• Type CChronic Hepatitis Patients who had Autoimmune Phenomenon and Developed Jaundice during Interferon Therapy," Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 38, No. 5, 2003, pp. 493500. (scirp.org)
  • Acute HCV significantly indicate all the general features of Hepatitis C including jaundice , nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and joint pains. (pediaa.com)
  • Acute Hepatitis C is a condition which has all the general features of Hepatitis C including jaundice, nausea, vomiting, fever, dark color urine, abdominal pain and joint pains, and associated with a serological test positive for anti-HCV up to a period of 6 months. (pediaa.com)
  • Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a life-threatening disease that leads to multi-organ failure and high short-term mortality, causing a variety of symptoms including jaundice, coagulopathy, ascites, haemorrhage, cholestasis, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) [ Reference Sarin 1 ]. (cambridge.org)
  • When you have chronic hep C, you may not know you have this condition until you have liver damage that causes symptoms such as abdominal pain or swelling, jaundice, or fatigue. (healthline.com)
  • In prelicensure pivotal registration trials in several thousand patients, varenicline was not associated with cases of jaundice or hepatitis. (nih.gov)
  • Since licensure, rare case reports of serum enzyme elevations without jaundice arising within 4 weeks of starting varenicline have been published, but largely in patients with other causes of liver injury (alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis C). The injury was self-limited in course and not associated with immunoallergic or autoimmune features. (nih.gov)
  • Hepatitis E viral infection causes symptoms and signs, for example, soreness and swelling of the liver (hepatitis) and yellow eyes ( jaundice ). (medicinenet.com)
  • Less common causes are environmental exposures, resulting in either acute or chronic toxic hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Diagnosed as either acute or chronic Hepatitis C with relevant clinical signs and serological investigations, this condition is mainly treated with Antiviral medicines, which is known to be effective in 90% of affected individuals. (pediaa.com)
  • Although transmitted by blood, hepatitis D can cause infection only in individuals with active hepatitis B infection or in carriers. (who.int)
  • A positive result suggests not only the likelihood of active hepatitis but also that the disease is much more infectious, as the virus is actively replicating. (medscape.com)
  • The combination of asymptomatic hepatomegaly and mild, nonspecific elevations of hepatic enzymes suggests a chronic inflammatory liver process or hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Chronic hepatitis C is often diagnosed incidentally during blood checkup at voluntary blood donation campaigns, pre-placement screening, routine medical check-ups or following the presentation of clinical features of chronic liver disease including asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes, ascites, GI bleed, spider nevei, palmar erythema etc. in suspected individuals. (pediaa.com)
  • The likelihood of progression to chronic infection is the same whether infection is symptomatic or asymptomatic. (who.int)
  • If you have acute hepatitis B, you may be asymptomatic or have symptoms and develop icteric hepatitis. (healthline.com)
  • In a minority of cases, HEV causes acute and chronic hepatitis, but infection is commonly asymptomatic or unrecognized. (nature.com)
  • Although the HEV infection is usually acute and self-limiting or clinically asymptomatic, it has been observed that the infection may persist in specific patient populations. (bund.de)
  • However, in a systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Chou et al noted that despite the accuracy of screening tests in identifying asymptomatic adults with chronic HCV infection, screening strategies that target multiple risk factors can miss some of these patients. (medscape.com)
  • Autochthonous hepatitis E in Southwest England: natural history, complications and seasonal variation, and hepatitis E virus IgG seroprevalence in blood donors, the elderly and patients with chronic liver disease. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, the majority of people with chronic hepatitis D will have few symptoms until complications develop. (everydayhealth.com)
  • While liver inflammation is the primary area of concern with a hepatitis C virus infection, the condition can also increase your risk of developing kidney-related complications, such as acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. (healthline.com)
  • Serum specimens are processed, stored, and shipped to the Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments are investigating hepatitis A outbreaks in multiple states among persons reporting drug use and/or homelessness and their contacts. (cdc.gov)
  • The majority of acute infections are subclinical. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are important causes of maternal infections in endemic regions, and HEV can be associated with considerable maternal morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are antenatally screened for and are more likely to lead to chronic infections. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatitis can also occur with Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver processes nutrients, filters the blood , and fights infections, When the liver is inflamed or damaged, its function can be affected, Many people with hepatitis do not have symptoms and do not know they are infected, when symptoms occur with an acute infection, they can appear anytime from 2 weeks to 6 months after exposure. (online-sciences.com)
