• To decipher the mode of recognition and action of the enzymes belonging to subfamily PL6_1, we solved the crystal structures of Pedsa0632, Patl3640, Pedsa3628 and Pedsa3807, which all show different substrate specificities and mode of action (endo-/exolyase). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The construction of large, phylogenetically diverse libraries of synthetic genes from a sequence-based family allows rapid evaluation of the substrate specificity encoded within the gene products and identification of rare catalytic capabilities. (doe.gov)
  • We found that the minimal substrate is GlcNAc 3 and that activity increases with the degree of glycan polymerization. (rcsb.org)
  • The sequences identity ranges around 12-18% but regions of functional similarity (e.g., substrate- or H-binding sites) align for only very closely related MFS transporters. (embl.de)
  • MFS is subgrouped into 74 subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis, postulated substrate specificity and expected transport mode (Madej M.G, Advances in Biology, Hindawi, Volume 2014, Article ID 523591:1-20). (embl.de)
  • These duplicated genes maintain a high degree of sequence similarity, but differ greatly in their substrate specificity and tissue expression patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Carbohydrate binding sites in a pancreatic α-amylase-substrate complex derived from x-ray structure analysis at 2.1Ao resolution. (scialert.net)
  • Protein engineering in the α-amylase family: Catalytic mechanism substrate specificity and stability. (scialert.net)
  • Substrate specificity of catechol oxidase from Lycopus europaeus and characterization of the bioproducts of enzymic caffeic acid oxidation. (lookformedical.com)
  • The substrate specificity of catechol oxidase from Lycopus europaeus towards phenols is examined. (lookformedical.com)
  • Surprisingly, a single point mutation (N96S), not only resulted in a simultaneous improvement in thermal stability and catalytic efficiency, but also increased the acyl moiety substrate range of NaM1.IMPORTANCE Acetyl xylan esterases (AcXEs) belong to nine carbohydrate esterase families (CE 1-7, 12 and 16), of which CE7 enzymes possess a unique and narrow specificity for acetylated substrates. (inrae.fr)
  • To account for the specificity of enzymes, Emil Fischer proposed that the enzyme had a particular shape into which the substrate(s) fit exactly. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Thorough exploration of the structures of Pedsa0632 and Patl3640 in complex with their substrates as well as docking experiments confirms that the conserved residues in subsites -1 to +3 of the catalytic site form a common platform that can accommodate various types of alginate in a very similar manner but with a series of original adaptations bringing them their specificities of action. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To uncover the molecular basis of this dual activity, here we determined the X-ray structure of the Bs PdaC CE4 domain at 1.54 Å resolution and analyzed its mode of action on COS substrates. (rcsb.org)
  • Unlike other family members, this enzyme shows exclusive specificity for partially GalNAc-glycosylated acceptor substrates and shows no activity with non-glycosylated peptides. (nih.gov)
  • A novel human UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, GalNAc-T7, with specificity for partial GalNAc-glycosylated acceptor substrates. (nih.gov)
  • The AKR superfamily are monomeric oxidoreductases that catalyze the NADP(H)-dependent reduction of a wide variety of substrates, ranging from steroids, prostaglandins, bile acids, carbohydrates and xenobiotics [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By comparing the enzyme kinetics of diFA release to feruloyl esterase activity of the enzymes on methyl- and arabinosyl-ferulate substrates we demonstrate that the diFA release activity cannot be predicted from the activity of the enzymes on these synthetic substrates. (inrae.fr)
  • Recombinant A. terreus FaeD (AtFaeD) showed broad specificity towards synthetic methyl and ethyl esters, and released ferulic acid from plant biomass substrates, demonstrating its true FAE activity and interesting features as potential biocatalyst. (inrae.fr)
  • In conclution, DNA amplification is a rapid, reliable and accurate method with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA sequences and it can replace the conventional culture method in the diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis meningitis except in the situation when antibiotic sensitivity results are required. (who.int)
  • The genome sequence of Acremonium alcalophilum has revealed a large number of genes encoding biomass-degrading enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We identified a lipA gene in the genome sequence of Acremonium alcalophilum , encoding a protein with a predicted lipase domain with weak sequence identity to characterized enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, the genome of A. alcalophilum was sequenced ( http://genome.jgi-psf.org/Acral2/Acral2.home.html ), providing a rich genetic resource for the identification of enzymes that potentially function under alkaline conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Past attempts to sequence proteoglycans have relied on the so-called "bottom up" approach in which scientists use enzymes to chop a molecule into its component parts and then try to put it back together, like a puzzle. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Several types of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) may be used in glycosylation reactions. (researchsquare.com)
