acyl-CoA synthetase to form its corresponding acyl-CoA. (medscape.com)
  • beta-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase. (brenda-enzymes.org)
  • Early investigations were focused on the 10-kDa ACBPs from mammals and yeast, and from these studies the 10-kDa ACBP has been implicated in biological roles ranging from acyl-CoA transport, maintenance of acyl-CoA pools within the cell and in the protection of acyl-CoAs in the cytosol from enzymes including acyl-CoA hydrolase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and acyl-CoA synthetase [reviewed in 3]. (aocs.org)
  • Acyl-CoA synthetase-4, a new regulator of mTOR and a potential therapeutic target for enhanced estrogen receptor function in receptor-positive and -negative. (oncotarget.com)
  • Although the role of acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) in mediating an aggressive phenotype is well accepted, there is little evidence as to the early steps through which ACSL4 increases tumor growth and progression. (oncotarget.com)
Carrier5
  • 3R)-hydroxymyristol acyl carrier protein. (wikigenes.org)
  • Acyl carrier proteins are critical components of fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis. (rsc.org)
  • Selectivity for the holo over apo -form of acyl carrier proteins is demonstrated indicating that only the phosphopantetheine - thiol is modified. (rsc.org)
  • An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] to trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. (umassmed.edu)
  • The ivy enzyme can also act on oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] and palmitoleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], generating the corresponding 4,9-diene. (expasy.org)
Acetyl6
  • A specific example of an acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, CH3COCl. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus: acetic acid (CH3COOH) → acetyl chloride (CH3COCl) benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) → benzoyl chloride (C6H5COCl) When other functional groups take priority, acyl chlorides are considered prefixes - chlorocarbonyl-: acetic acid (CH3COOH) → (chlorocarbonyl)acetic acid (ClOCCH2COOH) Lacking the ability to form hydrogen bonds, acyl chlorides have lower boiling and melting points than similar carboxylic acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cleavage of the 3-keto compound at the now unstable alpha-beta carbon bond and transfer of another CoA moiety to the new fragment results in 2 products: acetyl-CoA, composed of the carbonyl and original alpha-carbon from the starting molecule, and a new fatty acyl-CoA that is 2 carbons shorter than the original molecule. (medscape.com)
  • Acetyl-CoA, acyl-CoA and CoA concentrations of 33 nmol, 65 nmol and 106 nmol/g wet tissue respectively are found in fresh bovine submandibular glands. (nih.gov)
  • Clear preference towards short, linear acyl-ACPs is shown, with acetyl-ACP the best substrate. (worktribe.com)
  • [2] During these periods of fasting, gluconeogenesis is utilized via medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase to maintain blood glucose levels via the production of ketone bodies as acetyl-CoA accumulates. (statpearls.com)
Oxidase4
  • The peroxisomal straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase enzyme plays a role in the breakdown of certain fat molecules called very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). (medlineplus.gov)
  • ACOX1 gene mutations prevent the peroxisomal straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase enzyme from breaking down VLCFAs efficiently. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase consists of three domains. (embl.de)
  • Catalase, fatty-acyl-coenzyme-A-oxidase (FAO), and total peroxisomal beta oxidation activities were determined. (cdc.gov)
Versatile reagents1
  • RCOCl + C3N3Cl2OH}}} Acyl chloride are reactive, versatile reagents. (wikipedia.org)
Tandem mass spectro2
  • Measurement of tissue acyl-CoAs using flow-injection tandem mass spectrometry: acyl-CoA profiles in short-chain fatty acid oxidation defects. (harvard.edu)
  • Surprisingly, bacteria in the stationary phase produced N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) and another rare lipid we tentatively name as 1-phosphatidyl-2-acyl-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PAGPE) based on tandem mass spectrometry. (nature.com)
Carboxylic4