  • Hepatitis viruses constitute a major public health problem because of the morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
  • NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses will be used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups, and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
  • this includes a higher rate of liver failure in acute infections and a greater likelihood of developing liver cancer in chronic infections. (who.int)
  • Exposure to blood through injections with nonsterile equipment or transfusion of infected blood products is a common and preventable cause of hepatitis B and C virus infections. (who.int)
  • Unsafe injection practices are estimated to be responsible for 21 million new hepatitis B virus infections and two million new hepatitis C virus infections a year. (who.int)
  • It is estimated that about 1.4 million new hepatitis A virus infections occur globally each year. (who.int)
  • Paradoxically, as water and sanitation systems improve in developing countries, infections occur later in life, when the risk for severe disease from hepatitis A is greatest. (who.int)
  • indeed, hepatitis A virus is among the viruses most frequently involved in foodborne infections. (who.int)
  • This Health Alert Network (HAN) Advisory alerts public health departments, healthcare facilities, and programs providing services to affected populations about these outbreaks of hepatitis A infections and provides guidance to assist in identifying and preventing new infections. (cdc.gov)
  • however, when this disease affects populations with already poor health (e.g., hepatitis B and C infections, chronic liver disease), infection can lead to serious outcomes, including death. (cdc.gov)
  • From January 2017 to April 2018, CDC has received more than 2,500 reports of hepatitis A infections associated with person-to-person transmission from multiple states. (cdc.gov)
  • 12,13 Outbreaks of hepatitis A infections among homeless persons have occurred in other countries, but large outbreaks among the homeless have not been described previously in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • If a patient has risk factors for hepatitis, she should be tested for HBsAg at the start of pregnancy and additional testing to exclude other sexually transmissible infections should also be considered. (thieme-connect.de)
  • In this work package, the immune reaction against HEV will be investigated, with a special focus on the differences between acute and chronic infections. (bund.de)
  • Distinguishing between acute and chronic HCV infections is clinically important given that early treatment of infected patients leads to high rates of sustained virological response. (iospress.com)
  • The medical definition of hepatitis E is a kind of inflammation and swelling of the liver that is caused by the hepatitis E virus (hep E). There are about 20 million cases of hep E infections per year in the world. (medicinenet.com)
  • Most hep E infections happen in parts of the world that have poor sanitation or unsafe water supplies. (medicinenet.com)
  • Therefore, it is unknown if cases represent current hepatitis C virus infection or a resolved hepatitis C virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Peginterferon Alfa2a Plus Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection," The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 347, No. 13, 2002, pp. 975982. (scirp.org)
  • Kamar N , Dalton HR , Abravanel F , Izopet J . Hepatitis E virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Pfefferle S , Frickmann H , Gabriel M , Schmitz N , Günther S , Schmidt-Chanasit J . Fatal course of an autochthonous hepatitis E virus infection in a patient with leukemia in Germany. (cdc.gov)
  • About 2000 million people have been infected with hepatitis B virus worldwide, of whom more than 350 million are chronically infected, and between 500 000 and 700 000 people die annually from hepatitis B virus infection. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis B virus infection early in life is associated with the highest risk of chronic infection. (who.int)
  • About 90% of infants infected around the time of birth, 30% of children infected in early childhood and 6% of those infected after five years of age will develop chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis E virus infection occurs sporadically and in epidemics, causing significant morbidity and death, especially in pregnant women. (who.int)
  • There were analysed biochemical markers and their association with clinical outcome of toxic hepatitis as well as with analysed genetic markers. (rsu.lv)
  • In our study was proved that female gender is risk factor for alcohol toxic hepatitis. (rsu.lv)
  • GSTT1 null genotype was identified as a risk allele for alcohol toxic hepatitis progression. (rsu.lv)
  • The diagnosis of acute hepatitis A is made through serologic evaluation. (medscape.com)
  • The gold standard for diagnosis of hepatitis and evaluation of severity of liver disease. (online-sciences.com)
  • According to the Hepatitis B Foundation, only 25% of people with HBV have received a diagnosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Your risk of developing chronic hepatitis B depends on when you first received your diagnosis of the virus. (healthline.com)
  • Children who receive a diagnosis of hepatitis B, especially those under the age of 5 years old, have a higher risk of the infection becoming chronic. (healthline.com)
  • If it's suspected that a person may have hepatitis D, a blood test that confirms the presence of the antibodies that are produced in response to the infection is required to confirm the diagnosis. (everydayhealth.com)
