Promoter activity of the 5'-flanking region of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) early protein 0 (EP0) gene was analysed by transient transfection assays employing chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter constructs. (elsevierpure.com)
The rat glycoprotein hormone LHβ-subunit promoter, linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene, was used to follow its activation. (tau.ac.il)
Acetyltransferase1
A stable cellular marker for the analysis of mouse chimeras: the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene driven by the human elongation factor 1 alpha promoter. (aitzol.com)
Cotransfection1
Cotransfection of the LHβ-promoter and the constitutively active form of Raf-1 stimulated basal and GnRH-A-induced LHβ-CAT activity. (tau.ac.il)
Aminoglycoside1
Combining a cell wall-active agent such as ampicillin or vancomycin with an aminoglycoside may result in synergistic bactericidal activity against enterococci. (medscape.com)
Reporter5
We identified a 213 bp segment of the viral genome that was capable of efficiently driving expression of the EP0 gene and a linked reporter gene upon transient transfection into Vero cells. (elsevierpure.com)
The expression of the ice nucleation gene inaZ from Pseudomonas syringae in Zymomonas mobilis strains under the control of three different promoters was investigated to establish the utility of the gene as a reporter and examine the possible use of the organism as a source of ice nuclei for biotechnological applications. (moam.info)
However, several other routine methods and tools for molecular genetic investigations, including the use of reporter genes for analysis of gene transcription and promoter function, have not yet been developed in Z. mobilis. (moam.info)
this gene is a very useful reporter in other gram-negative bacteria because its activity can be measured by a very sensitive assay ($105-fold more sensitive than conventional reporters such as b-galactosidase) and its expression can be quantified by very simple methods, such as a droplet-freezing assay (6, 22, 9). (moam.info)
fusion gene was constructed, with the clpQ + Y + promoter fused to a lacZ reporter gene. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
Transcriptional2
Of note, we observed that MAPCAs differentially express several genes at much higher levels than either PA or aorta.MAPCAs differ from PA or aorta by significantly altered levels in gene expression, suggesting a transcriptional basis for their physiology that will guide a further understanding of the pathobiology of MAPCAs and TOF. (stanford.edu)
op), a transcriptional fusion gene, was used to form lysogens in the wild-type, rpoH or/and rpoS mutants. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
40 Open group genes with progression toward disease.Failure of AV to close initiates an extensive response characterized by expression changes common to progression to calcific aortic valve disease. (stanford.edu)
We compared expression differences between pairs of the three vessels to determine whether MAPCAs display distinct expression patterns.Functional clustering analysis identified differences in gene expression, which were further analyzed by gene ontology classification. (stanford.edu)
Expression differences among vessel types were observed for multiple gene classes. (stanford.edu)
We have investigated the expression of an ice nucleation gene, inaZ, originally cloned from Pseudomonas syringae (5), in Z. mobilis for two reasons. (moam.info)
The activated RR binds to the promoters of the target genes, ultimately leading to coordinated changes in global gene expression profiles [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphorylated PhoQ transfers the phosphate to PhoP, and activated PhoP further regulates the expression of downstream genes (PhoP regulon). (biomedcentral.com)
Presynaptic regions (Zone 2 and its translation is activated by the Prab-3 promoter is expressed panneuronally to induce expression of F-actin required for germline development in Drosophila. (sophieluis.com)
Escherichia2
The apparent strengths of all three promoters, measured by quantifying the ice nucleation activity at 29&C, were lower in Z. mobilis than in Escherichia coli. (moam.info)
Plasmid vectors have been developed, mutants can be isolated by various mutagenic treatments, and various genes have been cloned in heterologous hosts such as Escherichia coli (17). (moam.info)
MRNA2
Both glucose and GLP-1 stimulate insulin promoter activity, stabilize proinsulin mRNA, and increase proinsulin biosynthesis ( 14 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Currently there is intense interest to define the mechanism of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in regulating β-cell function, including insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
Glucose and GLP-1 also synergistically activated NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells)-mediated transcription from a minimal promoter construct containing tandem NFAT consensus sequences. (diabetesjournals.org)
These data suggest that the synergistic action of glucose and GLP-1 to promote insulin gene transcription is mediated through NFAT via PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
The rate of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells is regulated by a complex integration of signals derived from nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters ( 1 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
NFAT binds to three distinct NFAT elements within the rat I insulin promoter and activates insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
Two signaling pathways arising from glucose metabolism converge to activate NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
One pathway results from the direct effect of increased [Ca 2+ ] i , which activates calcineurin, and in turn, it upregulates insulin gene transcription via NFAT. (diabetesjournals.org)
