Activation guanosine triphosphate. Medical search. Frequent questions

Procedures -Isolated thyroid cell membranes were treated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and activation of G protein was quantified by measurement of the binding of guanosine triphosphate γ labeled with sulfur 35 (GTPγ 35 S). The separate effects of G-protein inhibitory (G i ) and G-protein stimulatory (G s ) proteins were determined by the use of pertussis toxin and cholera toxin, respectively. (avma.org)
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -Ligand-stimulated activation of G proteins was the same in thyroid cell membranes obtained from hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats. (avma.org)
Research in our laboratory focuses on the elucidation of the molecular and regulatory mechanisms controlling the functionality of a class of proteins called receptors located on the cell surface and to which the brain chemical dopamine attaches and induces their activation. (ohri.ca)
The communication or cross-talk between dopamine receptors and its effectors is mediated by the stimulation of molecular switches known as heterotrimeric G proteins on which dopamine receptors initiate a repetitive exchange cycle between two guanosine nucleotides: guanosine diphosphate or GDP-bound G proteins (switch off) guanosine triphosphate or GTP-bound G proteins (switch on). (ohri.ca)
PROCEDURES: Isolated thyroid cell membranes were treated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and activation of G protein was quantified by measurement of the binding of guanosine triphosphate gamma labeled with sulfur 35 (GTPgamma(35)S). The separate effects of G-protein inhibitory (G(i)) and G-protein stimulatory (G(s)) proteins were determined by the use of pertussis toxin and cholera toxin, respectively. (avmi.net)
Our results indicate that localized WASP activation requires the integration of multiple signals: WASP is recruited via interaction with SH3 domain-containing proteins and is activated by Cdc42-GTP concentrated at the same site. (elsevierpure.com)
A similar inhibition was observed with adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate, probably by its conversion into GTP[S]. These results suggest that the stimulatory actions of guanine nucleotides can be accounted for by the combined activation of PKC and generation of cAMP, resulting from activation of conventional signal-transducing GTP-binding proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
In H. pylori , the delivery of nickel ions for urease activation is assisted by four helper proteins, UreE, UreF, UreG and UreH. (edu.hk)
These observations suggest that guanine nucleotide regulatory (N) proteins play a role in phagocyte activation by chemotactic factors. (psu.edu)
Potential targets of therapeutic intervention include the cytoplasmic phosphatase calcineurin and small guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins, such as Rac1 and RhoA, all of which have been implicated in maladaptive hypertrophy. (tamu.edu)
However, propofol had no effect on the formation of inositol phosphates induced by NaF, an activator of heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins. (silverchair.com)
In human neutrophils, as in other cell types, Ras-related guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins are directed toward their regulatory targets in membranes by a series of posttranslational modifications that include methyl esterification of a carboxyl-terminal prenylcysteine residue. (princeton.edu)
Activation of Ras-related proteins by guanosine-5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) had a similar effect and induced translocation of p22 rac2 from cytosol to plasma membrane. (princeton.edu)

Ras-GTPases are considered inactive when bound to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and active when bond to guanosine triphosphate (GTP). (bionity.com)

The first is by activation of guanylate cyclase, which promotes the conversion of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). (trochetadalafil.com)
In primates, including humans, the L -arginine-nitric oxide-guanylyl cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway is the key mechanism of penile erection (Figure 1). (trochetadalafil.com)
The interaction of NO with guanylyl cyclase causes a conformational change in this enzyme, which results in the catalytic production of 3′-5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate from guanosine 5′-triphosphate. (trochetadalafil.com)

DI-fusion Activation of guanosine 5'-[gamma-(35)S]thio-triphosphate. (ac.be)
Antagonist activity of AM211 at the DP2 receptor was confirmed by inhibition of PGD 2 -stimulated guanosine 5′- O -[γ-thio]triphosphate binding to membranes expressing human DP2. (aspetjournals.org)
Inhibition of luteinizing-hormone exocytosis by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate reveals involvement of a GTP-binding protein distal to second-messenger generation. (ox.ac.uk)
To allow effective ligand equilibration, GPR40-Gα q was used in guanosine 5′- O -(3-[ 35 S]thio)triphosphate ([ 35 S]GTPγS) binding assays. (aspetjournals.org)