  • Where the acyl chloride moiety takes priority, acyl chlorides are named by taking the name of the parent carboxylic acid, and substituting -yl chloride for -ic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2 C6H4(COCl)2 + 2 HCl}}} In the laboratory, acyl chlorides are generally prepared by treating carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride (SOCl2). (wikipedia.org)
  • Acyl chlorides hydrolyze, yielding the carboxylic acid: This hydrolysis is usually a nuisance rather than intentional. (wikipedia.org)
  • An in vitro screening model was developed to determine the reactivity of acyl glucuronide metabolites from carboxylic drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
Biosynthesis2
  • The first is a phase of biosynthesis of acyl glucuronides by human liver microsomes (HLM). (aspetjournals.org)
  • FabG catalyzes reduction of a 3-oxo-acyl-ACP intermediate during the elongation cycle of fatty acid biosynthesis. (dundee.ac.uk)
Riboflavin responsive1
  • C6-C10-dicarboxylic aciduria: investigations of a patient with riboflavin responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation defects. (medscape.com)
Reactivity3
  • The second, during which acyl glucuronides are incubated with human serum albumin (HSA), consists of assessing the reactivity of acyl glucuronides toward HSA. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This screening model will also allow the comparison of acyl glucuronide reactivity for related structure compounds. (aspetjournals.org)
  • An introduction to acyl chlorides including a general look at their reactivity. (shout.education)
Binding protein3
  • Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) maintains a pool of fatty acyl-CoA molecules in the cell and plays a role in fatty acid metabolism. (rcsb.org)
  • Lipid synthesis requires bulk carbon skeleton acyl-CoAs, the transport of which depends on the acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
Specificity2
  • The parasite ACBP is shown to have a different ligand-binding pocket, leading to an acyl-CoA binding specificity different from that of bovine ACBP. (rcsb.org)
  • These, together with measured binding-specificity differences, suggest that there is a potential for the design of molecules that might selectively block the acyl-CoA binding site. (rcsb.org)
Enzymes1
  • Sets of 4 enzymes (an acyl dehydrogenase, a hydratase, a hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase, and a lyase) specific for different chain lengths (very long chain, long chain, medium chain, and short chain) are required to catabolize fatty acids completely. (msdmanuals.com)
Oxidation1
  • Entry into the beta-oxidation cycle requires the action of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, the first enzyme in the sequence, which removes electrons from the alpha-carbon and the beta-carbon, introducing a double bond. (medscape.com)
Proteins3
  • The first-order aglycone appearance rate constant and the extent of covalent binding to proteins were assayed during the incubation of acyl glucuronides formed with HSA for 24 h. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In plants cells, lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs) and acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) have been identified as candidates for lipid transfer within the cell [reviewed in 1,2]. (aocs.org)
  • Currently, information on these larger proteins with acyl-CoA-binding domains is available from data mining of sequenced genomes. (aocs.org)
Derivatives2
  • It has a preference for acyl derivatives with carbon chain length from 4 to 16. (umassmed.edu)
  • Thalassotalic acids A-C and thalassotalamides A and B are new N -acyl dehydrotyrosine derivatives produced by Thalassotalea sp. (uri.edu)
Hydrolase1
  • Acyl hydrolase (AH) domains are a common feature of trans-AT PKSs. (worktribe.com)
Cytosolic1
  • Because triglyceride is a relatively inert intracellular metabolite, it is likely that it serves more as a marker for other fatty acid-derived metabolites that actually mediate the insulin resistance, such as cytosolic long-chain acyl-CoA (LCACoA). (diabetesjournals.org)
Metabolism2
  • Impact of short- and medium-chain organic acids, acylcarnitines, and acyl-CoAs on mitochondrial energy metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • The metabolism of O-acyl-N-acylneuraminic acids. (nih.gov)
Moiety2
