Activates humans apoptosis regulatory proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Shouldn't we have an apoptosis signalling pathway terms? (geneontology.org)

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a multifunctional cytokine and plays important roles in regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis in a broad spectrum of tissues [ 12 ]. (degruyter.com)
The power of the thiol proteinases to cleave a multitude of substrates in response to calcium mineral activation allows their involvement in a variety of cell processes offering cell motility, sign transduction, apoptosis, cell differentiation and legislation of the cytoskeleton (3). (exposed-skin-care.net)
3. We hypothesize that PDX1-Onecut1 (OC1) interactions, in part mediated by their intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs), regulate Pdx1 stability, cell cycle progression, and pancreatic endocrine differentiation during development. (upenn.edu)
Our current efforts on this project are directed at (1) determining the mechanisms whereby Pdx1 and Oc1 cooperate to establish a chromatin landscape permissive for endocrine differentiation and proliferation, (2) Defining the roles of the Pdx1 and Oc1 IDPRs in protein-protein interaction and endocrine differentiation, and (3) Defining the molecular mechanisms by which the Pdx1 C-terminal domain regulates protein stability and function during pancreas organogenesis and endocrine differentiation. (upenn.edu)
Integration of intracellular metabolic states with extracellular signals leads to proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, or quiescence. (janechin.net)
Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a regulatory link between the membrane-associated Ras GTPases and the MAPK/ERK cascade, and this critical regulatory link functions as a switch determining cell fate decisions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, survival and oncogenic transformation. (inamericawithgrace.com)
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway is involved in multiple cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Specify the components and their interactions and set up cluding proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, embryonic the system of equations. (lu.se)

Western blotting assay was implemented to check the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B. Results revealed that piperine induced dose reliant cytotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (ijpsonline.com)
Finally, Western blotting assay predicted constant expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B and reduced expression of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (ijpsonline.com)
Hence, evidenced the blocking of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
It induced apoptosis, suppressed cell migration and invasion, blocked cell cycle and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
TGF-β signaling is initiated when the ligand binds to type II serine/threonine kinase receptor (TGFBR2), which then phosphorylates and activates type I serine/threonine kinase receptor (TGFBR1) [ 13 ]. (degruyter.com)
PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
V-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 ( B-RAF) is a gene that codes a protein B-Raf, which is a serine/ threonine-protein kinase. (inamericawithgrace.com)
STRAP (Serine/Threonine Kinase Receptor Associated Protein) is a Protein Coding gene. (inamericawithgrace.com)
A topological analysis predicted PknB, the serine/threonine protein kinase of S. The serine/threonine-specific protein kinase Akt (protein kinase B), when phosphorylated by phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase, is a key mediator of tolerance. (inamericawithgrace.com)
Akt is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that plays a critical role in controlling the balance between survival and death pathways in cells. (inamericawithgrace.com)
The kinases of this family that have been suggested to play a role in apoptosis are the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, specifically p42/44 ERK, p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase B (PKB), or Akt and protein kinase C (PKC). (inamericawithgrace.com)
Treating SMMC-7721 cells with 5-Fu leads to apoptosis of the cells, and reduction in telomerase activity, as well as a dramatic reduction in the activated form of p70 S6 kinase, a mTOR substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K) pathway has been reported as an important intracellular mediator frequently activated in cancer cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we show that this cleavage event is dependent on protein kinase RNA (PKR). (edu.sa)
Von Roretz, C & Gallouzi, IE 2010, ' Protein kinase RNA/FADD/caspase-8 pathway mediates the proapoptotic activity of the RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) ', Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 285, no. 22, pp. 16806-16813. (edu.sa)
The central, catalytic domain of GRKs is actually a serine threonine kinase domain 32% identical in sequence to your catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and is thus a member in the PKA, PKG, and PKC family members of kinases. (phosphorylase-signal.com)
NEMO/IKK -gamma is the regulatory subunit of the inhibitor kappa kinase (IKK) complex and is required for the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB (NF-kB). (medscape.com)
In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)