The increasing cGMP binds to regulatory binding sites for protein kinase G thereby activating the catalytic units that enable protein kinase G to reduce cytosolic Ca2+ levels needed for smooth muscle contraction within blood vessels.1,2 In addition, NO is also known to cause direct activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels resulting in a hyperpolarization and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells that allow for increased blood flow. (trochetadalafil.com)

These experiments indicate that the glucagon receptor facilitates activation of N by: (i) decreasing the apparent Km of N for Mg2+, and (ii) increasing the extent of activation that can be elicited by saturating concentrations of guanine nucleotide. (nih.gov)
It is postulated that the mechanism by which Mg2+ and receptors facilitate N activation involves dissociation of n alpha activated ADP-ribosylatable subunits (with guanine nucleotide bound to them) from n beta non-ADP-ribosylatable subunits (with receptor and Mg2+ bound to them). (nih.gov)
In cells, the extent of dopamine receptor activation is subjected to a dynamic regulation by intracellular enzymes called kinases and phosphatases. (ohri.ca)
XTP can substitute for GTP in supporting receptor-mediated adenylyl cyclase activation. (ecmdb.ca)
We discover that Mtb promotes lipid droplets by inhibiting DNA repair responses, resulting in the activation of the type-I IFN pathway and scavenger receptor-A1 (SR-A1)-mediated lipid droplet formation. (bvsalud.org)
Taken together, the results suggest that plasmin bound to its putative receptor and activated a GTP-binding protein coupled to calcium influx channel, followed by translocation and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 in endothelial cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
Heterologous mu-opioid receptor adaptation by repeated stimulation of kappa-opioid receptor: up-regulation of G-protein activation and antinociception. (hyperthermicwellness.com)
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of repeated administration of a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist (1S-trans)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]-benzeneacetamide hydrochloride [(-)U-50,488H] on antinociception and G-protein activation induced by mu-opioid receptor agonists in mice. (hyperthermicwellness.com)

Xanthosine 5-triphosphate is an intermediate of the Purine metabolism pathway, a substrate of the enzymes dinucleoside tetraphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.17) and nucleoside-triphosphate pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.19). (ecmdb.ca)

Plasmin-induced calcium influx in cells was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with pertussis toxin, indicating that the former was coupled with a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein. (tmu.edu.tw)

1. Mathematical analysis of catalytic G protein activation. (ac.be)
Ras-GTPases act as molecular switches that bind to downstream effectors, such as the protein kinase c-Raf , and localizes them to the membrane resulting in their activation. (bionity.com)
Experiments carried out in the presence of saturating concentrations of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or in PMA-desensitized cells, suggested that stimulation by p[NH]ppG is mediated by a mechanism additional to protein kinase C (PKC) activation. (ox.ac.uk)
Therefore, a PT-sensitive N protein plays an important role in the activation of monocytes by chemoattractants. (psu.edu)
It has been shown that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibition blocks hypertrophy, and we report here that "statin" therapy effectively suppresses small G protein activation and blunts hypertrophic growth in vitro and in vivo. (tamu.edu)

Activation of GEFs is required to set off the regulatory signaling of GTPases (GTP stands for guanosine triphosphate). (cincinnatichildrens.org)

The biosynthesis of neopterin occurs in two steps from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we examined the molecular interplay among these molecules, finding that Rho family guanosine triphosphatase signaling occurs either downstream of calcineurin or as a required, parallel pathway. (tamu.edu)

Accordingly, SAMHD1 depletion increased CNDAC triphosphate (CNDAC-TP) levels and CNDAC toxicity. (biomedcentral.com)

Estrogens stimulate the proliferation and the differentiation of breast epithelial cells through the activation of downstream mitogenic signaling pathways, namely via the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. (scirp.org)

