ProteinsEpidermal GrowthProteinReceptorsSignaling moleculeActivinSignal TransductionFibroblastsPathwayCytokineMicroenvironmentInterleukinInhibitory activityInhibitsDifferentiation factorsCytokinesProgressionPhysiologyProliferationVascularPromotesRegulationLungBoneInducibleAntibodyRisk factorsBiological ActivityStimulationInhibitionSynthesisMitogenicRegulate the expressionVitroEndothelialCellsFibronectinMycobacteriumTumor suppressorDownstreamPlateletTissueTranscriptionalTranscription factorInteractsExpressionInduces
Proteins6
- Losartan has protective effect on aortic wall of rats with aortic dissection, and the mechanism may be through inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta 1 pathway, which activates downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway related proteins, and then inhibits the expansion and progression of aortic dissection. (ijpsonline.com)
- The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. (prospecbio.com)
- These genes are involved in T cell regulation, including interferons, interleukin (IL),tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as linker for activation of T cells (LAT), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), and adapter proteins. (frontiersin.org)
- Aplha, transcription related growth factors and stimulating factors or repressing nuclear factors are complex subunits of proteins involved in cell differentiation. (tgf-a.com)
- Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. (neuromics.com)
- The enormous amount of growth factors contained in platelet alpha granules, the ability to de novo synthesis of proteins and their microbicidal and modulating inflammation activity, favor the proliferation and cellular immunomodulation and synthesis of extracellular matrix, promoting healing, wound repair and other tissue damage. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Epidermal Growth3
- However, some of the breast cancer extracts were stimulatory in the mink lung lung assay implying that a mitogenic factor like epidermal growth factor (EGF) was co-purified. (ox.ac.uk)
- RNA interference (RNAi) of PTPRK accelerated cell cycle progression, enhanced response to epidermal growth factor (EGF), and abrogated TGF-beta-mediated antimitogenesis. (nih.gov)
- The activity of these cells is increased by IL-1 (interleukin-1) and epidermal growth factor. (wikipedia.org)
Protein16
- Bioassay of transforming growth factor-beta activity in acidic protein extracts from primary breast cancer specimens. (ox.ac.uk)
- In TGF-beta-treated MCF10A mammary epithelial cells overexpressing HER2 and by chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified novel Smad targets including protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type kappa (PTPRK). (nih.gov)
- To investigate the effect of losartan on vascular remodeling and transforming growth factor-beta and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
- Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to measure the thickness and diameter ratio of the aortic media of mice in each group, Masson staining was used to observe the content of collagen fibers in the aorta of mice in each group, elastic fibers in the aorta of mice in each group were stained, and transforming growth factor-beta and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway protein expression. (ijpsonline.com)
- The TGFB1 gene provides instructions for producing a protein called transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1). (medlineplus.gov)
- The TGFβ-1 protein triggers chemical signals that regulate various cell activities, including the growth and division (proliferation) of cells, the maturation of cells to carry out specific functions (differentiation), cell movement (motility), and controlled cell death (apoptosis ). (medlineplus.gov)
- The TGFβ-1 protein is found throughout the body but is particularly abundant in tissues that make up the skeleton, where it helps regulate the formation and growth of bone and cartilage, a tough, flexible tissue that makes up much of the skeleton during early development. (medlineplus.gov)
- This abnormal TGFβ-1 protein activity causes an increase in signaling, which leads to more bone formation. (medlineplus.gov)
- The protein encoded by this gene forms a heteromeric complex with type II TGF-beta receptors when bound to TGF-beta, transducing the TGF-beta signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm. (nih.gov)
- BMP-7 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7), also known as Osteogenic Protein 1 or BMP-7, is a potent growth factor that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, particularly in osteogenesis and tissue regeneration. (prospecbio.com)
- BMP-7, also known as Osteogenic Protein 1 or BMP-7, is a growth factor with multifaceted roles in osteogenesis, tissue regeneration, and disease. (prospecbio.com)
- Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator. (lsbio.com)