Our results showed that aloe-emodin could induce SCC15 cells apoptosis, moreover, the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 increased suggesting that the potential mechanism of aloe-emodin induces apoptosis might by regulating the caspases in SCC15 cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is known to cause apoptosis in several types of malignant tumor cells through its interaction with the death domain-containing receptor, death receptor 5 (DR5). (nih.gov)
In the present study, we showed that co-treatment with troglitazone (TGZ), a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and TRAIL synergistically induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation in human colon cancer DLD-1 cells. (nih.gov)
Genistein is one of the predominant isoflavones found in soy and it has been shown to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. (dsmc.or.kr)
The purpose of this study was to determine whether I3C can enhance the inhibitory effect of genistein on human endomtrial cancer cells. (dsmc.or.kr)
The effects of I3C and genistein on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were examined in human endometrial cancer cells (Hec 1A and Ishikawa) and normal endometrial cells (T-HESCs). (dsmc.or.kr)
MTS reduction assay was carried out to measure the viability of human endometrial cancer cells (Hec 1A and Ishikawa) and normal endometrial cells (T-HESCs) in response to I3C and/or genistein treatment. (dsmc.or.kr)
Cell cycle analysis for I3C and genistein treated human endometrial cancer cells was done by Fluorescent activated cell sorter analysis. (dsmc.or.kr)
In this study, the anti-cancer effects of pentadecanoic acid were evaluated in human breast carcinoma MCF-7/stem-like cells (SC), a cell line with greater mobility, invasiveness, and cancer stem cell properties compared to the parental MCF-7 cells. (mdpi.com)
when looking at experimental data - often counting number of cells they've died and committed to apoptosis so how can we work out induction or positive regulation? (geneontology.org)
Quantitative proteomics will be applied to identify the differentially mRNA-bound proteins after the exposure of human cultured cells to ionizing radiation. (europa.eu)
Novel tumour-specific RNA-protein interacting partners may serve as candidates to selectively induce cell death in tumour cells. (europa.eu)
Acridine orange/ethidium bromine staining assay revealed that piperine induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells which was further investigated by Western blotting. (ijpsonline.com)
It is expressed on mature thymocytes, CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, CD56-bright natural killer (NK) cells, all activated NK cells and some B cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
SIRPγ (CD172g) binds to CD47 (integrin-associated protein/IAP) that is widely expressed on most hematopoietic cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and many tumor cell lines. (bdbiosciences.com)
Aloe-emodin, rhein and physcion are classified as anthraquinones, which are the main pharmacodynamic ingredients of Rheum undulatum L. . This study was undertaken to investigate whether aloe-emodin, rhein and physcion show inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that aloe-emodin show inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 cells, we also investigated the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis induced by aloe-emodin. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results revealed that aloe-emodin treatment could inhibit cell viability of SCC15 cells and the potential mechanism of inhibition might be through the induction of apoptosis by regulation of the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3. (biomedcentral.com)
Against the human oral cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Third, IL-2 therapies aiming at expanding immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include inactivation of autoantigen-recognizing T and B cells by the induction of apoptosis, anergy or conversion into immunosuppressive regulatory cells. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, suppressor immune cells such as FOXP3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert dominant immune suppression to control autoreactive T and B cells. (frontiersin.org)
Resistin significantly promoted the expression of inflammatory proteins in AML cells. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, TGFBR2 was a direct target of miR-128-3p, and its overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-128-3p overexpression on inflammation and apoptosis in LPS-induced HK2 cells. (degruyter.com)
miR-128-3p could inhibit apoptosis and inflammation by targeting TGFBR2 in LPS-induced HK2 cells, which might provide therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis. (degruyter.com)
In addition, it can stimulate apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
Apigenin induces autophagic cell death in human papillary thyroid carcinoma BCPAP cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
This would place NK cells and their activating Ly-49 receptors as important initiators of microbial immunity and key elements of the innate immune system. (aai.org)
A functionally similar family of molecules exists on human NK cells, i.e., the killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs). (aai.org)
Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)
1. The Stoffers laboratory recently identified the polyC binding protein (PCBP) family of RBPs as important players in the post-transcriptional regulatory landscape of pancreatic beta cells. (upenn.edu)
