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Protein-Serine-Threonine KinasesPhosphoprotein PhosphatasesPhosphorylationMolecular Sequence DataThreonineAmino Acid SequenceProtein Phosphatase 2Protein KinasesCasein Kinase IISerineCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesProtein Phosphatase 1Okadaic AcidCloning, MolecularSubstrate SpecificityBase SequenceRecombinant ProteinsSignal TransductionSequence Homology, Amino AcidOxazolesEnzyme ActivationEthers, CyclicCell LineEnzyme InhibitorsProtein Kinase CProto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1Phosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesProtein BindingDNA, ComplementaryPhosphothreoninep21-Activated KinasesPhosphoproteinsPhosphoserineProtein-Tyrosine KinasesProtein Kinase InhibitorsCatalytic DomainProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktMAP Kinase Signaling SystemProto-Oncogene ProteinsGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3Cells, CulturedTumor Cells, CulturedRNA, MessengerTransfectionDown-RegulationDeath-Associated Protein KinasesMAP Kinase Kinase KinasesGene ExpressionMutationProto-Oncogene Proteins c-rafAurora KinasesTyrosineBinding SitesActivin ReceptorsCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesAurora Kinase Asrc-Family KinasesSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMutagenesis, Site-DirectedReceptors, Transforming Growth Factor betaThreonine DehydrataseRibosomal Protein S6 KinasesProtein Structure, TertiaryMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase KinasesRecombinant Fusion ProteinsKineticsMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases3T3 CellsMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsIsoenzymesSerine EndopeptidasesApoptosisBlotting, WesternCell NucleusAurora Kinase CJNK Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesPrecipitin TestsCDC2 Protein KinaseMicrocystinsCOS Cellsrho-Associated KinasesCyclin-Dependent Kinase 5HeLa CellsMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3Casein KinasesImmunoprecipitationCyclin-Dependent KinasesTOR Serine-Threonine KinasesGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicMAP Kinase Kinase 1Cell Cycle ProteinsActivin Receptors, Type ISequence AlignmentCell Line, Tumor3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein KinasesPeptide MappingCatalysisReceptors, Growth Factor
Mitogen-activaMAPKSubunitMTORInhibitorsInhibitorRibosomalResiduesTyrosinePhosphorylates and inactivatesMetabolismEnzymePathwayMutationsRegulatesNucleotideGenesReceptorsSubstrateBiological processesResidueInhibitionProteasesPhosphoinositideReceptorHomologyGene encodesSignal transductionSignalingRegulatePhosphatasesFunctionAutophosphorylationCell motilityFamilyEncodesSymbolInteractionsCreative BioMartInactivatePathwaysInsulin
Mitogen-activa3
  • We now provide evidence that two growth-regulated, nucleus- and cytoplasm-localized protein kinases, 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase), contribute to the serum-induced phosphorylation of c-Fos. (nih.gov)
  • The secretion of inflammatory factors as well as the marker proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were detected by Western blot. (frontiersin.org)
  • SWCNT induced a significant activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), and the effect was inhibited by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. (cdc.gov)
MAPK4
  • Orthologous to human MAPKAPK2 (MAPK activated protein kinase 2). (nih.gov)
  • Proinflammatory Effect of Endothelial Microparticles Is Mitochondria Mediated and Modulated Through MAPKAPK2 (MAPK-Activated Protein Kinase 2) Leading to Attenuation of Cardiac Hypertrophy. (nih.gov)
  • The ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) is one of two mammalian p70-RSK proteins, acting as a downstream mediator of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and/or the Ras-MAPK pathway . (axonmedchem.com)
  • Erk3, also known as MAPK6 or p97 MAPK, is almost 50% identical to Erk1/2 at the kinase domain located in its amino-terminal region. (creativebiomart.net)
Subunit2
MTOR7
  • AKT proteins also participate in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway which controls the assembly of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4E) complex and this pathway, in addition to responding to extracellular signals from growth factors and cytokines, is disregulated in many cancers. (senescence.info)
  • Both rapamycin and RAD001 decreased the phosphorylation of mTOR at the serine 2448, a key determinant of mTOR activity. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine kinase involved in diverse cellular processes, including protein translation, mRNA turnover, and protein stability, mediates, at least in part, some of the biological actions of Akt. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The AKT3 protein is a key regulator of a chemical signaling pathway called the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This enhanced activity increases chemical signaling through the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, which causes excessive cell growth and division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These genetic changes increase the amount or activity of the AKT3 protein, which enhances chemical signaling through the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and causes excessive cell growth and division, particularly in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The resulting reduction in AKT3 protein activity likely decreases signaling through the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and restricts cell growth and division in the developing brain. (medlineplus.gov)