  • Feruloyl esterases (FAEs) are accessory enzymes for plant biomass degradation, which catalyse hydrolysis of carboxylic ester linkages between hydroxycinnamic acids and plant cell-wall carbohydrates. (inrae.fr)
  • They are a diverse group of enzymes evolved from, e.g. acetyl xylan esterases (AXEs), lipases and tannases, thus complicating their classification and prediction of function by sequence similarity. (inrae.fr)
  • However, only part of the fungal FAEs are included in Carbohydrate Esterase family 1 (CE1) of the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) database. (inrae.fr)
  • In this work, we performed a phylogenetic analysis that divided the fungal members of CE1 into five subfamilies of which three contained characterized enzymes with conserved activities. (inrae.fr)
  • The crystal structure of wild type NaM1 was solved at a resolution of 2.03 A and a comparison with the structures and models of more thermostable carbohydrate esterase (CE) 7 family enzymes and variants of NaM1 from a directed evolution experiment, respectively, suggest that reduced side chain volume of protein core residues is relevant to the thermal stability of NaM1. (inrae.fr)
  • Most enzymes are proteins , though certain nucleic acids , called ribozymes , are also capable of catalytic activity. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Enzymes are essential to sustain life because most chemical reactions in biological cells , such as the digestion of food, would occur too slowly or would lead to different products without the activity of enzymes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Enzymes can be affected by molecules that increase their activity (activators) or decrease their activity (inhibitors). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • By inhibiting the activity of these enzymes, aspirin suppresses our experience of pain and inflammation. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Here, we show that these GL34 compounds are largely resistant to the hydrolytic activities of common carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. (springer.com)
  • A synthetic, specially- designed oligonucleotide with the ability to recognize and bind a protein ligand molecule or molecules with high affinity and specificity. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • This enzyme is a type II transmembrane protein and shares common sequence motifs with other family members. (nih.gov)
  • Structure-activity features of the protein were characterized, and functional studies predict bubaline pregnancy associated glycoprotein 2 as an inducible, extra-cellular, non-essential, N-glycosylated, aspartic pro-endopeptidase that is involved in down-regulation of complement pathway and immunity during pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the absence of experimentally determined protein structures, a homology-based model may serve as a good starting point for investigation of sequence-structure-function relationships. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although homology-modeled structures may often not be accurate enough to allow characterization of protein-protein or protein-inhibitor interactions at the atomic level, they can suggest which sequence regions or individual amino acids are essential functional components of the protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we performed caseinolytic activity test to assess the presence of serine and metalloproteases in skin secretion and it was fractionated by fast liquid protein chromatography using a reverse-phase column. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We were able to identify several classes of antimicrobial peptides, such as buforins, peroniins and brevinins, as well as PLA 2 , lectins and galectins, combining protein sequencing and RNA-seq analysis for the first time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteinet visade sig t o m ha en isopeptidbinding, vilket är den första som observerats i ett protein uttryckt av en Gram-negativ bakterie. (umu.se)
  • Specific and quantitative detail of every food or drink consumed during the previous day was recorded and calculated, thus providing estimates of calories, protein, carbohydrates, fat, unsaturated fats, cholesterol, and specific vitamins and minerals consumed. (cdc.gov)
  • RT "Cloning of human adenosine kinase cDNA: sequence similarity to RT microbial ribokinases and fructokinases. (linuxfocus.org)
  • RT "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length RT human and mouse cDNA sequences. (linuxfocus.org)
  • Screening the porcine CHORI-242 BAC library with a full-length AKR1C4 cDNA identified 7 positive clones and sample sequencing of 5 BAC clones revealed 5 distinct AKR1C genes ( AKR1CL2 and AKR1C1 through 4 ), which mapped to 126-128 cM on SSC10. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Isolation, cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isolation and sequence analysis of α-amylase cDNA clone. (scialert.net)
