• activation resulted in up-regulation of synthesis and release of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and enhanced transwell migration ofU937monocytic cells or primary mononuclear cells. (ntu.edu.tw)
  • On the chorioallantoic membrane the 9E3 protein is chemotactic for monocyte/macrophages and lymphocytes and is angiogenic. (bvsalud.org)
  • These alterations include multinucleation and the expression by infected cells of mRNA for factors required for osteoclastogenesis: the chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 gamma (MIP-1? (edu.au)
  • Mechanistically, DIS not only decreased the expressions of inflammatory factors including IL‑1β, NOD‑like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, IL‑6, TNF‑α and IL‑18 but also reduced the level of phosphorylation of NF‑κB p65 in vivo and in vitro , which was similar to the impact of Bay11‑7082. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Treatment of HCEpiC with 1 ng/ml IL-1β for 18 h significantly increased release of the cytokines/chemokines granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), while hyperosmolarity-induced release of IL-6 and MCP-1. (molvis.org)
  • NF-κB activation by fluid flow, leading to expression of target genes such as E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, may regulate early monocyte recruitment and fatty streak formation. (rupress.org)
  • The present study identified TRIM28 as a promoter of chemokine-driven recruitment of MDSCs through RIPK1-mediated NF-κB activation, leading to the suppression of infiltrating activated CD8 + T cells and the development of anti-PD-1 resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using primary fibroblasts in culture, we have investigated the signal transduction mechanisms by which phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters, activate the 9E3 gene and its chemokine product the chicken chemotactic and angiogenic factor. (bvsalud.org)
  • VPF In this review I discuss the factors that lie upstream of the NF-κB cascade that are activated during tumorigenesis and the role of the putative NF-κB enhanceosome in constitutive chemokine gene transcription during tumorigenesis. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Chemokines regulate the transport activation and sometimes proliferation of several cell types including myeloid lymphoid GW788388 endothelial and epithelial cells1 2 There are four chemokine subfamilies - CXC C CX3C and CC - based on the positions of conserved cysteine residues near the amino terminus of the proteins1 (TABLE 1). (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • The transcription of chemokine genes is often inhibited by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and glucocorticoids1. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • In part the endogenous transcription of chemokine genes in melanoma cells is due to altered NF-κB activation. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Tumour angiogenesis growth and metastasis are facilitated by the NF-κB-modulated transcription of chemokine genes. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
  • C-C motif chemokine ligand 26 (CCL26) acts as a potent chemotactic agent of eosinophils and is overproduced in the nasal mucosa and lavage fluid of AR patients. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
  • Transfection of either miR-inhibitor-206-3p or miR-inhibitor-381-3p in macrophages induced chemokine CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL8 transcription, whereas FK506 attenuated the miR-inhibitor-206-3p or miR-inhibitor-381-3p-mediated effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Finally, MDI-GSH conjugate treated macrophages showed increased chemotactic ability to various immune cells, which may be attenuated by FK506.In conclusion, these results indicate that MDI exposure to macrophages/BALCs may recruit immune cells into the airway via induction of chemokines by miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p-mediated calcineurin signaling activation. (cdc.gov)
  • At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Of these genes, four [tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), growth regulatory oncogene beta (GRObeta), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (GCP-2)] were all found to be constitutively overexpressed in synoviocytes derived from patients with osteoarthritis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, the increase in Ca2+ level also leads to activation of certain transcription factors which induces pro-inflammatory cytokines transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also explore the potential aetiologies of the lymphopenia associated with severe COVID-19: the virus' expanded tropism, elevated serum cytokines (particularly interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α), and excessive lymphocyte recruitment to the lungs. (ersjournals.com)
  • of transcription of genes that encode cytokines chemokines adhesion factors and inhibitors of apoptosis. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • they are often expressed in response to the induction of expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by cytokines or other stimuli. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • As a result of the activation, elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines contributes to the inflammation of the brain. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Neutrophils respond to multiple signals and respond by producing several cytokines and other inflammatory factors that influence and regulate inflammation and also the immune systemOnce neutrophils have left the circulation and passed through the endothelium, they migrate towards inflamed tissue along a chemotactic gradient. (assignmentexpert.com)
  • EGCG, as well as JAK/STAT inhibitors Tofacitinib and AG490, all prevented the increase in chemotactic response to cytokines and growth factors originating from mature adipocytes. (nipponkaigi-tokyo.com)
  • However, intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs did not change the intraocular level of these inflammation cytokines. (molvis.org)
