Activation 1999 antibody lymphocyte subsets. Medical search. Frequent questions

The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. (bdbiosciences.com)
Hünig T, Wallny HJ, Hartley JK, Lawetzky A, Tiefenthaler G: A monoclonal antibody to a constant determinant of the rat T cell antigen receptor that induces T cell activation. (exbio.cz)

This signal results in the generation of B-cell clones that produce antibodies against antigens located at the basement membrane zone (BMZ), initiating a type II Gell and Coombs hypersensitivity reaction. (medscape.com)
Several studies have shown that adipocytes highly express CD1d, which presents lipid antigens to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and stimulates the activation of iNKT cells ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Assessment of the ability to produce functional antibodies can be obtained by measuring antibody responses to natural antigens or those antigens to which the population commonly is exposed. (medscape.com)
This assessment can also be done by measuring antibody responses following active immunization with protein or polysaccharide antigens. (medscape.com)
Isohemagglutinins are IgM antibodies to ABO blood group antigens that are polysaccharide. (medscape.com)
In children who have completed immunizations with diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) or Hib-conjugated vaccines, the antibody response to protein antigens can be tested in adults and older children by measuring IgG antibodies to tetanus or diphtheria toxoid and H influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide antigen. (medscape.com)
Approximately 80% of children have detectable antibodies to these antigens after 3 immunizations during their first year of life. (medscape.com)
Therefore, antibody responses should be measured to polysaccharide antigens that are not present in the protein-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine. (medscape.com)
Human serum usually contains natural IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies, generated independently of any exposure to foreign antigens or vaccines or elicited in the course of infectious or autoimmune diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
B-1 cells are found in peritoneal and pleural cavities where they provide first-line defence through antibodies able to bind polysaccharide antigens and repeated motifs that are typically found in microbial cell walls and macromolecules [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In other words, if the antigen-antibody reaction is compared to a "key-and-lock" model, natural antibodies found in human secretions act as "passe-partout" keys to offer a background protection against most pathogens, food antigens and microbes, before the antigen-specific response can develop [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

CD4 + T cells stimulate B cells to induce significant level of antimalarial antibody response and also help in the induction of CD8 + T-cell responses which help in arresting the growth of liver-stage parasites in the host. (omicsonline.org)
The resultant inflammatory mediators that are produced induce migration of lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells to the BMZ. (medscape.com)
In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
Monoclonal antibodies blocking CTLA4 induce regression of immunogenic tumors in mice ( 8 ) and are being pursued as a treatment approach for patients with cancer. (snmjournals.org)
There has been a great deal of interest shown in defining the mechanisms by which anti-CTLA4 antibodies induce tumor regressions in humans. (snmjournals.org)
An increase in circulating leukocyte subsets such as CD8⁺ T cells and CD56loCD16⁺ natural killer cells suggests that PBC may induce a transient mobilisation of lymphocytes. (researchgate.net)

Memory B cells are plasma cells that are able to produce antibodies for a long time. (wikipedia.org)
The memory B cell has already undergone clonal expansion, differentiation and affinity maturation, so it is able to divide multiple times faster and produce antibodies with much higher affinity (especially IgG). (wikipedia.org)