  • The arrangement between the flavin ring and deprotonated 3S-C8-CoA is consistent with a charge transfer interaction with the negatively charged acyl-chain of 3S-C8-CoA as an electron donor stacking on the pyrimidine moiety of the flavin ring as an electron acceptor. (rcsb.org)
  • In a follow-up study to our reports of N-cinnamoylated chloroquine and quinacrine analogues as promising dual-stage antimalarial leads with high in vitro potency against both blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum and liver-stage Plasmodium berghei, we decided to investigate the effect of replacing the cinnamoyl moiety with other acyl groups. (unl.pt)
Desaturase1
  • The results showed that fatty acyl Δ6 desaturase in SAF-1 cells was highly active and there was substantial C18-20 elongase and C20-22 elongase activities. (stir.ac.uk)
Dehydrogenases3
  • Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
ACBP1
  • The biochemical properties of Plasmodium falciparum ACBP are described together with the 2.0 A resolution crystal structures of a P. falciparum ACBP-acyl-CoA complex and of bovine ACBP in two crystal forms. (rcsb.org)
Molecule2
  • This structure undergoes an acyl substitution with the liberated chloride, forming the acid anhydride and releasing regenerated molecule of DMF. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once inside the mitochondrion, the action of CPT II at the inner surface of the membrane releases free carnitine, which exits to the cytosol and leaves behind the acyl-CoA molecule. (medscape.com)
Chlorides5
  • Acyl chlorides are the most important subset of acyl halides. (wikipedia.org)
  • the reaction is tolerant of a wide variety of acyl chlorides and terminal alkynes and provides a convenient one-pot route to acetylenic ketones. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The reactions of acyl chlorides with water, alcohols and phenols. (shout.education)
  • The reactions of acyl chlorides with ammonia and primary amines. (shout.education)
  • The use of acyl chlorides in substituting an acyl group into a benzene ring. (shout.education)
Chloride1
  • In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound with the functional group −C(=O)Cl. (wikipedia.org)
Lipid1
Mitochondrial1
  • This acyl-CoA is linked to carnitine by the action of CPT I, with simultaneous transport across the mitochondrial membrane barrier. (medscape.com)
Inhibitors4
  • N-Acyl Dehydrotyrosines, Typrosinase Inhibitors from the Marine Bacter" by Robert W. Deering, Jianwei Chen et al. (uri.edu)
  • N-Acyl Dehydrotyrosines, Typrosinase Inhibitors from the Marine Bacteriu, Thalasssotalea sp. (uri.edu)
  • N-Acyl Dehydrotyrosines, Tyrosinase Inhibitors from the Marine Bacterium Thalassotalea PP2-459. (uri.edu)
  • Discovery and structural optimization of a new series of N-acyl-2-aminobenzothiazole as inhibitors of Zika virus. (bvsalud.org)
Carbon2
  • In this paper, we outline an analysis that we believe can provide a quantitative understanding of the k(cat)s of three types of reactions: abstraction of the α-protons from carbon acids, acyl-transfer reactions, and displacement reactions of phosphodiesters. (illinois.edu)
  • Gerlt, JA & Gassman, PG 1993, ' Understanding the rates of certain enzyme-catalyzed reactions: Proton abstraction from carbon acids, acyl-transfer reactions, and displacement reactions of phosphodiesters ', Biochemistry , vol. 32, no. 45, pp. 11943-11952. (illinois.edu)
Domains1
  • These six ACBPs map to four distinct classes based on the presence of other protein domains besides the conserved acyl-CoA-binding domain. (aocs.org)
Vitro1
  • The function of the acyl-CoA-binding domain in recombinant Arabidopsis ACBPs expressed in the bacterium Escherichia coli was established using site-directed mutagenesis followed by in vitro binding assays. (aocs.org)
Compound1
  • Each compound was incubated with HLM at 400 μM and metabolized into acyl glucuronide to different extents, ranging from 5.6% (tolmetin) to 89.4% (diclofenac). (aspetjournals.org)
Consists1
  • ACBP3 lacks both ankyrin repeats and kelch motifs but it is larger (39.3 kDa) than ACBP6 (10.4 kDa), which is the smallest member and consists of only the acyl-CoA-binding domain. (aocs.org)
Medium-chain1
Substrate1
  • This study determines the substrate tolerance of the AH PedC for a range of acyl-ACPs. (worktribe.com)
Chains1
  • They have been hypothesised to perform a proofreading function by removing acyl chains from stalled sites. (worktribe.com)