  • The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Progression of this disease occurs due to a combination of factors, including the presence of periodontopathic bacteria, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), low levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines including inter- leukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor (TGF- β ) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) (2,3). (bvsalud.org)
  • A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERFERONS . (lookformedical.com)
  • In human nasal mucosa epithelial cells, interleukin-13 enhanced SOX11 expression in a time-dependent manner, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) was involved in the interleukin-13-mediated expression of SOX11 by regulating transcription. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
  • In cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts, which have many of the properties of wound fibroblasts, the gene is stimulated by a variety of agents including oncogenes, growth factors, phorbol esters, and thrombin. (bvsalud.org)
  • Differential gene expression was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry using a variety of synovial fibroblasts, including cells from patients with osteoarthritis and self-limiting parvovirus arthritis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The origins of the fibroblasts and their activation remain debated and are probably multiple ( fig. 1 ) [ 8 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • 9 In lung fibroblasts, expression of IL-13-induced inflammation-related factors (such as CCL26) was downregulated by silencing SOX11. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
  • This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Moreover, the elevated Ca2+ level also leads to arachidonic acid enzymatic pathway activation, contributing to the release of lipid mediators. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mechanistically, we demonstrated that TRIM28 could physically interact with receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and promote K63-linked ubiquitination of RIPK1, which is crucial for sustaining activation of the NF-κB pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expressions of inflammatory factors and NF‑κB pathway proteins were detected by immunofluorescence, ELISA, western blotting and RT‑qPCR. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Detection of viral RNA via RIG-I has suggested the activation of NF-κB pathway in the infected neurons. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Still, there are some minor PKA-independent functions of cAMP, e.g., activation of calcium channels , providing a minor pathway by which growth hormone-releasing hormone causes a release of growth hormone . (wikipedia.org)
  • Activation of the Erk pathway is required for TGF-beta1-induced EMT in vitro. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Ligation of integrin α2β1 on collagen prevents flow-induced NF-κB activation through a p38-dependent pathway that is activated locally at adhesion sites. (rupress.org)
  • Receptors for leukocyte chemoattractants, including chemokines, are traditionally considered to be responsible for the activation of special leukocyte functions such as chemotaxis, degranulation, and the release of superoxide anions. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This constitutive expression of chemokines occurs due to transcriptional activation of the encoding genes. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Apart from the regulation of the bodys energy balance, factors secreted from adipose tissue in obesity play key roles in the modulation of metabolic processes, insulin sensitivity and immunological responses [40], and are believed to provide protumorigenic chemokines to promote breast cancer progression [41]. (nipponkaigi-tokyo.com)
  • Effects of EGCG on nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional activity were assessed by reporter gene assay. (molvis.org)
  • Host cell signalases and viral encodes proteases would accomplish the processing of poly-protein and give rise to three structural proteins that includes core (C), preMembrane (prM) and envelop (E) and seven non-structural proteins NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5 which are responsible for the replication, viral transcription and also involves in alteration of host immune responses [3,4] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • The functional maturation of dormant pro-proteins is catalyzed by the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin (PCSK) enzymes (PCSK1-2, FURIN, PCSK5-7, membrane-bound transcription factor site 1, PCSK9) [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Protein kinase A can also phosphorylate specific proteins that bind to promoter regions of DNA, causing increases in transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1998 a family of cAMP-sensitive proteins with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity was discovered. (wikipedia.org)
  • Below is a small sample of the many proteins, growth factors, transcription factors it contains. (plurisomes.com)
  • This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)
  • The underlying signaling pathways appear to be different from those utilized by TNF-alpha, a better characterized cytokine that induces the transcription of immediate-early genes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Describe two major pathways activated by insulin and the signalling mechanisms undermining their activation? (assignmentexpert.com)
  • Chemotaxis response was found to be significantly induced by the secretome of differentiated adipocytes when compared to that of undifferentiated adipocytes, and this required the activation of the AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways. (nipponkaigi-tokyo.com)
  • Recent mechanistic insights into the trophic activities of these cells point to ultimate regulation by nitric oxide, nuclear factor-kB, and indoleamine, among other signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES , and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways. (lookformedical.com)
  • Discussion Proteomic determination of factors expressed by tumor cells and host stromal cells, either inherently or because of tumor additional info host interactions, has been shown to become helpful in elucidating molecular pathways of tumor development, invasion and metastasis. (mi-rna.com)