  • The resolutions call upon WHO to provide the necessary technical support to enable Member States to develop robust national viral hepatitis prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. (who.int)
  • Member States to develop robust national viral hepatitis prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies with time-bound goals and to examine the feasibility of eliminating hepatitis B and hepatitis C. In recognition of its public health importance, target 3.3 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development5 calls for specific action to combat viral hepatitis. (who.int)
  • Serologic tests for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) immunoglobulin M (IgM) are required for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV). (medscape.com)
  • Recommendations have also been developed for the prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Unfortunately, there's no vaccine to protect against hepatitis C. Prevention means avoiding risky behaviors that can spread HCV, especially injecting drugs. (kidshealth.org)
  • Hepatitis D can cause significant liver damage and even death, so prevention of this dual infection is crucial. (everydayhealth.com)
  • 3. Significant barriers, including inadequate data for making decisions and limited coverage of effective prevention interventions, need to be addressed before the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat can be realized. (who.int)
  • H. Kato, H. Ikeuchi and M. Nakamura, "Acute Exacerbation of Liver Disease Induced by Pegylated Interferon Alpha2a Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C," International Journal of Clinical Medicine , Vol. 1 No. 1, 2010, pp. 1-5. (scirp.org)
  • The administration of immunoglobulins may improve the clinical manifestations of the disease if given within 2 weeks of infection, but this treatment is of no help in the acute phase of HAV infection. (medscape.com)
  • From analysed genetic markers clinical outcome of chronic viral hepatitis C were influenced by GSTM1 null genotype and polymorphisms in the CCR5 and SERPINA1 genes. (rsu.lv)
  • Non-travel-associated hepatitis E in England and Wales: demographic, clinical, and molecular epidemiological characteristics. (nature.com)
  • These statements and recommendations should provide appropriate information about maternal and fetal routes of infection, screening, detection of risk factors, diagnostic procedures, treatment, birth planning and peripartum and postpartum management of maternal hepatitis infection and offer pointers for prenatal counselling and routine clinical care on delivery wards. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Objectives: To assess the efficacy of Pegylated Interferon in clinical practice in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C and determine the hematologic side effects. (scirp.org)
  • The aims of our work were to assess the effectiveness of treatment with PEG-INF alone or in combination with Ribavirin (RBV) in clinical practice in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C and to determine the hematologic side effects. (scirp.org)
  • In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • This shifting epidemiology is responsible for increased numbers of cases in some countries and the emergence of community-wide outbreaks of hepatitis A. 6. (who.int)
  • Acute hepatitis describes the onset of symptoms over a short period of time after infection. (iaff.org)
  • An acute disease is a disease with a rapid onset and/or a short course. (wa.gov)
  • For 2021, cases that meet both the confirmed and probable case definitions for acute hepatitis C and newly reported chronic hepatitis C are summarized to show the total burden of cases reported by jurisdictions to CDC. (cdc.gov)
  • One 2018 study found about one-fifth of patients who took ledipasvir-sofosbuvir, a combination hep C medication, went on to develop AKI. (healthline.com)
  • The highest risk for infection is found in people exposed via a break in their skin to contaminated blood of a person who is positive for both Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAG) and Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAG) - portions of the virus that are responsible for the disease. (iaff.org)
  • If a patient has risk factors for hepatitis, she should be tested for HBs antigen (HBsAg) at the start of pregnancy. (thieme-connect.de)
  • HBV DNA testing is also recommended when occult HBV is suspected (positive anti-HBc and negative antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen [anti-HBs] and hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]) or in cases in which all of the serologic tests are negative. (medscape.com)
  • This involves the reaction of anti-HBc in the sample with hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) coated wells. (cdc.gov)
  • To evaluate the patient's level of infectivity, quantification of HBV DNA is essential, and the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) should be determined. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, serial tests carried out at monthly intervals will be highly encouraged to confirm the complete recovery of the acute condition with negative serology results in about 3 months. (pediaa.com)
  • Active phases of systemic vasculitides like panarteritis nodosa (treatment duration should be limited to two weeks in cases of concomitant positive hepatitis B serology). (medicines.org.uk)
  • Table 1 Interpretation of hepatitis B serology test results [ 1 ]. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Hepatitis viruses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Infectious hepatitis includes disease caused by viruses such as A, B, C, and other possible agents of non-A, non-B hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