GLT) and that depletion of JUND in β cells reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis caused by GLT. (upenn.edu)
miRNA-149 was underexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells, while overexpression of miRNA-149 promoted cell apoptosis, retarded cell cycle, and inhibited proliferation and migration in AGS and MKN28 cells. (hindawi.com)
The human gastric epithelial permanent cell line (GES-1), human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, BGC-823, MKN45, and SGC-7901), and HEK293 cells were provided by the Biomedical Experiment Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University. (hindawi.com)
En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
Application of unidirectional pulsatile shear stress to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased PDCD4 protein but not mRNA level. (plos.org)
Low PDCD4 level was associated with reduced proliferation but not apoptosis or phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase caused by pulsatile shear stress to help maintain the homeostasis of endothelial cells. (plos.org)
85% of human cancer cells (26 27 and as a result has been a major focus of cancer therapeutic research (28-30). (academicediting.org)
Mechanistically, NGF could upregulate TDE-miR-21-5p levels, and DRG cells took up TDE to activate the Warburg effect and stimulate nociceptor gene expression. (hindawi.com)
These findings displayed that NGF/TrkA encouraged the neuroinvasive potential of PC cells by activating the Warburg effect in DRG cells through upregulation of TDE-miR-21-5p expression. (hindawi.com)
In contrast to necrosis (murdered cells), in apoptosis (commit suicide) and autophagy process, cytoplasmic membranes are maintained and cell body is completely removed without any inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
However, if phagocytosis of the cell does not occur at the final stage of apoptosis or autophagic process, the cells are removed through secondary necrosis [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis was first described by Kerr and colleagues in 1972 [ 17 ] as a physiological situation characterized by distinguishable morphological features such as nuclear changes (nuclear chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation), cell contraction, and losing attachment with adjacent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
1 BL tumour cells usually express IgM, 13 - 15 B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20 and CD22 and markers of germinal centre (GC) centroblasts such as CD10, BCL6 4 and the human germinal centre-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein. (bmj.com)
24 25 This is a process catalysed by B-cell specific V(D)J recombinase activating enzymes RAG-1/2 which are expressed in both pre-B cells and GC B cells. (bmj.com)
We detected apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma cells by TUNEL assay. (biomedcentral.com)
Treating SMMC-7721 cells with Rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, significantly reduce hTERT protein level but did not affect hTERT transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression of IL17A can increase the migration and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells by activating the NF-κB signal pathway. (geneticsmr.com)
111) infected African green monkey kidneycells with throat washings from patients with rubella and indi-rectly demonstrated the presence of RV by resistance to chal-lenge with an echovirus, while Weller and Neva (154) detectedcytopathic effects in human amnion cells infected with RVfrom blood and urine specimens. (vdocuments.net)
Eukaryotic expression vectors containing genes encoding plant proteins for killing of cancer cells. (weeksmd.com)
consequently, genes encoding some of these proteins are being used to design constructs for the inhibition of multiplying cancer cells. (weeksmd.com)
Methods: We analysed whether iodine induced apoptosis in MG-63 and Saos-2 cells by using CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays and transmission electron microscopy. (bvsalud.org)
Western blotting was used to analyse the pathway of iodine-induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. (bvsalud.org)
Cells that retain IKK activity may produce additional cytokines that trigger apoptosis in neighboring IKK-deficient cells, thus creating an amplification loop that eventually results in the death of all of the IKK-deficient cells. (medscape.com)
In order to generate an antibody response, an antigen must bind to the complement receptor (CR2) on B cells and the complement protein C3d. (medscape.com)
Extensive lymphocyte severe infections is a massive loss of lymphocytes, den- apoptosis has also occurred in humans and animals infect- dritic cells, gastrointestial epithelial cells, and other cell ed with several exotic agents, including Bacillus anthracis , types through apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (cdc.gov)
These findings suggest that inter- the apoptotic destruction of lymphocytes and dendritic ventions aimed at reducing the extent of immune cell apop- tosis could improve outcomes for a variety of severe cells could have a particularly adverse effect on disease human infections, including those caused by emerging outcome. (cdc.gov)
Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
Pretreatment of cells with the strong nucleophile, 2-mercaptoethanol, prevented the formation of PE-lipoxidated proteins and blocked ferroptotic death. (cdc.gov)
Trouw L., Nilsson S., Goncalvez I., Landberg G. and Blom A. M. (2005) C4b-binding protein binds to necrotic cells and DNA, which limits DNA release and inhibits complement activation. (lu.se)