  • The results of cDNA cloning, peptide mapping, and amino acid sequencing of PPAE revealed that PPAE is synthesized as prepro-PPAE with 441 amino acid residues and is activated from pro-PPAE by cleavage of a peptide bond between Lys152 and Ile153. (lookformedical.com)
  • The mouse CD45RABC cDNA encodes 1291 amino acids (aa), including a 23 aa signal sequence, a 541 aa extracellular domain containing the splicing region, a cysteine-rich region and two fibronectin type III domains, a 22 aa transmembrane sequence, and a 705 aa cytoplasmic domain that contains two phosphatase domains, D1 and D2. (rndsystems.com)
  • Exploring molecular determinants of polysaccharide lyase family 6-1 enzyme activity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Aptamers are short nucleic acid sequences capable of specific, high-affinity molecular binding. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Animal's and microorganisms' secretions, as well as plant extracts, have been used as folk medicine since the dawn of the humanity [ 1 ].Therefore, molecules found in poisons and venoms are interesting, once they were selected by evolution to act in their molecular targets with high specificity [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, the development of with food (in particular dietary fibre, comprising more than 100 trillion mi- molecular tools and subsequently of enabling energy harvest from oth- crobes living in the intestines, the next-generation sequencing enabled erwise indigestible dietary com- mouth, the skin, the vagina, and the richness of the intestinal ecosys- pounds), interacting with cells (in- elsewhere in the body. (who.int)
  • Molecular basis of Refsum disease: sequence variations in phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase (PHYH) and the PTS2 receptor (PEX7). (medscape.com)
  • Unusually, the predicted lipase displays ≈ 30% amino acid sequence identity to both feruloyl esterase and lipase of Aspergillus niger . (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results suggests that LipA is a novel lipolytic enzyme that possesses both lipase and acetylxylan esterase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Besides being the first heterologous expression and characterization of a gene coding for a lipase from A. alcalophilum , this report shows that LipA is very versatile exhibiting both acetylxylan esterase and lipase activities potentially useful for diverse industry sectors, and that tobacco is a suitable bioreactor for producing fungal proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The highest activity on triticale bran as sole carbon source was observed with the A. tubingensis T8.4 strain, which produced a type A ferulic acid esterase active against methyl p-coumarate, methyl ferulate and methyl sinapate. (inrae.fr)
  • The activity of the A. tubingensis ferulic acid esterase (AtFAEA) was inhibited twofold by glucose and induced twofold in the presence of maize bran. (inrae.fr)
  • For example in PNA-affinity chromatography the binding specificity of peanut agglutinin is used to isolate glycosylated molecules which have the sugar sequence Gal-β(1-3)-GalNAc. (wikipedia.org)
  • A small sample of DNA can be amplified many times, and its sequence, or arrangement of molecules, can be determined quickly with modern tools. (rdworldonline.com)
  • SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase pfkB family. (linuxfocus.org)
  • Interestingly, Bs PdaC shares higher sequence similarity with the peptidoglycan GlcNAc deacetylase Sp PgdaA than with other MurNAc deacetylases. (rcsb.org)
  • They are isolated via SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment), an evolutionary process that involves iterative rounds of selection and amplification before sequencing and aptamer characterization. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Additionally, autofluorescence or endogenous enzyme activity in target cells may give a false positive that could be misinterpreted as antibody binding. (genetex.com)
  • The optimum temperature for the enzyme was 40°C. The enzyme activity was found stable for 20 min. (scialert.net)
  • However, glutathione did not show any significant effect on enzyme activity. (scialert.net)
  • If genes provide the blueprint for life and proteins are the machines that do much of the work for cells, then carbohydrates that are linked to proteins are among the tools that enable cells to communicate with the outside world and each other. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Comparison of sequence data with the porcine BAC fingerprint map show that the cluster of genes resides in a 300 kb region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A hot desert hypolith metagenomic DNA sequence dataset was screened in-silico for genes annotated as acetyl xylan esterases (AcXEs). (inrae.fr)
  • The recent success gut microbial genes, obtained after has fantastic potential, it has only of faecal microbiota transplantation, sequencing whole faecal microbiota been about 10 years since the sci- especially in the context of Clostridi- metagenomes from 124 European indi- entific community first realized its im- um difficile infection, argues for such viduals [4]. (who.int)