  • Blood proteomics reflected activation of inflammation-inhibiting pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to secreting inflammatory mediators that exacerbate tissue injury, they also encourage fibroblast activation and accumulation of ECM ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This leads to the recruitment and activation of several tyrosine kinases, a type of enzyme that phosphorylates protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dysfunctional endothelium is a key factor in atherosclerosis that favors the increase of the expression of chemotactic and adhesion molecules (such as, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, ICAM1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, VCAM1, as well as E-selectin and P-selectin) and enhanced recruitment and accumulation of monocytes [ 6 , 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Induction of c-sis mRNA and activity similar to platelet-derived growth factor by transforming growth factor beta: a proposed model for indirect mitogenesis involving autocrine activity. (academicinfluence.com)
  • The expression of glucosyltransferases and activation of VICs (nuclear localization of RelA) were detected in a rat model of experimental endocarditis. (ntu.edu.tw)
  • regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted' (RANTES) and the transcription factor 'nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1' (NFATc1). (edu.au)
  • Then, cells were respectively treated with DIS (3.125, 6.25, 12.5 µM) and Bay11‑7082 (an inhibitor of NF‑κB p65 nuclear transcription, 1 µM) for another 24 h. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Transcription factors, such as NF kappa B and AP-1, are activated upon stimulation of the cells with several chemoattractants at physiologically relevant concentrations. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Using a luciferase reporter system, we show that although both the AP-1 and PDRIIkB (a NFkappaB-like factor in chickens) response elements are capable of activation in these normal cells, regions of the 9E3 promoter containing them are unresponsive to PDBu stimulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and functional studies using PathDetect systems show that stimulation of the cells by phorbol esters leads to activation of the Elk1 transcription factor, which binds to its element in the 9E3 promoter. (bvsalud.org)
  • The additional application of a bone marrow aspirate (BMA) to the procedure of marrow stimulation is thought to enhance cartilage repair as it may provide both an additional cell population capable of chondrogenesis and a source of growth factors stimulating cartilage repair. (hindawi.com)
  • In the orthopaedic field, additional application of a bone marrow aspirate (BMA) to the procedure of marrow stimulation has been recently studied, since the bone marrow itself is both a source of MSCs, providing a cell population capable of chondrogenesis and of various growth factors stimulating cartilage repair [ 7 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, co-expression with constitutively active EhG(alpha)1 and EhRacC lead to EhRGS-RhoGEF activation in cells. (unc.edu)
  • Its roles include regulation of proliferation, promotion of immune system and activation of apoptosis in B cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Growth inhibitor from BSC-1 cells closely related to platelet type beta transforming growth factor. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Transforming growth factor production by chemically transformed cells. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Furthermore, altering the extracellular matrix to promote p38 activation in cells on fibronectin suppresses NF-κB activation, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for treating atherosclerosis. (rupress.org)
  • Consequently, these kinase activation contributes to intracellular Ca2+ influx after a series of reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • A highly immunogenic tumor transfected with a murine transforming growth factor type beta 1 cDNA escapes immune surveillance. (academicinfluence.com)
  • To investigate the correlations between aqueous concentrations of interleukin 1β, 6, 8, 10, 12p (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and the parameters of macular edema acquired by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with choroidal neovascularization. (molvis.org)
  • However, in addition to anti-VEGF pharmacotherapy, intravitreal administered anti-inflammatory substances, such as triamcinolone acetonide (TA) [ 11 - 13 ], a widely used anti-inflammatory drug, and infliximab [ 14 ], an antibody of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α), have also shown positive effects in treating CNV in patients and animal models. (molvis.org)
  • The acronym RANTES refers to Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted. (lookformedical.com)
  • Reversible inhibition of normal human prokeratinocyte proliferation by type beta transforming growth factor-growth inhibitor in serum-free medium. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Overexpression of wildtype or dominant negative EhG(alpha)1 in E. histolytica altered chemotactic migration, Matrigel transmigration, host cell attachment, and cell killing. (unc.edu)
  • The messenger RNA expression and methylation of Rho GTPases (RhoA, Rac1, DOCK180, ELMO1, and CDC42) were evaluated in H. pylori -negative (control) human gastric tissues and H. pylori -positive GCs by using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the quantitative MethyLight assay, respectively. (gutnliver.org)
  • In early culture, PSCs are polygonal in shape with abundant lipid droplets in the cytoplasm ( Figure 1B ) and express stellate cell selective markers such as desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, neural cell adhesion molecule, nerve growth factor, and synemin (34, 167). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Therefore, in the era of anti-VEGF, one may postulate that investigating the role of inflammatory factors in the development of CNV has become more prominent. (molvis.org)
  • Lastly, IL-21 also promotes activation of the STAT3 promoter and other transcriptional factors. (intechopen.com)
  • this decreased activity reflects homozygosity for variant alleles in which promoter mutations decrease but do not eliminate transcription. (bmj.com)