Inhibitors8
  • The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (cancerindex.org)
  • The two antibodies function as a capture-target-detection sandwich (#46835 and #79774, respectively) to detect endogenous protein expression in positive and negative controls (with or without phosphatase inhibitors). (cellsignal.com)
  • Development of Highly Potent and Selective Diaminothiazole Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases. (proteopedia.org)
  • Protease and phosphatase inhibitors are essential components of most cell lysis and protein extraction procedures. (thermofisher.com)
  • These inhibitors block or inactivate endogenous proteolytic and phospholytic enzymes that are released from subcellular compartments during cell lysis and would otherwise degrade proteins of interest and their activation states. (thermofisher.com)
  • In whole cells, protease and phosphatase activities are tightly regulated by compartmentalization or inhibitors to prevent indiscriminate damage to cellular proteins and to maintain proper function of signaling pathways. (thermofisher.com)
  • Protease and phosphatase inhibitors can be added to the lysis reagents in order to prevent degradation of extracted proteins, and to obtain the best possible protein yield and activity following cell lysis. (thermofisher.com)
  • Research experiments may necessitate the use of single inhibitors or customized mixtures, but most protein work is best served by using a suitable protease inhibitor cocktail . (thermofisher.com)
Inhibitor4
  • DNL151 is an orally available, brain-penetrant inhibitor of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). (alzforum.org)
  • Using a kinase inhibitor, we demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of MINK1 is involved in PRICKLE1-LL5β complex assembly and localization, as well as in cell migration. (hal.science)
  • Rather, a mixture or inhibitor cocktail of several different inhibitor compounds are used to ensure that protein extracts do not degrade before analysis for targets of interest. (thermofisher.com)
  • We present an overview of our prospective fibroblast-activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) registry study across a 3-y period, with head-to-head comparison of tumor uptake in 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET, as well as FAP immunohistochemistry. (bvsalud.org)
Ribosomal5
  • The p70 ribosomal S6 kinases (S6K) and p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK) are distinct families of Ser/Thr kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) that regulate diverse cellular processes by phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6). (axonmedchem.com)
  • 1] Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 Signaling Regulates Mammalian Life Span. (axonmedchem.com)
  • p90 ribosomal S6 kinase and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase link phosphorylation of the eukaryotic chaperonin containing TCP-1 to growth factor, insulin, and nutrient signaling. (axonmedchem.com)
  • Differentially expressed candidate genes for ageing previously identified in the human blood transcriptome up-regulated in PP cows were mainly associated with T-cell function ( CCR7 , CD27 , IL7R , CAMK4 , CD28 ), mitochondrial ribosomal proteins ( MRPS27 , MRPS9 , MRPS31 ), and DNA replication and repair ( WRN ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • P90 ribosomal S6 kinases: A bona fide target for novel targeted anticancer therapies? (lu.se)
Residues5
  • Phosphorylation of serine residues on the IKB proteins by IKB kinases marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation and nuclear translocation of the NFKB complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mapk8 is a member of the MAP kinase group that is activated by dual phosphorylation at thr and tyr residues during exposure to stress such as UV irradiation. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Protein kinases catalyse the transfer of the gamma phosphate from nucleotide triphosphates (often ATP) to one or more amino acid residues in a protein substrate side chain, resulting in a conformational change affecting protein function. (embl.de)
  • Activated mTORC1 complex phosphorylates the transcription factor MAF1 on serine residues S60, S68 and S75 (Shor et al. (reactome.org)
  • Phosphorylation is the most common post-translational modification on proteins, with approximately 80% occurring on serine, 20% on threonine, and 0.1 to 1% on tyrosine residues. (thermofisher.com)
Tyrosine3
  • 2001 ), which can be activated by tyrosine kinase activity upstream through signal transduction (Oldenhof et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • AKT/PI3K forms a key component of many signalling pathways that involve the binding of membrane-bound ligands such as receptor tyrosine kinases, G-protein coupled receptors, and integrin-linked kinase. (senescence.info)