That leads to activation of these cells and rapid proliferation of cells. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to the formed antibodies in the body there remains a small number of memory T and B cells that make up the cellular component of the immunological memory. (wikipedia.org)
CD72 is expressed at all stages of B-lymphocyte development except plasma cells, and it has been shown to negatively regulate B-cell receptor signaling. (bdbiosciences.com)
T cells provide protection to infection by cytokine-mediated mechanisms or through production of antibodies. (omicsonline.org)
Experiments with B cell deficient mice have demonstrated that B cells and antibodies are essential for complete clearance of parasites from blood of the host [2]. (omicsonline.org)
This subset of T cells play critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and controlling excessive immune responses [ 5 ]. (omicsonline.org)
The development of skin sensitization is associated with, and requires, the activation and clonal expansion of allergen responsive T lymphocytes and it is these cells that orchestrate the cutaneous allergic reaction. (cdc.gov)
CD28 is expressed on most T lineage cells, NK cell subsets, and plasma cells. (biolegend.com)
In vitro studies indicate that ligation of CD28 on T cells by CD80 and CD86 on antigen presenting cells provides a costimulatory signal required for T cell activation and proliferation. (biolegend.com)
To maximize performance, it is strongly recommended that the reagent be titrated for each application, and that you centrifuge the antibody dilution before adding to the cells at 14,000xg at 2 - 8°C for 10 minutes. (biolegend.com)
These data provide evidence that anti-OX40 prior to surgery is safe and can increase activation and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood and tumor. (bepress.com)
Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4 + T cells. (frontiersin.org)
There are two main mechanisms in the adaptive immune system-humoral immunity and cellular immunity, which are mediated by antibodies and cells respectively. (frontiersin.org)
Next, we summarize various cytokines produced by adipocytes that regulate the survival, activation and differentiation of B cells. (frontiersin.org)
While the autoreactive cells displayed significantly reduced Tregs numbers, the alloreactive transplacentally acquired maternal lymphocytes had high functional Tregs. (hindawi.com)
In some cases, T cells may present, as a result of residual autologous cells or transplacentally acquired maternal lymphocytes [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
MHC-II molecules drive the development, activation, and homeostasis of CD4 + T-helper cells. (hindawi.com)
The origin of the reactive cells in such patients are either thymic release of T-cells that expand at the periphery or transplacentally transfers of maternal T lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
A distinctive feature of SCID patients, which sometimes can clinically resemble Omenn, [ 6 ] is the presence of alloreactive cells originated from transplacentally maternal T lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
The antibody MEM-241 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD4 antigen, a 55 kDa transmebrane glycoprotein expressed on a subset of T lymphocytes ("helper" T-cells) and also on monocytes, tissue macrophages and granulocytes. (exbio.cz)
T PH cells appear to be uniquely poised to promote B-cell responses and antibody production within pathologically inflamed non-lymphoid tissues. (nature.com)
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a coinhibitory activation-induced surface receptor on T cells that functions as a major negative regulator of anti-self-immune responses. (snmjournals.org)
Despite occasional cases of expansion of melanoma-specific T cells ( 14 , 15 ), the bulk of the data suggest that there is no detectable expansion of tumor antigen-specific lymphocytes, in particular when focusing on CD8+ T-cell responses. (snmjournals.org)
The most consistent effects in peripheral blood cells after administering anti-CTLA4 antibodies have been limited to marginal increases in the surface expression of nonspecific activation markers predominantly on CD4+ T lymphocytes ( 16 - 18 ). (snmjournals.org)
Specific, monoreactive antibodies from the adaptive B-cell system (the large, B-2 subset) are produced later, after the activation and recruitment of T-cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In this review, we summarize the current status and emerging trends in nanomedicine-based strategies targeting cancer immune evasion and modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, including the inhibition of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor area, the activation of dendritic cells and the stimulation of the specific antitumor T-cell response. (unav.edu)
CD6 is expressed in T cells 1 , medullary thymocytes 1 , a subset of NK cells 2 , some hematopoietic progenitors 3 and a small group of B lymphocytes. (hcdm.org)
CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
The main target and effector cells of the CTLA-4 blockade treatment in the studied tumor models are tumor-specific endogenous CD8 + T cells that are capable of eradicating also distant tumors, whereas CD4 + T cells do not play a prominent role in the antibody-mediated tumor eradication. (aacrjournals.org)
Our results found that PBC stimulated a greater change in numbers of CD16 + NK cells and CD8 + T cells in comparison to CWI, suggesting a larger catecholamine response after PBC could result in a morepronounced mobilisation of lymphocytes than CWI. (researchgate.net)
Currently, the most widely-used TIL production method is to isolate infiltrating lymphocytes from tumor tissues and then culture and expand these cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endow T cells with antigen-specific recognition, activation, and proliferation independent of major histocompatibility complex ( 1 - 3 ). (snmjournals.org)
Surprisingly, we previously found that mice deficient in iNKT cells developed spontaneous CD8 + T cells responses partially effective at inhibiting metastases in mice bearing the 4T1 mammary carcinoma, and showed a markedly improved response to treatment with local radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 antibody compared to wild type (WT) mice. (biomedcentral.com)
The effects of antibody-mediated blockade of CD1d on DC number and phenotype, priming of anti-tumor T cells, and tumor response to treatment with local radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 antibody were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
To determine if the improved response to treatment in the absence of iNKT cells was independent from the immunotherapy employed, 4T1-tumor bearing WT and iNKT −/− mice were treated with local radiotherapy in combination with antibody-mediated CD137 co-stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Natural killer T (NKT) cells comprise a subset of lymphocytes originating from a distinct developmental lineage [ 1 ] which bridge innate and adaptive immunity and modulate immune responses in autoimmunity, malignancies and infections [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A smaller NKT cell subset utilizes a more diverse set of TCR αβ chains and is referred to as type II or non-invariant NKT cells [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, these cells are poor stimulators of T-cell proliferation in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. (bvsalud.org)
The activation of these cells leads to the release of chemical mediators such as histamine and arachidonic acid metabolites, which increase vascular permeability and tissue swelling 9 . (bvsalud.org)
Lymphocytes, B and T cells, can respond selectively to thousands of non-self materials. (lu.se)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)
3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)