Measurement of neopterin concentrations in body fluids like blood serum, cerebrospinal fluid or urine provides information about activation of cellular immune activation in humans under the control of T helper cells type 1. (wikipedia.org)
A basophil activation assay and a whole-blood assay of eosinophil shape change were used to demonstrate the ability of AM211 to potently antagonize PGD 2 -stimulated functional responses in relevant human cells and in the context of a physiologically relevant environment. (aspetjournals.org)
These are characterized by segregated areas of prevalent T- or B-cell aggregation, differentiation of high endothelial venules, and local activation of resident stromal cells, including lymphatic endothelial cells. (cnrs.fr)
Peripheral blood leukocytes undergo a sequence of activation that leads to migration of cells into the site of inflammation. (medscape.com)
Chang, WC 1996, ' Characterization of phospholipase A2 activation by plasmin in cultured bovine endothelial cells ', Journal of Biomedical Science , 卷 3, 編號 1, 頁 59-66. (tmu.edu.tw)
Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)

Fukuda, 1996), implying that release of the PH domain from the membrane is accompanied by activation of the catalytic domain. (sdbonline.org)
Biochemically, these mutations have been shown to similarly effect aberrant activation of the catalytic domain towards Ras-GTPases. (bionity.com)

Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycaemia, obesity, hypertension, smoking, and aging promote vascular inflammation and endothelial activation [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

The effects of propofol on the endothelin-1-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol-hydrolyzing phospholipase C and phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D were evaluated by measuring the formation of inositol phosphates and choline, respectively. (silverchair.com)

Neopterin serves as a marker of cellular immune system activation. (wikipedia.org)

Previous studies demonstrated that oligopeptide chemoattractant receptors on PMN and macrophages exist in high and low affinity states which are interconvertible by guanosine di- and triphosphates. (psu.edu)
In the central nervous system (CNS), NO synthesis is primarily triggered by activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and has a Janus face, with both beneficial and harmful properties. (frontiersin.org)

Immune deficiency (IMD), the major NF-κB immune response pathway induced in these epithelia, displays remarkable adaptations in its activation and regulation in the respiratory and digestive tract. (cnrs.fr)

Since GTP is roughly ten times more abundant than GDP in the cytosol, this usually results in Ras activation. (bionity.com)
Addition of glucagon during the activation results in a lowering of the Mg2+ requirement for full activation from 25 mM to around 10 muM and in concomitant increases in both the rate and the extent of N activation. (nih.gov)

In contrast to its dramatic effect on Mg2+ requirement, glucagon has little (less than 2-fold) effect on the GTP[gamma S] requirement of N activation. (nih.gov)

Growing tumors exist in metabolically compromised environments that require activation of multiple pathways to scavenge nutrients to support accelerated rates of growth. (jci.org)