  • The group of viruses that cause acute and/or chronic liver infection and inflammation (hepatitis) is responsible for major public health problems globally. (who.int)
  • The probability of transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses through transfusion of unsafe blood can be as high as about 70% and 92%, respectively, depending on the volume transfused and viral load. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis A and E viruses persist in the environment and are able to resist food-production processes routinely used to inactivate and/or control bacterial pathogens. (who.int)
  • Infectious agents that can cause hepatitis include viruses such as the hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses, as well as parasites. (mountelizabeth.com.sg)
  • Different viruses, bacteria and parasites can cause infectious hepatitis. (mountelizabeth.com.sg)
  • Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are two different viruses that cause hepatitis. (iaff.org)
  • Children do not appear more vulnerable to infectious hepatitis. (mountelizabeth.com.sg)
  • Accordingly, interdisciplinary studies are needed to better understand this zoonotic infectious disease with a chronic course. (bund.de)
  • A 66yearold female was referred to a local clinic for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Her family physician started the administration of PegIFN alpha2a in combination with ribavirin in September, 2008. (scirp.org)
  • Peginterferon Alfa2b Plus Ribavirin Compared with Interferon Alfa2b Plus Ribavirin for Initial Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C: A Randomised Trial," Lancet,Vol. 358, No. 9286, 2001, pp. 958965. (scirp.org)
  • Dalton HR , Keane FE , Bendall R , Mathew J , Ijaz S . Treatment of chronic hepatitis E in a patient with HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Following "the Dakar Appeal" [3] , the Ivorian government, through the National Program of the Fight against Viral Hepatitis (NPFVH) has made freely available to patients of the 3 Teaching Hospitals of Abidjan, Pegylated Interferon (PEG-IFN) from February 2012 to November 2013 for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C. The pre, per and post therapeutic biological, radiological and histological tests remain the responsibility of patients. (scirp.org)
  • Viral genetic diversity was low during acute infection and increased upon progression to chronicity but subsequently fluctuated during chronic infection, caused by the alternate detection of distinct coexisting lineages. (pacb.com)
  • Ischemic heart disease: pathogenesis and morphological features of angina pectoris, chronic ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction (timing of the progression of ischemic necrosis in myocardial infarction: evaluation methods). (unibo.it)
  • Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). (medsci.org)
  • More than 50% of people who contract HCV go on to develop chronic hep C. While primarily a disease that affects the liver, there's also a possibility that hep C may increase your risk of developing kidney disease. (healthline.com)
  • Terms and Abbreviations Used in This Publication Acute hepatitis C Newly acquired symptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Treatment of symptomatic multiple myeloma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in combination with other medicinal products. (medicines.org.uk)
  • M. Shindo, A. M. D. Bisceglie and J. H. Hoofnagle, "Ac ute Exacerbation of Liver Disease during Interferon Alfa Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C," Gastroenterology, Vol. 102, No. 4, 1992, pp. 14061408. (scirp.org)
  • HDV may make liver disease worse in people who have either recent (acute) or long-term (chronic) hepatitis B. It can even cause symptoms in people who carry hepatitis B virus but who never had symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chronic restrictive diseases: classification of various types of histological patterns in interstitial lung disease (usual interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia). (unibo.it)
  • Non-neoplastic smoke-related lung disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, small airways disease/respiratory bronchiolitis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the lung. (unibo.it)
  • Most children have no symptoms, and only start to feel some of the acute disease symptoms when they develop advanced liver disease many years later. (kidshealth.org)
  • The global disease burden of hepatitis E has been reported to be at least 20 million cases/year with 70,000 fatalities and 3,000 stillbirths. (medscape.com)
  • Having hepatitis B or hepatitis C or fatty liver disease, or drinking. (msdmanuals.com)
  • More than 900 children and teens with a wide range of liver diseases, from acute hepatitis to a chronic liver disease that may require transplant, are receiving ongoing care in our clinics. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Hepatitis is a term describing inflammation and disease of the liver. (iaff.org)
  • The latest available date, from the IAFF Annual Death and Injury Survey, demonstrate that one in 32 fire fighters was exposed to a communicable disease such as hepatitis or HIV in 1998. (iaff.org)
  • Maternal hepatitis B infection is a relevant viral disease in pregnancy. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Read on to learn more about the connection between hep C and chronic kidney disease and important topics you should consider discussing with a doctor if you have hep C. (healthline.com)
  • In some cases, this can lead to chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and other conditions. (healthline.com)