Together with James P. Allison, who worked on another co-inhibitory receptor called cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4), Tasuku Honjo was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018 for the discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation ( Wolchok, 2018 ). (frontiersin.org)
Preclinical models predict that blockade of the coinhibitory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on lymphocytes results in the release of a cell cycle inhibitory checkpoint, allowing lymphocyte proliferation, tumor targeting, and regression. (snmjournals.org)
Natural killer cell counts were also elevated after PBC, with the increase attributed specifically to the CD56loCD16⁺ cytotoxic subset. (researchgate.net)

The adaptive immune system and antigen-specific receptor generation (TCR, antibodies) are responsible for adaptive immune memory. (wikipedia.org)
Once a T cell is activated through its T-cell receptor, downstream T-cell receptor signaling through Src kinases results in tyrosine phosphorylation of CTLA4 and the uncoupling of CTLA4 from AP50, allowing its surface expression, which peaks at 48 h after activation. (snmjournals.org)
Martínez-Florensa M, Consuegra-Fernández M, Martínez VG, Cañadas O, Armiger-Borràs N, Bonet-Roselló L, Farrán A, Vila J, Casals C, Lozano F. Targeting of key pathogenic factors from gram-positive bacteria by the soluble ectodomain of the scavenger-like lymphocyte receptor CD6. (hcdm.org)
Several types of ACT round out the immunotherapy arsenal, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, T-cell receptor (TCR) therapy, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy. (aacr.org)

However, there is a paucity of data demonstrating that lymphocyte proliferation does occur in humans treated with CTLA4-blocking antibodies. (snmjournals.org)

Müller N, van den Brandt J, Odoardi F, Tischner D, Herath J, Flügel A, Reichardt HM: A CD28 superagonistic antibody elicits 2 functionally distinct waves of T cell activation in rats. (exbio.cz)
CD28 is considered a major co-stimulatory molecule, inducing T lymphocyte activation and IL-2 synthesis, and preventing cell death. (biolegend.com)

Blockade of CTLA-4 by antibodies has potentiated antitumor T-cell responses in both preclinical models and clinical trials. (aacrjournals.org)
We use different preclinical mouse models of cancer to investigate the local administration of CTLA-4 blocking antibody and its effect on cancer progression and the antitumor T-cell response. (aacrjournals.org)
Injecting CTLA-4 blocking antibody in a slow-release formulation close to the tumor is an effective way of activating the antitumor T-cell response. (aacrjournals.org)

A diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is based on defective functional antibody formation, usually accompanied by decreased (not absent) serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA levels, generally (not invariably) decreased serum IgM, and exclusion of other known causes of antibody deficiency. (medscape.com)
The common immunologic defect in patients with common variable immunodeficiency is defective antibody formation. (medscape.com)

Compared with controls, the detectable proportion of HIV-1 particles derived from CD14 macrophages and CD26 lymphocytes was increased in persons with acute malaria coinfection and correlated with markedly increased plasma concentrations of both proinflammatory cytokines and soluble markers of macrophage and lymphocyte activation. (lww.com)
Acute P. falciparum malaria coinfection impacts virus-host dynamics in HIV-1-infected persons at the cellular level, notably showing a reversible induction of HIV-1 replication in CD14 macrophages that is associated with changes in immune activation. (lww.com)
The marginal zone of the spleen is a precisely ordered region that contains specialized subsets of B lymphocytes and macrophages. (silverchair.com)

The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography, and conjugated with PE under optimal conditions. (biolegend.com)

Protein conjugated pneumococcal vaccine elicit antibody responses that are T-cell dependent. (medscape.com)
The emerging clinical data suggest that a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with CTLA4-blocking antibodies, in the range of 5%−15%, achieve durable objective tumor responses. (snmjournals.org)
CD6 regulates T-cell responses through activation-dependent recruitment of the positive regulator SLP-76. (hcdm.org)