p53 is up-regulated in response to stress signals and stimulated to activate transcription of specific genes, resulting in expression of p21waf1 and other proteins involved in G1 or G2/M arrest. (thermofisher.com)
The degree of methylation affects the expression of target genes and has a significant impact on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine secretion, and cell activity ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
In human beings, calpains are encoded by 15 genes with examined associates from the grouped family members getting the ubiquitously portrayed associates, calpains 1 and 2, referred to as - and m-calpain also, respectively. (exposed-skin-care.net)
As opposed to other styles of muscles dystrophy, where mutations take place in genes encoding structural protein, calpainopathy was the initial reported kind of dystrophy predetermined by mutations within a gene encoding a proteolytic enzyme. (exposed-skin-care.net)
2. We recently identified a novel PDX1 stress inducible complex (es) positioned over CARE sites and involving ATF4 and ATF5 that regulates expression of stress and apoptosis genes to govern β cell survival. (upenn.edu)
Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)

Autophagy and lysosomal related protein expression patterns in human glioblastoma. (ox.ac.uk)
We investigated the patterns of expression of autophagy related proteins (LC3A, LC3B, p62, Beclin 1, ULK1 and ULK2) in a series of patients treated with post-operative radiotherapy. (ox.ac.uk)
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)

should the term ['GO:0006919] activation of caspase activity' be a child of positive regulation of apoptosis or induction of apoptosis rather than directly to apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
how to decide whether a protein is involved in '+ve reg of apoptosis or induction ([GO:0006917])?emily. (geneontology.org)
This revealed increased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X and reduced expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, indicating apoptosis induction by piperine. (ijpsonline.com)
caspases are synthesized as inactive zymogens that can be cleaved to form active enzymes following the induction of apoptosis by stress or death receptors. (enzolifesciences.com)
The anti proliferative properties of the C. morifolia petroleum ether extract turned out to be attributable to the induction of cell death as the apoptotic executioner protein caspase 3 was already activated within 2 hours of incubation. (univie.ac.at)
Anti-apoptotic strategies include inhibition of caspase, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), and Bcl-2 proteins as well as induction of the PKB/Akt pathway and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
IL-4 is an important regulatory factor of the Th2 cellular immune response, and plays an important role in the induction of placental growth. (geneticsmr.com)

The caspases can be activated through either the intrinsic (mitochondrial mediated) or extrinsic (death receptor mediated) apoptotic pathways. (geneontology.org)
Cell death occurs under physiological and pathological conditions and mediates through three pathways as follows: apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and necrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Serine/threonine (S/T) protein kinases are crucial components of diverse signaling pathways in eukaryotes, including the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. (inamericawithgrace.com)
which uncouple the GPCRs from G proteins, target the re ceptors to clathrin coated pits for endocytosis, and serve as adaptors for other signaling pathways such as these of mito gen activated protein kinases. (phosphorylase-signal.com)

SIRPγ (CD172g) may play a regulatory role in T cell-T cell interactions and may induce apoptosis through CD47. (bdbiosciences.com)

The expression of cell cycle regulatory- and apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated by Western blot. (dsmc.or.kr)

Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)

In an attempt to understand potential novel functions of receptors in vivo, we evaluated gene expression after cross-linking the activating Ly-49D mouse NK receptor. (aai.org)
Thus, we conclude that a primary role for the activating NK receptors in vivo may be to trigger soluble factor production and regulation of the immune response. (aai.org)
These receptors either inhibit or activate NK cell functions such as cytolysis or cytokine secretion. (aai.org)
2 However, the human KIRs are structurally dissimilar to the murine Ly-49 family of receptors because they belong to the Ig superfamily of receptors. (aai.org)
These Ly-49 inhibitory receptors, as well as inhibitory KIRs, contain cytoplasmic immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that are phosphorylated upon stimulation, leading to the recruitment of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1) and attenuation of intracellular signals ( 1 , 4 , 5 ). (aai.org)
In contrast, the predicted amino acid sequences for the activating receptors, Ly-49D and Ly-49H, do not contain any ITIMs in their cytoplasmic domains, confirming that these are not inhibitory receptors ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). (aai.org)
Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the activating receptors do not become phosphorylated after pervanadate treatment or receptor cross-linking and do not recruit SHP-1 ( 10 ). (aai.org)
Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
Endocannabinoids can affect multiple cellular targets, such as cannabinoid (CB) receptors, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ( $PPAR{\gamma}$ ). (koreascience.kr)