- Cholesterol contributes to atherosclerosis - a condition that greatly increases the risk of heart attack and stroke - by suppressing the activity of a key protein that protects the heart and blood vessels, researchers at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine have found. (science20.com)
- Using an animal model, Chun-Lin Chen, a senior graduate student on Dr. Huang's research team, found that cholesterol limits the activity of a key protective protein called transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). (science20.com)
- Upon binding, this complex translocates to the cytoplasm, where it interacts with TGF-beta receptor type-1 (TGFBR1), leading to the degradation of both the encoded protein and TGFBR1. (cancerindex.org)
- A cardiomelic developmental field has also been postulated to relate the genetic heterogeneity of HOS (and other similar syndromes) to a cascade of molecules, including the brachyury, sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, retinoic acid receptor, and transforming growth factor beta families. (medscape.com)
Receptors4
- Because cells communicate with several extracellular matrix components via specific cell membrane receptors, we hypothesized that TGFs-.beta. (eurekamag.com)
- These results demonstrate that TGF-.beta.1 stimulates fibronectin receptor synthesis, extending the diverse stimulatory activities of this polypeptide to matrix receptors. (eurekamag.com)
- Expression patterns of transforming growth factor-beta and its receptors in the gastric mucosa of patients with refractory gastric ulcer. (ntu.edu.tw)
- e.g. inflammation, genotoxicity, and This chapter focuses on issues as- ellers, growth factors, growth factor epigenetic alterations) and can have sociated with the understanding and receptors, signal transducers, and both genetic and epigenetic origins. (who.int)
Signaling molecule1
- The team's key discovery concerns the activation of a pathway involving the multi-faceted signaling molecule TGF-β (transforming growth factor-beta). (cshl.edu)
Activin1
- Both of them block signaling mediated by Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) on the Activin Receptor type IIA (ActRIIA). (shu.edu)
Signal Transduction1
- Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). (lsbio.com)
Fibroblasts2
- Based upon the 48-72 h period required for a maximal fibroproliferative response to dermal injection of TGF-.beta.1, we exposed human fetal lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) to TGF-.beta.1 for periods up to 48 h in vitro. (eurekamag.com)
- This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
Pathway2
- Existing studies have shown that there is crossover between Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone (RAAS) signaling pathway and TGF-β pathway, but little is known about whether ARB drug losartan can block Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) signaling pathway, inhibit the activation of Transforming Growth Factor- Beta (TGF-β) pathway, and regulate vascular remodeling. (ijpsonline.com)
- Furthermore, such approaches allow for predicting the Transforming Growth Factor b (TGF-b) pathway in quantities not yet measured. (lu.se)
Cytokine3
- BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 associated with variations in cytokine levels are linked to fibrosis in a number of tissues. (bmj.com)
- 1 , 2 In this study we have tested the hypothesis that this difference may be due partly to inherited variation in the ability of patients to express the profibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 . (bmj.com)
- PBMCs are divided into various functional subtypes with respect to the specific cytokine expression profiles, surface markers, and the transcription factors. (frontiersin.org)
Microenvironment1
- The modulating factors within the tumor microenvironment , for example, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß), may limit the response to chemo and immunotherapy protocols in colorectal cancer (CRC). (bvsalud.org)
Interleukin5
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: Angiogenesis, which is a critical step in the initiation and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), involves pro-angiogenic factors, including interleukin (IL)-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (koreamed.org)
- Fullerene-treated mice had less tumor necrosis factor alpha and less interleukin-1beta production compared to the production levels for nontreated mice. (nanomedicine.com)
- Three cytokines, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), and interleukin 5 (IL-5) have been shown to promote the growth and the maturation of eosinophils and to induce the conversion of normal eosinophils to hypodense eosinophils. (medscape.com)
- Consistent with M1 polarization, the MWCNTs induced the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor- and interleukin-1, and proinflammatory LMs leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). (cdc.gov)
- Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
Inhibitory activity2