  • Known phosphatases are specific for cleavage of either serine-threonine or tyrosine phosphate groups. (thermofisher.com)
Phosphorylates and inactivates1
  • GSK-3 is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase. (cellsignal.com)
Metabolism3
  • These AKT proteins therefore regulate a wide variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis in both normal and malignant cells. (senescence.info)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell polarity and energy metabolism and functions as a tumor suppressor. (nih.gov)
  • This action results in reactivation of AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE activity and downstream signaling aimed at decreased metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
Enzyme7
  • TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) is an enzyme with kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase A Raf (Proto Oncogene A Raf or Proto Oncogene Pks or ARAF or EC 2.7.11.1) - Serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ARAF gene. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified as an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis in response to insulin (1). (cellsignal.com)
  • Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. (embl.de)
  • We recently reported that raised activity of the glycosylating enzyme core 2 β 1,6- N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GlcNAc-T) through protein kinase C (PKC)β2-dependent phosphorylation plays a fundamental role in increased leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and capillary occlusion in retinopathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These effects of diabetic plasma on enzyme activity and cell adhesion, mediated by PKCβ2-dependent phosphorylation of the core 2 GlcNAc-T protein, were found to be triggered by increased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Levels of enzyme activity in plasma-treated U937 cells were closely dependent on the severity of diabetic retinopathy, with the highest values observed upon treatment with plasma of patients affected by proliferative retinopathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
Pathway4
  • In the canonical NFkB pathway, the NF-kappa-B (NFKB) complex of proteins is inhibited by I-kappa-B (IKB) proteins, which inactivate NFKB by trapping it in the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • This kinase can be recruited to vesicle tubular clusters (VTCs) by direct interaction with the small GTPase RAB2, where this kinase phosphorylates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD/GAPDH) and plays a role in microtubule dynamics in the early secretory pathway. (nih.gov)
  • GSK-3 is a critical downstream element of the PI3K/Akt cell survival pathway whose activity can be inhibited by Akt-mediated phosphorylation at Ser21 of GSK-3α and Ser9 of GSK-3β (2,3). (cellsignal.com)
  • Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with MAPK4 were listed below. (creativebiomart.net)
Mutations5
  • Deregulation of TBK1 activity and mutations in this protein are associated with many diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • A classic example is the heat shock protein system, particularly Hsp90 , whose expression is environmentally plastic and increases under thermal stress, but buffers phenotypic changes induced by mutations to maintain homeostasis 2 , a process termed canalization 3 . (nature.com)
  • Kinase-activating mutations in the LRRK2 gene are the most frequent cause of inherited PD (reviewed in Schneider and Alcalay, 2020 ). (alzforum.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Each of the known mutations changes a single protein building block (amino acid) in the AKT3 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Regulates1
  • MK2 Regulates Macrophage Chemokine Activity and Recruitment to Promote Colon Tumor Growth. (nih.gov)
Nucleotide1
  • We show that one of these single nucleotide polymorphisms is within a binding site for E4BP4 and increases RIPK1 promoter activity and RIPK1 gene expression in adipose tissue. (neurosciencenews.com)
Genes2
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
Receptors1
  • Noted for activating Smad signaling cascades through interactions with a conserved family of cell surface serine/threonine-specific protein kinase receptors, the complexity of TGF-β signaling has been demonstrated through the additional regulation of physiological processes by TGF-β Superfamily Ligand through non-canonical pathways, and the activation of signaling molecules other than Smad proteins. (peprotech.com)
Substrate3
  • Substrate-based kinase activity inference identifies MK2 as driver of colitis. (nih.gov)
  • DNL151 dose-dependently reduced LRRK2 kinase activity by up to 80 percent, based on measuring phosphorylation of LRRK2 and its substrate pRab10 in blood. (alzforum.org)
  • To exclude potential indirect targets of PKA, we built a computational model to characterize the kinase sequence specificity toward the substrate target site based on known kinase-substrate relationships. (nih.gov)
Biological processes1
Residue1
Inhibition1
  • Inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK) and IKK-related kinases, IKBKE (IKKε) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), has been investigated as a therapeutic option for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer, and a way to overcome resistance to cancer immunotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
Proteases2
  • Disruption of cellular and tissue architecture during protein extraction distorts the in vivo state by making all proteins potentially accessible for degradation or modification by endogenous proteases and phosphatases. (thermofisher.com)
  • The thrombolytic agents available today are serine proteases that work by converting plasminogen to the natural fibrinolytic agent plasmin. (medscape.com)
Phosphoinositide1
Receptor1
  • Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a central regulator of inflammatory cell function that coordinates inflammation, apoptosis and necroptosis in response to inflammatory stimuli. (neurosciencenews.com)
Homology1
  • These highly similar AKT proteins all have an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, a serine/threonine-specific kinase domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain. (senescence.info)
Gene encodes2
  • This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes one of the three members of the human AKT serine-threonine protein kinase family which are often referred to as protein kinase B alpha, beta, and gamma. (senescence.info)
Signal transduction1
  • Mathematical modeling of signal transduction networks has previously been used to map out thermodynamical using rate equations is increasingly attracting attention as a properties of protein-folding models (6,7). (lu.se)
Signaling5
  • This study suggests a role for nuclear RSK and MAP kinase in modulating newly synthesized c-Fos phosphorylation and downstream signaling. (nih.gov)
  • The RSK family of kinases: emerging roles in cellular signaling. (axonmedchem.com)
  • Encompassing a plethora of growth, differentiation and morphogenic factors, the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Superfamily is comprised of signaling proteins that have been universally conserved throughout the animal kingdom and presently consists of over forty members, the likes of which include: TGF-β isoforms, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth differentiation factors (GDFs), activins, and inhibins. (peprotech.com)
  • Given the intricacies and significance associated with the activities of TGF-β Superfamily proteins, the impairment of proper signaling has been understandably connected to a variety of clinical indications, such as tumor cell growth, fibrosis, skeletal defects, and autoimmune disease. (peprotech.com)
  • This signaling influences many critical cell functions, including the creation (synthesis) of new proteins, cell growth and division (proliferation), and the survival of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Regulate3
  • This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
  • AGC kinase proteins are characterised by three conserved phosphorylation sites that critically regulate their function. (embl.de)
  • The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
Phosphatases2
Function2
  • The resulting unregulated proteolytic activity can reduce protein yield and function. (thermofisher.com)
  • These changes are described as "gain-of-function" because they increase the activity of the protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Autophosphorylation1
  • The autophosphorylation of serine 172, which requires homodimerization and ubiquitinylation of lysines 30 and 401, is necessary for kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
Cell motility1
  • PRICKLE1 is phosphorylated by the serine/threonine kinase MINK1 and contributes to TNBC cell motility and invasiveness. (hal.science)
Family4
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) consist of a family of protein-serine/protein-threonine kinases followed by proline, prevalent in mammals (Pearson et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • The AGC (cAMP-dependent, cGMP-dependent and protein kinase C) protein kinase family embraces a collection of protein kinases that display a high degree of sequence similarity within their respective kinase domains. (embl.de)
  • RAF kinases are a family of three serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that are related to retroviral oncogenes. (rafsignaling.com)
Encodes1
  • However, Erk3 is distinguished from other MAP kinases in that it lacks the conserved TXY motif in its activation loop, poss Encodes a nuclear and cytoplasmically localized MAP kinase involved in mediating responses to pathogens. (creativebiomart.net)
Symbol1
Interactions2
  • STRING - Known and Predicted Protein-Protein Interactions. (cellsignal.com)
  • No yeast two-hybrid interactions found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)
Creative BioMart1
Inactivate1
  • This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)
Pathways1
Insulin1
  • Mapk8 activity is also abnormally elevated in obesity and removal of Mapk8 results in decreased adiposity and significantly improved insulin sensitivity. (creativebiomart.net)