PMID:14996496, table 1 provides links to papers that describe subcellular location of many pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. (geneontology.org)
The intrinsic apoptotic pathway has been chosen for a Reference Genome project as the curation work will complement and inform a planned apoptosis content meeting scheduled for June the 1st, assisted by domain experts from the Apo-Sys Consortium. (geneontology.org)
Phase contrast microscopy evidenced some specific morphological modifications indicating apoptosis allied cytotoxicity of piperine like apoptotic bodies, condensed nucleus and membrane blabbing. (ijpsonline.com)
caspases (e.g. caspase-3, -6, and -7) in a cascade-like manner, which cleave key cellular proteins that lead to the morphological changes associated with apoptotic cell death. (enzolifesciences.com)
Thus, understanding the mechanism of apoptosis gives detailed insights of anti-apoptotic molecular targets. (biomedcentral.com)
Surprisingly, although in response to the apoptotic inducer staurosporine PKR itself is not phosphorylated, PKR triggers the cleavage of HuR via its downstream effector FADD that in turn activates the caspase-8/caspase-3 pathway. (edu.sa)

EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis, and EV surface protein profiles were analyzed by multiplex bead-based flow cytometry to identify tumor- or immune system-related EVs of AML, ALL, CLL, and healthy samples. (nature.com)

Phosphorylation of Ser392 in p53 has been shown to associate with the formation of human tumors. (thermofisher.com)
Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)
Phosphorylation by mTOR of 4E-BP1 disrupts its binding to eIF4E, a protein that binds the 5'-cap structure of mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
There are lots of important structural aspects that cluster all around the ATP binding website of protein kinases, which includes the phosphate binding loop, the C helix, the hinge connecting the massive and tiny lobes, as well as the activation loop, and that is typically a website of phosphorylation. (phosphorylase-signal.com)

Overexpression of miR-128-3p or knockdown of TGFBR2 ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
These pro- has been implicated as contributing apoptosis, inflammation, and several liferating cel s replace dead cel s to the cancer phenotype, through pleiotropic responses. (who.int)
Sjöberg A., Önnerfjord, P., Mörgelin, M., Heinegård, D. and Blom A. M. (2005) Extracellular matrix and inflammation: fibromodulin activates the classical pathway of complement by directly binding C1q. (lu.se)

RNA-seq results showed that transcription factors and macrophage inflammatory proteins were significantly downregulated in the DNMT3A mutant clones. (frontiersin.org)
RNase protection assays and chemokine protein production analysis validated the microarray results, as cross-linking the Ly-49D mouse NK receptor induced high levels of IFN-γ, lymphotactin, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)1α, and MIP1β. (aai.org)

miRNA-149 inhibits the biological behavior of gastric cancer by targeting FOXC1, providing a promising target in the treatment of human gastric cancer. (hindawi.com)
Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important tumor suppressor in the development of various human cancers [1] and inhibits translation rather than transcription. (plos.org)

Cytochrome c then forms a multi-protein complex known as the 'apoptosome' and initiates activation of the caspase cascade through caspase 9. (geneontology.org)
Although the presence of active caspases and DNA fragmentation is helpful in identifying possible apoptosis, they should not be employed as an exclusive means to demonstrate this process as apototic cell death can occur without DNA fragmentation or caspase activity. (geneontology.org)
The results of western blotting showed the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 proteins increased following aloe-emodin treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Initiator caspases (e.g. caspase-8 and -10) are activated by dimerization of the zymogen on a dedicated adaptor protein. (enzolifesciences.com)
Different adhesion molecules are required for apoptosis, particularly caspase family as well as noncaspase proteases. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, our results support a model whereby in response to lethal stress, PKR, without being phosphorylated, activates the FADD/caspase-8/caspase-3 pathway to trigger HuR cleavage, and the HuR-CPs are then capable of promoting apoptosis. (edu.sa)

Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)

PI3K activates a number of signaling molecules, among which the Akt/mTOR pathway is of particular interest because of its role in inhibiting apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Sjöberg A., Trouw L., McGrath F., Hack E. C. and Blom A. M. (2006) Regulation of complement activation by C-reactive protein: targeting of the inhibitory activity of C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)

In terms of mechanism, the functional gain and loss experiments of human LEC show that TLR3 regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion of LEC and EMT induced by TGF-β2 by targeting the Jagged-1/Notch signaling pathway to affect the development of fibrotic cataract. (researchsquare.com)
For example, excessive inhibition by which tissue remodeling takes place during normal of apoptosis is an underlying mechanism of cancer, while growth and development and the physiologic mechanism an inappropriate increase is seen in some neurodegenera- by which labile cell populations such as gastrointestinal tive diseases and other conditions. (cdc.gov)