  • In 2014, the MetaHIT consortium by bacteria of the genera Lacto- alytical method used: 66 from 16S published an integrated catalogue bacillus , Prevotella , and Sneathia , rDNA sequencing [11] or 57 from of 10 million bacterial genes de- whereas for infants delivered by whole-metagenome sequencing [5]. (who.int)
  • A total of 1,194 potential lactic acid bacterium (LAB) isolates were tentatively grouped and identified by repetitive element sequence-based PCR, followed by sequence-based identification using 16S rRNA and pheS genes from a selection of genotypically unique LAB isolates. (who.int)
  • In collaboration with several research groups, the synthetic HS-oligosaccharides are also employed as standards to develop mass spectrometry (MS)-based sequencing methods. (uga.edu)
  • The signal peptide of the precursor is removed by intramolecular autoproteolytic cleavage, producing a two-chain heterodimer and liberating the N-terminal nucleophilic Thr responsible for hydrolytic activity. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • The resulting sequences were submitted to functional annotation against non-redundant NCBI database and Database of Anuran Defense Peptide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • University scientists have described the first chip- based chemical strategy for rapidly screening carbohydrates for biologically useful activity. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Non-specific binding of primary antibodies may occur due to either binding of antibody to Fc receptors or non-specific interactions with cellular proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates. (genetex.com)
  • Given the availability of 3D structures of these homologous proteins, the prediction of PAG structure from its amino acid sequence at high confidence levels is implicit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although hundreds of heparan sulfate binding proteins have been identified, and implicated in a myriad of physiological and pathological processes, very little information is known about ligand requirements for binding and mediating biological activities by these proteins. (uga.edu)
  • We identified SFR8 using recombination‐based mapping and whole‐genome sequencing. (megazyme.com)
  • Besides, L145I/S272T also remarkably diminished the hydrolysis activity toward the transglycosylation product EVG compared to Agl2. (researchsquare.com)
  • To address the question of specificity for the allele encoding the Na V 1.4-R669H variant as a cause of HypoPP and to produce a model system in which to characterize functional defects of the mutant channel and susceptibility to paralysis, we generated knockin mice carrying the ortholog of the gene encoding the Na V 1.4-R669H variant (referred to herein as R669H mice). (jci.org)
  • We have therefore sequenced additional S. enterica O antigen gene clusters to provide information for the development of DNA-based serotyping methods. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The O antigen cluster of a Salmonella serogroup O41 isolate had a lower level of identity with E. coli O123 over only part of its O antigen DNA cluster sequence, suggesting a different and more complex evolution of this gene cluster than those in the O58 strains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The E. coli O123 O-antigenic polysaccharide and its repeating unit were characterized, and the chemical structure for E. coli O123 was entirely consistent with the O antigen gene cluster sequences of E. coli O123 and the Salmonella O58 isolates. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Available Structures of peanut agglutinin Because peanut agglutinin specifically binds a particular carbohydrate sequence it finds use in a range of methods for cell biology and biochemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • He has published more than 150 scientific articles in the fields of carbohydrate biochemistry, glycobiology, allo- and xeno-transplantation, and regeneratvie medicine. (gu.se)
  • One remarkable characteristic of the MFS is the high sequence variety within the superfamily. (embl.de)
  • Thermostable pullulanase and α-amylase activity from Clostridium thermosulfurogenes SV9 optimization of culture conditions for enzyme production. (scialert.net)
  • The activity of Endo F2 is identical on biantennary structures with and without core fucosylation. (neb.com)
  • Endo F2 is typically used under non-denaturing (native) conditions, as denaturation is not necessary for optimal activity of the enzyme. (neb.com)
  • Concentrations of 0.5% SDS do not inhibit Endo F2 activity when used in the presence of 1% NP-40. (neb.com)
  • One Unit of endo -polygalacturonanase activity is defined as the amount of enzyme required to release one μmole of galacturonic acid from polygalacturonic acid (5 mg/mL) per min in sodium acetate buffer (100 mM), pH 5.5 at 40 o C. (megazyme.com)
  • Therefore, we used ligand-docking simulations to analyze the dual GlcNAc- and MurNAc-binding specificities of Bs PdaC and compared them with those of Sp PgdA and Bs PdaA, representing peptidoglycan deacetylases highly specific for GlcNAc or MurNAc residues, respectively. (rcsb.org)