- Antibody to TGF-beta neutralized the inhibitory activity of this conditioned medium, indicating that the medium contained active TGF-beta. (rupress.org)
- The accumulation of both peptides in the endothelial cells suggested in vivo inhibitory activity of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme. (go.jp)
Inhibits3
- Purified TGF-beta causes a reproducible increase in NRK colony formation and inhibits incorporation of 3H-thymidine by mink lung cells. (ox.ac.uk)
- Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits proliferation and promotes cell migration. (nih.gov)
- Carboxyfullerene directly inhibits in vitro growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and enhances bactericidal activity of neutrophils in mice in vivo [ 5874 ], suggesting that the fullerene derivative "can be considered an antimicrobial agent for group A streptococcus infection. (nanomedicine.com)
Differentiation factors1
- The practice of dentistry is likely to be revolutionized by biological therapies based on growth and differentiation factors that accelerate and/or induce a natural biological regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
Cytokines6
- The activation of a resting helper T cell causes it to release cytokines and other stimulatory signals (green arrows) that stimulate the activity of macrophages , killer T cells and B cells , the latter producing antibodies . (wikidoc.org)
- The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells can be affected by numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, and chemokines. (frontiersin.org)
- Various cytokines, transcription factors, and other regulatory molecules have been found to be differentially methylated in CD8+ T cells in autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
- The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells is accompanied by large-scale changes in the coordinated expression of numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors (TFs) and chemokines that are correlated with their survival, effector function, and self-renewal ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
- At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
- by normal individuals cause broncho-constriction in Cytokines often have overlapping biological activities, patients with asthma. (cdc.gov)
Progression1
- Further work is required to determine whether inhibition of TGF-β 1 activity in these patients may slow disease progression. (bmj.com)
Physiology1
- Activins have a wide range of biological activities including mesoderm induction, neural cell differentiation, bone remodeling, hematopoiesis, and reproductive physiology. (neuromics.com)
Proliferation2
- Role of TGF-Beta Signaling in Beta Cell Proliferation and Function in Diabetes. (nih.gov)
- Complex subunit associated factors are involved in hybridoma growth, Eosinohils, eritroid proliferation and derived from promotor binding stimulating subunits on the DNA binding complex. (tgf-a.com)
Vascular1
- Neuropilin 1 (NP1) is a part of essential receptor complexes mediating both semaphorin3A (SEMA3A) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which is one of important mediators involved in the pathogenesis. (koreamed.org)
Promotes1
- With respect to its activity in beta-thalassemia, the mechanism by which luspatercept promotes erythropoiesis is not understood. (shu.edu)
Regulation3
- Basic fibroblast growth factor-induced activation of latent transforming growth factor beta in endothelial cells: regulation of plasminogen activator activity. (rupress.org)
- Treatment with IFN-gamma produced a dose- and time-dependent up-regulation of CD38 in monocytes and monocytic lines, which was paralleled by increased ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase activities. (nih.gov)
- Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) couples bone formation with resorption through the regulation of osteoblast-derived osteoclast regulatory factors. (shu.edu)
Lung2
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) induced tuberculosis has been known as one of the risk factors for lung carcinogenesis. (lidsen.com)
- The above data from both cell culture and animal models support our proposed hypothesis that physicochemical properties of CNT are key factors in determining their bioactivities, which leads to a novel mechanism of unique nanoparticle -induced lung fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
Bone2
- Bone pain ranges from mild to severe and can increase with stress, activity, or cold weather. (medlineplus.gov)
- In addition, the fact that this BMP is closely related to BMP5 and BMP7 has lead to speculation of possible bone inductive activity. (prospecbio.com)
Inducible1
- The expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase, an intracellular marker of M1, were increased by MWCNTs. (cdc.gov)
Antibody2
- Using a monospecific antibody raised to the human placental fibronectin receptor complex, we found that TGF-.beta.1 stimulated fibronectin receptor synthesis up to 20-40-fold and increase mRNA levels encoding both the .alpha. (eurekamag.com)