Glioblastomas showed cytoplasmic overexpression of autophagic proteins in a varying extent, so that cases could be grouped into low and high expression groups. (ox.ac.uk)

These activate the ""late"" transcriptional reprogramming influencing DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. (europa.eu)
Pdx1 is mutated in monogenic forms of human diabetes and plays critical roles in early pancreas specification, regulation of organ size, and in beta cell formation, proliferation, and identity. (upenn.edu)
Regarded as constitutively active enzymes, known to participate in many, diverse biological processes, the intracellular regulation bestowed on the CK1 family of serine/threonine protein kinases is critically important, yet poorly understood. (inamericawithgrace.com)

BCL2 proteins are described as 'crucial regulators of apoptosis' (PMID:15868100)and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, which results in the activation of caspases (15102863) - help in generating a defintion for intrinsic apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
In this project, I will employ biochemical, cell, systems biology and computational approaches to study the relevance of post-transcriptional regulators such as RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs in DDR. (europa.eu)

Oral and pharyngeal cancer is the most common malignant human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)

p53 mediates cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to DNA damage or starvation for pyrimidine nucleotides. (thermofisher.com)

1999. Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard (HD): Cytokine release using a non-enzymatic detachment procedure. (cdc.gov)

The present study provides the basis for autophagic characterization of human glioblastoma for further translational studies and targeted therapy trials. (ox.ac.uk)

Activating Protein 2 (AP-2) is a family of closely related transcription factors which plays a critical role in regulating gene expression during early development. (wikipedia.org)
The tumor suppressor protein, p53, is a sequence specific transcription factor that is activated by cellular stress. (thermofisher.com)
pRB functions as a negative regulatory transcription factor during the G1 to S phase cell cycle transition. (medscape.com)

Die Aktivierung des zellregulatorischen Proteins Chk2 und der damit korrelierende S Phase Arrest nach 24 Stunden wäre demnach durch DNA Schäden aufgrund des vorschreitenden Zelltod verursacht. (univie.ac.at)
Changes in the levels of cell regulatory proteins were observed thereafter, in particular, Chk2 was activated upon DNA cleavage initiated by the foregoing onset of apoptosis,and this correlated with the S phase cell arrest after 24 hours. (univie.ac.at)
Alteration of human being Container1 (hPOT1) function can result in G-strand overhang reduction chromosomal-end fusions chromosomal rearrangements and fast cell routine arrest ultimately resulting in senescence and apoptosis (7 9 11 Furthermore to offering a protective cover for the ssDNA overhang Container1 can be an important regulatory protein permitting controlled usage of the 3′ result in purchase to facilitate full chromosome replication (14-17). (academicediting.org)
In many cell lines, exposure to rapamycin results in a relatively small decrease in overall protein synthesis (~15-20%), but dose result specifically in G1 cell cycle arrest. (biomedcentral.com)

Human gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN28 were cultured and transfected with miR-149 overexpression plasmid and its control or FOXC1 siRNA and its control. (hindawi.com)

These substances have been suggested to improve chromosome end availability by inducing MLN4924 manufacture G-quadruplex development on the telomere ends hence restricting gain access to of telomerase to its substrate (29 47 This course of compounds demonstrated quite effective in tumor cell lines producing a amazingly rapid lack of telomeric DNA and apoptosis in mere several cell cycles whilst having no influence on regular cell lines (52-57). (academicediting.org)

These antigens include organic dusts containing bacteria, fungi,4 animal or plant proteins, or low-molecular-weight chemicals. (cdc.gov)

The complement protein C3b, along with its cleavage product C3bi, is a potent agent of opsonization in the complement cascade. (medscape.com)

def of apoptosis includes requirement for caspases - is this correct? (geneontology.org)
does all activation of caspases require other proteins also involved in apoptosis - therefore shouldn't this term be a part of apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death involving the degradation of cellular constituents by a group of cysteine proteases called caspases. (geneontology.org)
The caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that cleave after certain aspartate residues, and are primarily recognized as mediators of apoptosis. (enzolifesciences.com)
These activated initiator caspases in-turn cleave downstream effector or ?executioner? (enzolifesciences.com)