Most of the studies have focused on analyzing T-cell activation in peripheral blood. (snmjournals.org)

IgG subclass determination is of limited value in assessing patients with clinical immunodeficiency because functional antibody deficiency may be present despite normal IgG subclass levels. (medscape.com)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a type of adoptive cellular therapy by harvesting infiltrated lymphocytes from tumors, culturing and amplifying them in vitro and then infusing back to treat patients. (biomedcentral.com)

Prevention was associated with the downregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-activating and Foxp3-counteracting interleukin-6 (IL-6), lower numbers of phospho-STAT3-containing lymphocytes, and higher Foxp3 + T-cell counts in the colon. (nature.com)

E2a Is Required for Subsets of Smad2/3 Binding and for Global Patterns of Smad2/3 Target Gene Expression (A) Smad2/3 targets 1,027 distinct genomic regions in control stage 10.5 embryos (yellow) and 1,671 regions in E2a -depleted embryos (blue). (xenbase.org)
Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is one of the subsets of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), a group of systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by T-lymphocyte dysregulation, the production of circulating autoantibodies directed against a variety of adhesion molecules in the hemidesmosome-epithelial membrane complex, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and immune system activation markers. (medscape.com)
To determine the impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria coinfection and its treatment on cellular reservoirs of viral replication in HIV-1-infected persons and to relate this to changes in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)
Parasite clearance following treatment with antimalarial drugs resulted in decreased detection of HIV-1 particles derived from the CD14 macrophage cell subset and correlated with a marked diminution in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)
By injecting the antibodies in a subcutaneous slow-release delivery formulation in the tumor area, we show that an eight-fold lower dose of antibody is as effective in inducing tumor eradication as systemic delivery. (aacrjournals.org)

The presence of these heterophilic antibodies can thus lead to spurious elevations, especially in individuals who have received chimeric antibodies (such as Infliximab). (medscape.com)

The adaptive immune response, primarily comprised of T and B lymphocytes, has important implications in the fracture healing process as well [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

However, treatment with CTLA-4 blocking antibodies is associated with autoimmune and inflammatory side effects. (aacrjournals.org)

Deep study of RUNX3 inflammation signaling could help in understanding inflammation and immune activation in the tumor microenvironment. (oncotarget.com)
While many successful immunotherapeutic regimens have relied on checkpoint inhibition, other immunotherapeutic approaches, such as adoptive cellular therapies (ACT), the use of bispecific antibodies, and targeting components of the tumor microenvironment, are showing promise in a variety of cancer types. (aacr.org)

We tested the role of whole-body molecular imaging in patients with advanced melanoma receiving the CTLA4-blocking antibody tremelimumab, allowing the analysis of changes in glucose metabolism using the PET probe 18 F-FDG and cell replication with the PET probe 3′-deoxy-3′- 18 F-fluorothymidine ( 18 F-FLT). (snmjournals.org)

A subset of patients with clinical features similar to OCP also has been shown to have autoantibodies against epiligrin, which is identified as laminin 5, a ligand for alpha 6 beta 4 integrin, and autoantibodies to the alpha 6 integrin subunit. (medscape.com)
Here we describe the results from a phase Ib clinical trial (NCT02274155) in which 17 patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) received a murine anti-human OX40 agonist antibody (MEDI6469) prior to definitive surgical resection. (bepress.com)
Two fully human antibodies with CTLA4-blocking activity-ipilimumab and tremelimumab-are in clinical development ( 9 , 10 ). (snmjournals.org)
[ 8 ] As such, tryptase is specific to mast cell granules and can provide information about mast cell number, distribution, and activation depending on the clinical context. (medscape.com)

Records of thyroid ultrasonography (USG), basal serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, circulating free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and antithyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies were analyzed. (scielo.br)
A lower dose and slow release of the antibody results in thousand-fold decreased levels of antibody in the serum, reducing adverse events and the risk of autoimmunity. (aacrjournals.org)
This administration method is associated with very low serum levels of antibody, which decreases the risk of treatment-induced side effects. (aacrjournals.org)
False-positive results may arise from the presence of heterophilic antibodies in the patient's serum. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] Most laboratories that use the serum tryptase immunoassay use a reagent with a suppressor for these heterophilic antibodies. (medscape.com)