- They are essential in determining B cell antibody class switching , in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells , and in maximizing bactericidal activity of phagocytes such as macrophages . (wikidoc.org)
Risk factors1
- Hypertension, physical trauma, smoking, previous cardiac surgery, male sex and genetic diseases are risk factors for AD[ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Biological Activity3
- The importance of these factors in determining BMP-7's biological activity and receptor specificity is discussed. (prospecbio.com)
- Neutralizes the biological activity of TGF-b1. (tgf-a.com)
- This raises a human risk concern and brings up a challenge, since information and specific methods are lacking which would allow one to predict the biological activity of these new nanomaterial s. (cdc.gov)
Stimulation3
- We hypothesized that the decrease in PA activity following bFGF stimulation was mediated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) formed from its inactive precursor. (rupress.org)
- Activation of TGF-beta by endothelial cells exposed to bFGF appears to limit both the degree and duration of PA stimulation. (rupress.org)
- Therefore, in EMS, IL-5 may play a substantial role in the growth and the stimulation of eosinophils and in their conversion to the hypodense, cytotoxic form. (medscape.com)
Inhibition2
- He tested the hypothesis that the retinoid induced growth inhibition of HPV is mediated by the Growth Factor Beta. (aicr.org)
- Since PPARg is essential in dampening inflammation in colon, Vanin-1 may exert its proinflammatory activity in part throug PPARg inhibition. (univ-mrs.fr)
Synthesis4
- Thus, in bFGF-stimulated endothelial cell cultures, PA levels are controlled by a negative feedback loop: PA, whose expression is stimulated by bFGF, contributes to the formation of TGF-beta, which in turn opposes the effects of bFGF by limiting PA synthesis and activity. (rupress.org)
- CD38 is also a complex ectoenzyme featuring ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase activities, leading to the synthesis and degradation of cADPR, a Ca+-mobilizing agent. (nih.gov)
- This initial discovery has allowed the synthesis of structurally modified molecules that have been used to study structure-activity relationships and reveal tight structural and steric selectivity in the biological actions of cannabinoids. (degruyter.com)
- Also being investigated are also some non-genomic functions of these factors, such as its effect on signaling pathways involving platelet activation and its role in de novo synthesis of both pro-and anti-inflammatory factors. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Mitogenic1
- Although it was initially thought to play a role in the development and maintenance of metastatic tumours and to have some mitogenic activity ( 1 - 3 ), subsequent investigations have demonstrated a much more diverse role in cancer and cell growth for COM-1. (iiarjournals.org)
Regulate the expression2
- Here, it is demonstrated that TGFβ facilitates Tβ4 expression and leads to the activation of myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTF), which are coactivators of serum response factor (SRF) and regulate the expression of genes critical for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis. (aacrjournals.org)
- In addition to this there is evidence that some tumour inhibitory agents (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β) may up-regulate the expression of COM-1 and result in cell growth arrest ( 11 , 12 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Vitro3
- In vitro cytotoxicity against the HeLa S3 cell line has been evaluated by studying the inhibited growth rate [ 922 ], and some C 60 derivatives have shown promise as anti-cancer agents [ 1090 - 1092 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
- Far from achieving the desired effect, in vitro otherwise completely it observed when the concentration factor exceeds a certain level. (heraldopenaccess.us)
- 4) well known fibrogenic mediators, such as Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta1) or Matrix Metallopeptidase (MMP9), were induced by SWCNT or MWCNT in vitro, which is consistent with in vivo observation from our and other published reports. (cdc.gov)
Endothelial5
- Exposure of bovine aortic or capillary endothelial cells to basic FGF (bFGF) for 1 h resulted in an approximately sixfold increase in plasminogen activator (PA) activity by 18 h that returned nearly to basal levels by 36 h. (rupress.org)
- Conditioned medium collected from endothelial cells 36 h after a 1-h exposure to bFGF, but not control medium, inhibited basal levels of PA activity when transferred to confluent monolayers of bovine aortic endothelial cells. (rupress.org)
- Northern blot analysis and quantitation of acid activatable latent TGF-beta in conditioned medium demonstrated that bFGF exposure did not increase the amount of transcription or secretion of latent TGF-beta by the endothelial cells. (rupress.org)