  • An interferon regulatory factor that binds upstream TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY ELEMENTS in the GENES for INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA . (lookformedical.com)
  • PHOSPHORYLATION of IRF-3 causes the protein to be translocated from the CYTOPLASM to CELL NUCLEUS where it binds DNA , and activates transcription. (lookformedical.com)
  • deletion and mutation of these elements abrogates 9E3/chicken chemotactic and angiogenic factor expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • An increase in expression of these factors was also observed after infection with Burkholderia thailandensis. (edu.au)
  • Transcriptomic studies linked EhG(alpha)1 expression and altered transcription and secretion of virulence factors. (unc.edu)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Seven genes have been identified with differential expression patterns in terms of disease process (osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis), state of activation (resting vs cytokine activation) and anatomical location (synovium vs skin). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, ADMSC differentiation into mature adipocytes has been validated by increased expression of PPAR and C/EBP, two transcription factors considered among the master regulators of this process [35]. (nipponkaigi-tokyo.com)
  • A family of transcription factors that share an N-terminal HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF and bind INTERFERON-inducible promoters to control GENE expression . (lookformedical.com)
  • CCC may be a good candidate for therapy with a mTOR inhibitor, as it is well known that loss of PTEN expression and consequent activation of AKT signaling end in hypersensitivity to mTOR inhibition. (deubiquitinase.com)
  • These MSC influences can range from relatively rare activities that require cell contact, such as mitochondrial transfer and cell fusion, to relatively common paracrine MSC actions through extracellular microvesicles or secreted factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Flow-induced NF-κB activation is downstream of conformational activation of integrins, resulting in new integrin binding to the subendothelial extracellular matrix and signaling. (rupress.org)
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), first discovered as a vasopermeability factor [ 4 ], has been reported to be associated with CNV. (molvis.org)
  • Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Recently, these G-protein-coupled serpentine receptors have been found to transduce signals leading to gene transcription and translation in leukocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • [1] Adenylate cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylate cyclase stimulatory G ( G s )-protein-coupled receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activation of suppressed immune system (IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (PHYSIOLOGY)) in immunotherapy by IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS often targets inhibitory checkpoint molecules. (bvsalud.org)
  • Currently increasing importance is attributed to the inflammatory process as a crucial factor responsible for the progressive damage to vascular walls and progression of atherosclerosis in obese people. (medsci.org)
  • The physiopathological process of ACS is the atherosclerosis, the build-up of an atherosclerotic plaque starts at lesion-prone areas in large- and medium-sized arteries where the endothelium is dysfunctional, induced by cardiovascular risk factors like chronic smoking, hypertension, and permeation of macromolecules such as lipoproteins to the intima layer [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Standard curves or absolute RNA quantification were included in every assay and were generated by using RNA transcripts produced by in vitro transcription of cDNA that included the real time qPCR assay amplicons. (cdc.gov)
  • In the present investigation, we examined the activation status of mTOR both in early stage and high level stage CCC, and we decided whether RAD001 has anti-neoplastic effectiveness in both in vitro and in vivo models of CCC. (deubiquitinase.com)
  • Transforming growth factor-beta1 mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation through a RhoA-dependent mechanism. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Targeting oncogenic transcription factors by polyphenols has recently been inferred [45], and inhibition of JAK/STAT3 transducing events by EGCG has been reported in numerous cancers [46,47,48]. (nipponkaigi-tokyo.com)
  • 1-3 Diagnosis of GS generally requires a plasma bilirubin of 20 µM or above-alternatively, 1.2 mg/dL-but this diagnosis is not entirely objective, as non-genetic factors such as fasting status, gastrointestinal motility, enterohepatic bilirubin reabsorption/secretion and degree of light exposure can cause bilirubin levels to vary considerably over time. (bmj.com)
  • Initiation of dauer recovery, by exposure to food, restored Na+ attraction, suggesting that chemotactic sensitivity to this attractant is impeded by the dauer's cuticular features, such as the the buccal plug. (wormatlas.org)
  • The components of the innate immunity implement the recognition and elimination of microbes through a complex machinery involving factors that require a post-translational proteolytic activation step to perform their effector functions. (oncotarget.com)
  • Kidney tissues were collected for histopathology staining, western blotting, immunohistochemistry staining and reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q) PCR. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Asthma triggers are factors or stimuli that provoke the exacerbation of asthma symptoms or increase the degree of airflow disruption, which can lead to an asthma attack. (wikipedia.org)
  • This evidence points to dopaminergic signaling as potential factor regulating locomotory behavior in the dauer. (wormatlas.org)
  • genetic and environmental factors seem to increase the susceptibility of some individuals in developing this severe inflammatory disease (1) ( Fig. 1 ). (bvsalud.org)
  • An interferon regulatory factor that is expressed constitutively and undergoes POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION following viral infection. (lookformedical.com)