Procedures -Isolated thyroid cell membranes were treated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and activation of G protein was quantified by measurement of the binding of guanosine triphosphate γ labeled with sulfur 35 (GTPγ 35 S). The separate effects of G-protein inhibitory (G i ) and G-protein stimulatory (G s ) proteins were determined by the use of pertussis toxin and cholera toxin, respectively. (avma.org)
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -Ligand-stimulated activation of G proteins was the same in thyroid cell membranes obtained from hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats. (avma.org)
The Son of Sevenless (Sos) proteins control receptor-mediated activation of Ras by catalyzing the exchange of guanosine diphosphate for guanosine triphosphate on Ras. (embl.de)
We constructed a reproducible, simple, and small-scale determination method of the psychoactive drugs that acted directly on the monoamine receptor by measuring the activation of [(35)S]guanosine-5'-O-(3-thio)-triphosphate binding to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). (erowid.org)
Since ERM proteins can exist in dormant or active conformations corresponding to their phosphorylation state, we propose that the partitioning of ERM proteins between subcellular compartments may depend on their activation status. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Activation of G proteins is enabled by accessory proteins which catalyse guanine nucleotide exchange-the sequential release of GDP and binding of GTP. (digglicious.com)
G proteins are molecular switches that are activated by receptor-catalyzed GTP for GDP exchange on the G protein alpha subunit, which is the rate-limiting step in the activation of all downstream signaling. (digglicious.com)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)ase activating proteins (GAPs) inhibit G proteins by stimulating GTP hydrolysis. (digglicious.com)
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, thus preventing the post-translational modification of guanosine triphosphate binding proteins which are essential for osteoclast function and survival. (haematologica.org)
Brefeldin A and Arf-1-(2-17), inhibitors of Arf-1 (ADP-ribosylation factor-1) proteins, suppressed the activation of Na(+) entry by GTP[S]. However, non-active succinylated Arf-1-(2-17) or an N-terminal myristoylated peptide directed towards Arf-5 were ineffective. (ox.ac.uk)
The receptor-coupled G-proteins work as molecular switches alternating from an inactive guanosine-diphosphate to a dynamic guanosine-triphosphate (GTP) condition, which proceeds to modify downstream cell procedures [35]. (biopaqc.com)
These isoprenoid intermediates act as important lipid anchors for a variety of proteins including small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins. (e-cmh.org)
The transmitting of extracellular tension signals such as for example I/R damage into an intracellular response have already been proven to involve little guanosine-5-triphosphate-binding proteins buy 120202-66-6 such as for example those of the Rho family members. (molecularcircuit.com)

Small GTPases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). (digglicious.com)
The function of hA1Rs stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells was determined with assays of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, receptor binding, and guanosine diphosphate/guanosine triphosphate gamma35S exchange by using reconstituted defined G protein subunits. (silverchair.com)

INTRODUCTION Eukaryotes contain a highly conserved signaling pathway that becomes rapidly activated when adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels decrease, as happens during conditions of nutrient shortage or mitochondrial dysfunction. (nsf.gov)
In order to try to reverse the binding of glucagon to the cell membrane, Rodbell and his colleagues introduced ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a nucleotide that is a major source of cellular energy as well as a primary component of ribonucleic acid (RNA). (nih.gov)
Metabolism of PEP to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase (PK) generates 1 molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via substrate-level phosphorylation. (hmdb.ca)
Under conditions of constant intracellular [Ca(2+)], the rate of rMLC phosphorylation was measured by Western blotting during inhibition of SMPP with microcystin-LR (to assay MLCK activity) or during inhibition of MLCK by wortmannin and adenosine triphosphate depletion (to assay SMPP activity). (asahq.org)
1-4 Force production in smooth muscle is controlled by the phosphorylation of the regulatory myosin light-chain (rMLC), which increases actomyosin adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity and force. (asahq.org)

The G-protein dissociates and activates an effector protein, which is an enzyme or an ion channel that either produces an intracellular second messenger (e.g. cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP], inositol triphosphate or arachidonic acid) or causes ion fluxes. (medscape.com)
GC-C receptor activation by its endogenous paracrine hormones uroguanylin and guanylin, and the resulting intracellular production of its downstream effector cyclic GMP, occurs in a pH-dependent manner and modulates key physiological functions. (nih.gov)
This transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor acts with ligand binding to enhance binding of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) to the G protein with subsequent disassociation from the receptor followed by activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) system. (medscape.com)
NO is necessary for the conversion of cyclic guanosine triphosphate to cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by guanylate cyclase to promote smooth muscle cell relaxation. (uspharmacist.com)
Intracellular effects depend in part on modifications of intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). (vin.com)
Cyclic AMP is increased by β 2 -receptor stimulation and decreased by activation of α 1 -adrenergic receptors. (vin.com)
PDEs hydrolyze cAMP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to AMP and GMP. (spandidos-publications.com)