- These results demonstrated that plasmin generated by uPA activity is required for the activation of latent TGF-beta in endothelial cell cultures treated with bFGF. (rupress.org)
- Alpha: containing fibrinogen, Von-Willebrand factor, platelet derived growth factor, ectodermal growth factor, vasculo-endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 and other growth factors, as can be seen in table 1. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Cells7
- In MCF10A/HER2 cells, TGF-beta enhanced cell motility, FAK phosphorylation, F-actin assembly, and focal adhesion formation and inhibited RhoA activity. (nih.gov)
- CD8+ T cells, also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), are one subtype of T cell ( 6 ), characterized by robust production of interferon (IFN)-γ and cytolytic activities via perforin (PRF)/granzymes (GZM) or Fas mechanisms to kill target cells ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Cholesterol, however, suppresses the responsiveness of cardiovascular cells to TGF-beta and its protective qualities - thus allowing atherosclerosis to develop. (science20.com)
- Similarly, the research found that statins, drugs that lower cholesterol levels, enhance the responsiveness of cardiovascular cells to the protective actions of TGF-beta, thus helping prevent the development of atherosclerosis and heart disease. (science20.com)
- For example, drugs that enhance or promote the protective activity of TGF-beta in cardiovascular cells should be effective in treating or preventing atherosclerosis, alone or in combination with other cholesterol-lowering agents. (science20.com)
- Literature review: This review summarizes current knowledge, barriers, and challenges in the clinical use of adult stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors for the development and evaluation of regenerative endodontic therapies. (bvsalud.org)
- The major areas of research that might have application in the development of regenerative endodontic techniques are (a) postnatal stem cells, (b) scaffold materials, (c) morphogen/growth factors, (d) implantation. (bvsalud.org)
Fibronectin2
- Enables fibronectin binding activity and metallopeptidase activity. (nih.gov)
- We confirmed that TGF-.beta.1 increases the expression of fibronectin, an adhesive glycoprotein expression during embryogenesis and tissue remodeling. (eurekamag.com)
Mycobacterium1
- Positively-charged water-soluble fullerene derivatives inhibit growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at ~0.005 mg/cm 3 concentrations [ 2382 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Tumor suppressor1
- TGF-beta, it turns out, is a well- known tumor suppressor, and loss of TGF-beta's protective effects - caused by high blood cholesterol - could thus increase formation of these cancers, the findings suggest. (science20.com)
Downstream1
- Tβ4 levels are transcriptionally regulated via the novel cis -acting element AGACAAAG, which interacts with Smad and T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) to synergistically activate the Tβ4 promoter downstream of TGFβ. (aacrjournals.org)
Platelet1
- The objective of this review is to define that is called plasma rich in platelet growth factors or more commonly known as Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), the most accepted methods of production in scientific literature and those clinical applications in Dental implantology where there has been more scientific evidence to use. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Tissue1
- Compared to raw CUR, CUR-ZN was significantly more effective in attenuating the rise in hepatic gene expression of collagen-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, and transforming growth factor beta, as well as the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. (ingentaconnect.com)
Transcriptional1
- required for syngernistic transcriptional activity in response to TGF-beta. (lsbio.com)
Transcription factor1
- The responsible gene has been mapped to band 12q24.1, which encodes the human transcription factor TBX5. (medscape.com)
Interacts1
- Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1), an oxidative stress-response gene, interacts with calcineurin and represses its phosphatase activity. (koreamed.org)
Expression3
- furthermore, ectopic expression of constitutively active MRTF-A fully restores the diminished metastatic activity. (aacrjournals.org)
- Effects of amphetamine on the AMPA-mediated synaptic activity and the expression of AMPA receptor subunit 2 of brain neurons. (ntu.edu.tw)
- Consequent abnormal expression of the cardiac and limb-specific T-box transcription factors lead to the malformations described in HOS. (medscape.com)
Induces1
- Alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for the development of serious toxicological effects following exposure to carbon tetrachloride, since alcohol induces CYP2E1, leading to increased production of reactive metabolites. (cdc.gov)