The second pathway also involves glucose metabolism but appears to be driven by glucose-derived factors that target insulin gene transcription independently of [Ca 2+ ] i . (diabetesjournals.org)
Activates2
Glucose metabolism activates this pathway by means of increasing [Ca 2+ ] i via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) by affecting the electrical activity of the cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
In contrast, the Fushi Tarazu homeodomain protein is an activator, both in cultured cells and in Drosophila embryos, where it activates several known target genes, including its own gene. (biologists.com)
Vitro1
In addition, we demonstrate that the β clamp stimulates the processivity of Pol I in vitro and that β159 is impaired for this activity. (asm.org)
Operon1
Secondly, the compromised phenotypes of phoP mutant were not reverted by complementing an intact phoP gene, but were partially restored by complementing a phoPQ operon. (biomedcentral.com)
Significantly1
The levels of ice nucleation activity expressed under the Ppdc promoter were significantly higher than those obtained with the two heterologous promoters in Z. mobilis. (moam.info)
Mechanism1
c-Src participates also in LHβ-promoter activation by a mechanism which might be linked to ERK and JNK activation. (tau.ac.il)
Vivo3
gene fusion was nearly identical to the clpQ + Y + transcript under the in vivo condition. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
This is confirmed by showing that the in vivo activity of EFE depends on a domain that is required for active repression in culture. (biologists.com)
A derivative that lacks this domain, while it cannot repress the endogenous fushi tarazu gene, can still reduce the activity of the fushi tarazu autoregulatory enhancer, suggesting that it competes with endogenous Fushi Tarazu for binding sites in vivo. (biologists.com)
Biological activities1
Moreover, antiradical activity, one of the typical biological activities of flavonoids, in propolis was also slightly higher than that in its botanical origin. (propoleo.cl)
Bactericidal1
The organosulfur compounds of garlic exhibit a range of antibacterial properties such as bactericidal, antibiofilm, antitoxin, and anti-quorum sensing activity against a wide range of bacteria including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. (frontiersin.org)
Mutant1
Plasmid pCG4521 (RK2 replicon) gave much lower levels of ice nucleation activity when propagated in strain uvs-51, a plasmid instability mutant of Z. mobilis, compared with the wild-type strain. (moam.info)
Region1
containing a point mutation in the -10 promoter region for RpoH binding, showed decreased βGal activity, independent of activation by RpoH. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
Transcripts1
Depending on the organism and availability, mt-tRNA Val or mt-tRNA Phe are incorporated, most likely due to their genomic proximity to mt-rRNA genes and consequent near stoichiometric presence of their transcripts 4 , 8 . (nature.com)
Target2
Normal Fushi Tarazu target genes are affected as they are in fushi tarazu mutants. (biologists.com)
One such target gene is repressed by EFE even where Fushi Tarazu is not expressed, suggesting that the repression is active. (biologists.com)
Dominant2
The dominant negative forms of the ERK cascade members Ras, Raf-1, and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) markedly reduced basal and GnRH-A-induced LHβ-CAT activity, Similar results were obtained with the MEK inhibitor PD 098059. (tau.ac.il)
The dominant negative forms of the JNK cascade members Rac, CDC42, and SEK markedly diminished basal and GnRH-A-induced LHβ-CAT activity. (tau.ac.il)
Analysis1
Analysis of the ice nucleation spectra revealed that the cell pellets contained both ''warm'' and ''cold'' nuclei, while the culture supernatant contained primarily cold nuclei, suggesting that the cold nucleus activity may be extracellular. (moam.info)
Results1
In the present work we reported the synthesis, characterization, and biological activity results of a copper mixed complex (see Figure 1 ), with hsm and nalidixic acid. (hindawi.com)
Levels1
Administration of paclitaxel and propolis effectively suppressed breast cancer, which is revealed by the decrease in the extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) with concomitant increase in the activities of enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and non-enzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), Vitamin C and Vitamin E) levels when compared to breast cancer-bearing animals treated with either paclitaxel or propolis alone. (propoleo.cl)
Critical1
By analysing 5'-deletion mutants of the segment, a 48 bp segment (from nucleotide positions -65 to - 17), which possessed three Sp1 binding sites, was identified to be critical for the promoter activity. (elsevierpure.com)
Depend1
However, mitoribosome biogenesis does not depend on the methyltransferase activity of MRM2. (nature.com)
Increase2
In this study, GLP-1 (100 nmol/l), in the presence of glucose (11 mmol/l), induced a ∼71-fold increase in insulin gene promoter activity in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, an effect that was an order of magnitude larger than with either stimulant alone. (diabetesjournals.org)
Addition of GnRH-A (10 nM) to LβT-2 cells resulted in a 6-fold increase in LHβ-CAT activity at 8 h, which was markedly reduced by a GnRH antagonist. (tau.ac.il)
Cell1
The role of ERK and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in basal- and GnRH-stimulated LHβ-promoter activity was examined in the gonadotroph cell line LβT-2. (tau.ac.il)
Sites1
Furthermore, two-point base pair mutations in any of the three identified NFAT sites within the rat insulin I promoter resulted in a significant reduction in the combined effect of glucose and GLP-1. (diabetesjournals.org)