  • Plant-produced recombinant LipA is active towards p -nitrophenol esters of various carbon chain lengths with peak activity on medium-chain fatty acid (C8). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Site specificity of the chorionic gonadotropin N-linked oligosaccharides in signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • This difficulty results from a lack of technology for establishing structure-activity-relationships, which in turn is due to the structural complexity of natural HS and difficulties of preparing well-defined HS-oligosaccharides. (uga.edu)
  • Chemical method makes further investigation of carbohydrates possible, Univ. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Monoclonals developed from these tumor antigens are in the initial phases of investigation with regard to their specificity and antitumor activity. (jcancer.org)
  • Structural basis of carbohydrate transfer activity of UDP-GalNAc: Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7. (nih.gov)
  • Carbohydrate de-N-acetylases acting on structural polysaccharides and glycoconjugates. (iqs.edu)
  • That was the unexpected finding," Amster said, "because based on the current understanding of biology, there is no known mechanism for controlling that type of specificity. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Role of carbohydrate of human chorionic gonadotropin in the mechanism of hormone action. (wikipedia.org)
  • An increase in serum phosphatase activity is associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism owing to chronic renal disease, rickets, and osteitis deformans juvenilia due to vitamin D deficiency and malabsorption or renal tubular dystrophies. (cdc.gov)
  • Only D1 has phosphatase activity. (rndsystems.com)
  • Because isotype control antibodies have no relevant specificity, they enable the researcher to distinguish non-specific "background" binding from antigen-specific antibody binding. (genetex.com)
  • Polyclonal serum antibodies bound multiple clusters but showed cluster-specific blockade activity in a surrogate virus neutralization assay. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibodies secreted by immortalized memory B cells (MBCs) from an infant GII.17 case were highly specific to GII.17 and exhibited blockade activity against this genotype. (cdc.gov)
  • A structure-activity relationship for the estimation of rate constants for the gasphase reactions of OH radicals with organic compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • These show important biological activities in development and in cancer, and we are optimistic that our sequencing approach will work here as well. (rdworldonline.com)
  • 2002). „Assessment of the in vitro and in vivo biological activities of the human follicle-stimulating isohormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transglycosylation activity of engineered Bifidobacterium lacto- N -biosidase mutants at donor subsites for lacto- N -tetraose synthesis. (iqs.edu)
  • Interestingly, the analysis also unveils that the carbohydrate binding module of the MgFae1 may play a key role in the diFA releasing ability of this enzyme. (inrae.fr)
  • Total RNA from the toad skin was extracted using TRizol reagent, sequenced in duplicate using Illumina Hiseq2500 in paired end analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, DGGE band sequence analysis demonstrated the presence of Acetobacter sp. (who.int)
  • Of course, simplicity is a relative term: the sugar is composed of up to 55 distinct carbohydrate rings, which means that there are 210 billion different sequence possibilities. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Michael Breimer started his research in the Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry isolating and structurally characterising blood group AB(O)H and related carbohydrate antigens. (gu.se)
  • Now that we have demonstrated that bikunin, a small chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, has sequence, we are moving on to larger, more structurally complex dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate proteoglycans," said study co-author Robert Linhardt, professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. (rdworldonline.com)
  • They are classified into 43 different families based on AMINO ACID SEQUENCE, binding specificity, and structure. (bvsalud.org)
  • In a paper published in the early online edition of the journal Nature Chemical Biology , however, a team of scientists from the University of Georgia and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute announced that it has, for the first time, determined the sequence and structure of a glycosaminoglycan, or GAG, proteoglycan. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Purchasers shall not, and agree not to enable third parties to, analyze, copy, reverse engineer or otherwise attempt to determine the structure or sequence of the product. (genetex.com)
  • 1987. The influence of physical activity in 1 ,2dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis in the rat. (cdc.gov)
  • In hepatic disease, an increase in ALP activity is generally accepted as an indication of biliary obstruction. (cdc.gov)
  • More than 68 percent had less than 5 copies of the IS sequence suggesting that our local M.tuberculosis strains have a fewer number of copies compared to data shown in most countries. (who.int)