The antibodies of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and/or immunoglobulin M (IgM) bind to the antigen and initiate complement activation. (medscape.com)
Antibody deficiencies are treated with intravenous immunoglobulin substitution therapy. (lu.se)

Aruffo A, Melnick MB, Linsley PS, Seed B. The lymphocyte glycoprotein CD6 contains a repeated domain structure characteristic of a new family of cell surface and secreted proteins. (hcdm.org)

Conversely, deficient levels of a single subclass of IgG may be found in individuals who have effective specific antibody production and are clinically normal. (medscape.com)

TotalSeq™-D antibodies are compatible with Mission Bio's Tapestri Single-Cell Sequencing Platform for simultaneous detection of DNA and Protein. (biolegend.com)

Heterophilic antibodies, such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA), can bind to immune globulins of other species and thus interfere with the immunoassay since the tryptase immunoassay employs mouse-derived anti-tryptase. (medscape.com)

The immune system's response to a few diseases, such as dengue, counterproductively worsens the next infection (antibody-dependent enhancement). (wikipedia.org)
Natural anti-CCR5 antibodies can be decisive in preventing HIV infection in mucosal tissues and offer prompt and effective protection just at major sites of virus entry. (biomedcentral.com)

The antibody was conjugated with FITC under optimum conditions, and unreacted FITC was removed. (bdbiosciences.com)
Purified antibody is conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) under optimum conditions and unconjugated antibody and free fluorochrome are removed by size-exclusion chromatography. (exbio.cz)

In contrast, the naive plasma cell is fully differentiated and cannot be further stimulated by antigen to divide or increase antibody production. (wikipedia.org)
Immunomagnetic HIV-1 capture analysis was used to determine the cellular origin of cell-free virus particles present in all 30 plasma samples and indices of immune activation were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. (lww.com)
CD4 regulates T-cell activation, T/B-cell adhesion, T-cell diferentiation, T-cell selection and signal transduction. (exbio.cz)
F) ChIP-qRT-PCR using anti-GFP antibodies in stage 10.5 embryos following mE2a-GFP injection at the two-cell stage. (xenbase.org)
According with studies of cell transplants performed in transgenic mice, B-1 population can be divided in two further subset (B-1a and B-1b), which display different phenotypes, origins and functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Together, these studies argue in favor of a model wherein M2 activation of the NFAT pathway initiates events leading to increased levels of IRF4 - a key player in plasma cell differentiation - which in turn triggers IL-10 expression. (prelekara.sk)
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Tryptase levels of 11.5 ng/mL or greater are indicative of either mast cell activation (as in anaphylaxis) or increased total mast cell levels (as in mastocytosis). (medscape.com)
As such, determinations of tryptase levels are contingent on both the size and activation status of an individual's mast cell population but is not informative of the specific contribution of either of these factors. (medscape.com)

Single-platform technology (SPT) is designed to enable de- system and managing the health care of persons infected with terminations of both absolute and percentage lymphocyte sub- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ( 1-4 ). (cdc.gov)
DOTA antibody reporter 1 (DAbR1) comprises a single-chain fragment of the antilanthanoid-DOTA antibody 2D12.5/G54C fused to the human CD4-transmembrane domain and binds irreversibly to lanthanoid ( S )-2-(4-acrylamidobenzyl)-DOTA (AABD). (snmjournals.org)

Fibroblast activation secondary to inflammatory cytokine influences, with collagen production and subsequent cicatrization, is the end result in the conjunctiva. (medscape.com)

K10.6 antibody does not react with Lyb-2.3 (AKR and SJL strains) nor with non-lymphoid tissues. (bdbiosciences.com)

Wilhelm MJ, Pratschke J, Beato F, Taal M, Kusaka M, Hancock WW, Tilney NL: Activation of the heart by donor brain death accelerates acute rejection after transplantation. (exbio.cz)

The guidelines describe single-platform technology (SPT), a process in which absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets are measured from a single tube by a single instrument. (cdc.gov)

Simultaneously, adipocytes secrete various cytokines including leptin, resistin, TNF-α and IL-6 to regulate the differentiation and function of T and B lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)

Purified antibody is conjugated with biotin LC-NHS ester under optimum conditions and unconjugated antibody and free biotin are removed by size-exclusion chromatography. (exbio.cz)

Activation or disruption of this interaction results in MZB migration to the follicle. (silverchair.com)

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