A new structural model for the activation of adenylate cyclase by hormone receptors (guanine nucleotides/irradiation inactivation). (nih.gov)

aripiprazole antagonizes D(2) receptor-mediated G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels and guanosine triphosphate nucleotide (GTP)gammaS coupling). (nih.gov)
2. Guanosine 5'-triphosphate and guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate effect a collision coupling mechanism between the glucagon receptor and catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase. (nih.gov)
13. Transient receptor coupling in the activation of rat liver plasma-membrane adenylate cyclase by glucagon. (nih.gov)
Cortisol hecht zich aan een ander soort receptor op de spier en start een. (phunkphenomenon.com)
Sodium fluoride is known to activate basal adenylate cyclase and inhibit activation of the enzyme by hormones, presumably by un- coupling the enzyme from the hormone-receptor complex (10). (nih.gov)
Furthermore, we identify two factors controlling both phenomena: the transmembrane receptor frizzled-2 and the guanosine triphosphate-binding protein cell division cycle 42. (cnrs.fr)
It binds to receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) and thus mediates osteoclastic differentiation, activation, and survival. (haematologica.org)
The occupied GHRH receptor then activates a stimulatory G-protein (Gs), composed of α-, β-, and γ -subunits, by catalyzing the binding of guanosine 5 - triphosphate (GTP) to the α-subunit. (jaycampbell.com)

Once bound to Guanosine triphosphate , H-Ras will activate a Raf kinase like c-Raf , the next step in the MAPK/ERK pathway . (wikidoc.org)

In gluconeogenesis, PEP is formed from the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate and hydrolysis of 1 guanosine triphosphate molecule. (hmdb.ca)

Coupling of Ras and Rac guanosine triphosphatases through the Ras exchanger Sos. (embl.de)
Activation of Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) to the guanine triphosphate (GTP)-bound state is a critical event in their regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell signaling. (rcsb.org)

Here, we focused on Slc46a2, which was highly expressed in mammalian epidermal keratinocytes, and showed that it was critical for the delivery of diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-muropeptides and activation of NOD1 in keratinocytes, whereas the related transporter Slc46a3 was critical for delivering the NOD2 ligand MDP to keratinocytes. (bvsalud.org)

Ribavirin triphosphate is the major intracellular metabolite. (hindawi.com)
These include increasing intracellular concentrations of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (ITP) and diacylglycerol (DAG) as well as promoting Ca influx through L-type Ca channels. (vin.com)

Using effector domain pull-down assays, we show, counter to other GTPases, that Arf6-GTP is present in resting platelets and decreases rapidly upon activation with collagen or convulxin. (elsevierpure.com)
The decrease in free Arf6-GTP temporally precedes activation of Rho family GTPases (RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1). (elsevierpure.com)
Treatment with this peptide also affects the activation of Rho family GTPases, but has little effect on RalA and Rap1 or on agonist-induced calcium mobilization. (elsevierpure.com)
These data show that Arf6 is a key element in activation through GPVI, and is required for activation of the Rho family GTPases and the subsequent cytoskeletal rearrangements needed for full platelet function. (elsevierpure.com)

This enzyme facilitates the conversion of inosine monophosphate to xanthine monophosphate, an intermediate metabolite in the production of guanosine triphosphate. (skintherapyletter.com)

In some cell types, particularly renal epithelia and mast cells, non-hydrolysable analogues of GTP, such as GTP[S] (guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate), activate a non-voltage-activated Na(+)-selective current. (ox.ac.uk)

It may further inhibit the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation and impair antigen presentation.10 While it does not inhibit early events in the activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (i.e. (skintherapyletter.com)

The purine bases, adenosine and guanosine, may be synthesized through two pathways: the de novo purine synthesis pathway, and the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase salvage pathway. (skintherapyletter.com)
The bronchodilatory effects of β 2 adrenoreceptors are mediated not only through increasing cAMP concentrations but also perhaps more importantly through a cAMP-independent pathway that involves activation of a large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel. (vin.com)