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to a condition where your kidneys gradually endure permanent damage. (healthline.com)
  • Sometimes, hep C may cause a type of kidney disease called glomerulonephritis , in which the filters in your kidneys, called glomeruli, become inflamed. (healthline.com)
  • Not only is diabetes the most common cause of CKD, but having hep C also increases your risk for developing diabetes, which can cause kidney disease and kidney failure. (healthline.com)
  • How often should you be tested for kidney disease if you have hep C? (healthline.com)
  • If you have hep C, you should get tested for kidney disease at least once a year . (healthline.com)
  • She had no history of liver disease, alcohol abuse, risk factors for viral hepatitis or drug allergies. (nih.gov)
  • On examination, she was jaundiced but had no signs of chronic liver disease. (nih.gov)
  • 1. Viral hepatitis is a highly endemic disease and a public health problem. (who.int)
  • The priority actions proposed include developing dat a systems to understand the burden of the disease, preventing viral hepatitis transmission a nd countries designing strong hepatitis treatment programmes. (who.int)
  • We enrolled in this study 19 patients who developed an acute liver injury (ALI)/failure (ALF) or exhibited a chronic liver disease (CLD) and were evaluated and listed for liver transplantation (LTx) or had just undergone this procedure, and secondary abnormal serum Tf isoform profile. (nih.gov)
  • A chronic disease persists over a long period of time or recurs. (wa.gov)
  • Laboratory evaluation for hepatitis B disease generally consists of liver enzyme tests, including levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), as well as liver function tests (LFTs) that include total and direct serum bilirubin, albumin, and measurement of the international normalized ratio (INR). (medscape.com)
  • PegIFN induced acute liver failure is quite rare, but clinicians should aware of this lifethreatening side effect during and after interferon therapy. (scirp.org)
  • Induction of Antinuclear Antibody after Interferon Therapy in Patients with TypeC Chronic Hepatitis: Its Relation to the Efficacy of Therapy," Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 31, No. 7, 1996, pp. 716722. (scirp.org)
  • Patients and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study from January 2012 to November 2013 on a cohort of patients chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (n = 11) treated with Pegylated Interferon to 180 mcg per week and hepatitis C virus (n = 30) treated with a combination therapy associating pegylated Interferon to 180 mcg per week and Ribavirin assayed according to the genotype. (scirp.org)
  • detectable in persons with acute, chronic, and resolved infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Hepatitis C is a form of Hepatitis which is transmitted through the exposure to blood and blood products contaminated with the particular virus. (pediaa.com)
  • This is a form of Hepatitis C which is confirmed by the presence of positive antibodies in patient's blood even after a duration of 6 months following the initial exposure. (pediaa.com)
  • Cases of probable hepatitis C require a positive test for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and an absence of other case definition criteria. (cdc.gov)
  • Doctors do a blood test to look for antibodies to hepatitis C. If antibodies are present, it only means that the person has had an HCV infection at some point. (kidshealth.org)
  • Using this platform, we longitudinally sampled and sequenced the hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope genome region (1,680 nucleotides [nt]) from individuals belonging to a cluster of sexually transmitted cases. (pacb.com)
  • The hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs). (medscape.com)
  • Thus, this molecular approach will add incrementally to our current knowledge of the HEV-genome organization and pathogenesis in chronic hepatitis E. (nature.com)
  • Analysis of 2179 clonal sequences derived from hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the HCV genome in samples obtained from patients with acute (n = 49) and chronic (n = 102) HCV infection showed that intra-host HVR1 diversity was 1.8 times higher in patients with chronic than acute infection. (iospress.com)
  • Acute restrictive diseases: diffuse alveolar damage (respiratory distress syndrome of adult and infant). (unibo.it)
  • Viral hepatitis is a highly endemic public health problem in the African Region, comparable to other major communicable diseases, including HIV, tuberculosis and malaria. (who.int)
  • Some chronic diseases, such as chronic hepatitis and HIV are caused by pathogens (germs). (wa.gov)
  • Many acute diseases are caused by pathogens (germs). (wa.gov)
  • Study subjects comprised 60 patients with acute alcohol induced hepatitis. (rsu.lv)
  • The best way to prevent hepatitis A infection is through vaccination with the hepatitis A vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • 20% of all hepatitis A cases reported to CDC, but no large outbreaks have occurred among persons who use drugs since adoption of the recommendation for hepatitis A vaccination of persons who use injection and non-injection drugs was made in 1996. (cdc.gov)
  • In 50% of cases, it results in perinatal infection, leading to chronic hepatitis B infection of children in up to 90% of cases if no adequate vaccination (active and passive) is carried out. (thieme-connect.de)
  • There are no specific drugs or treatments to treat and cure hepatitis E, moreover, the only country that has a hep E vaccination is China at this time. (medicinenet.com)