3. Mechanism of molybdate activation of adenylate cyclase. (nih.gov)
4. Studies of the role of membrane lipid order in the effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on adenylate cyclase activation in heart. (nih.gov)
16. Activation of rat liver adenylate cyclase by guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate and glucagon. (nih.gov)
17. Mechanism of glucagon activation of adenylate cyclase in the presence of Mn2+. (nih.gov)
However, NaF or guanosine 5'4,7-imido}triphosphate abolishes most of the difference in adenylate cyclase activity observed with homogenates from control and opiate-treated cells. (nih.gov)

[ 15 ] Activation of the former causes an increase in cAMP, whereas activation of the latter causes a decrease in cAMP. (medscape.com)

Subsequently, GTP present in the cytosol binds and HRAS-GTP dissociates from the GEF, resulting in HRAS activation. (wikidoc.org)

We propose a model of sequential Arf activation at the PM whereby Arf6-GTP recruits ARNO family GEFs for further activation of other Arf isoforms. (omicsdi.org)

Our results separate the mechanisms of parasite killing from subsequent reactions manifested by actin polymerization and prophenoloxidase activation in the A. gambiae-P. berghei model. (cnrs.fr)

Remarkably, LM11 inhibits the activation of Arf1 but not Arf6 in vitro, pointing to a possible synergy between Arf1 and Arf6 activation by ARNO in cell migration. (omicsdi.org)

Measurement of neopterin concentrations in body fluids like blood serum, cerebrospinal fluid or urine provides information about activation of cellular immune activation in humans under the control of T helper cells type 1. (wikipedia.org)

However, there is a gap in the literature on the known alcohol-mediated mechanisms, including senescence, role of immune activation, and interorgan communication, on the development of alcohol-related myopathy. (nih.gov)

The tandem DH-PH domain of Sos (DH-PH-Sos) was defective in Rac activation but regained Rac stimulating activity when it was coexpressed with activated Ras. (embl.de)
In an animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fluvastatin suppressed the activation and hepatic fibrogenesis of steatosisinduced hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by decreasing the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF-κB activity and expression of pro-inflammatory genes including collagen, transforming growth factor-β, metalloproteinases-1, and alpha-smooth muscle actin [ 15 ]. (e-cmh.org)

Using the full-length membrane-bound forms of Arf1 and Arf6 instead of soluble forms, we show here that the membrane environment dramatically affects the mechanism of Arno activation. (omicsdi.org)

By contrast, immediate activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) enhances ACh discharge. (biopaqc.com)

Arf-1 (ADP-ribosylation factor-1) is involved in the activation of a mammalian Na+-selective current. (ox.ac.uk)

Neutrophil activation also plays a part in I/R damage by obstructing capillary vessels and liberating vasospastic substrates and inflammatory cytokines [10]. (molecularcircuit.com)

In refractory strain mosquitoes, we found that formation of this zone is strongly linked to prophenoloxidase activation leading to melanization. (cnrs.fr)

show that the solute carrier 46A2 (SLC46A2) delivers DAP-muropeptides into the cytosol to drive NOD1 activation in keratinocytes and elicit skin inflammation during psoriasis. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy7

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs110

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes17

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Proteins13

Diphosphate1

Cyclic guanosine mon3

Thio-triphosphate4

CGMP1

Receptor8

Metabolism1

Calcium1

Protein5

Regulatory1

Occurs2

Toxicity1

Downstream1

Cells6

Catalytic domain2

Endothelial1

Phospholipase1

Cellular1

Receptors2

Regulation1

Results2

Effect1

Multiple1

Proteins13

Diphosphate2

Adenosine triphosphate5

Cyclic7

Guanine nucleotides1

Receptor8

Kinase1

Hydrolysis1

Triphosphatases2

Ligand1

Intracellular2

GTPases4

Metabolite1

Activate1

Inhibit1

Pathway2

Adenylate cyclase5

Decrease1

Dissociates1

Arf6-GTP1

Subsequent1

Cell1

Concentrations1

Immune activation1

Activity2

Affects1

Contrast1

Current1

Plays1

Formation1

Show1