Some studies also suggest that mTOR may be a cellular context-dependent, pleiotropic regulator of apoptosis, although conclusive demonstration of mTOR inactivation in such circumstances is lacking [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Blom A. M . , Berggård K., Webb J. H., Villoutreix B., Lindahl G. and Dahlbäck B. (2000) Human C4b-binding protein has overlapping but not identical binding sites for C4b and streptococcal M-proteins. (lu.se)

We use genomic and proteomic approaches integrated with genetic mouse models and primary human islet investigations to define the partners of PDX1 and its downstream transcriptional targets. (upenn.edu)
New regulatory targets were discovered and novel functions of known proteins were uncovered. (janechin.net)

abstract = "The RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) has been implicated in apoptosis in multiple ways. (edu.sa)

The exaggerated immune response to repeated inhalation of these particles leads to infiltration and proliferation of activated pulmonary macrophages and lymphocytes, resulting in lymphocytic alveolitis and bronchiolitis with noncaseating granulomas. (cdc.gov)
Lymphocytes, in particular, undergo massive and infection, potentially improving outcomes for patients in a apparently unregulated apoptosis in human patients and variety of disease states. (cdc.gov)

The proposed project aims to identify the dynamics of RNA-protein interactions during DNA damage response (DDR) using high-throughput "omics" approaches. (europa.eu)
Furthermore, the deleterious aftereffect of missense mutations can occur not merely from immediate disruption of CAPN3 function(s), but additionally from disruption from the protein's structural integrity, that could affect its intra or intermolecular protein lead and interactions to decreased stability or altered localization. (exposed-skin-care.net)

The OX-119 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes Signal-regulatory protein gamma (SIRP-gamma or SIRPγ) which is also known as CD172g or Signal-regulatory protein beta 2 (SIRP-beta-2 or SIRPβ2). (bdbiosciences.com)

He also showed that double-stranded (ds)RNA- and ZDNA binding proteins had a role in poxvirus pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)

Mutants of p53 that frequently occur in a number of different human cancers fail to bind the consensus DNA binding site, and cause the loss of tumor suppressor activity. (thermofisher.com)
We will discuss three key proteins that function as tumor suppressors implicated in the development of pediatric (and some adult) cancers: pRB, p53, and PTEN. (medscape.com)
Studies [ 13 - 15 ] have shown that miR-149 plays an important role in many cancers, although its regulatory role in the FOXC1-mediated progression of gastric cancer remains unclear. (hindawi.com)

Special EV surface protein patterns in serum have the potential as noninvasive biomarker candidates to distinguish several disease-related patterns ex vivo or in vivo. (nature.com)

The MBL protein can activate the C4 and C2 components of complement by forming a complex with serine proteases known as MASP1 and MASP2. (medscape.com)

At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
577Role of Cellular Proteins in RV Replication. (vdocuments.net)
Kask L., Hillarp A., Ramesh B., Dahlbäck B., and Blom A. M. (2002) Structural requirements for the intra-cellular subunit polymerization of the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)

AEA can directly activate $PPAR{\gamma}$ . (koreascience.kr)

Prevention of lymphocyte apoptosis, same process by which these cell populations are regulat- through either genetic modification of the host or treatment ed during normal health ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)

The disruption outcome of apoptosis could result in bone-related diseases such as osteonecrosis. (biomedcentral.com)

2006). Because of their low toxicity profile in vivo, statins have been studied in humans. (cp-673451inhibitor.com)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein through targeting the 3′UTR of messenger RNA (mRNA), resulting in mRNA degradation or suppression of translation [ 5 ]. (degruyter.com)
These results suggest that chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fu may down-regulate telomerase activity at both transcriptional level and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-dependent post-transcriptional level to facilitate hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Iodine could regulate the death receptor pathway and induce MG-63 and Saos-2 cell apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a relatively common malignancy of the digestive system and one of the human malignancies with the worst prognosis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that are widely used in human to lower cholesterol levels (Carroll et al. (cp-673451inhibitor.com)
The ATP binding internet site is extremely conserved among all protein kinases and it is the binding internet site for many reported inhibitors of GRKs as well as other kinases. (phosphorylase-signal.com)

2012. Vitamin C deficiency activates the purine nucleotide cycle in zebrafish. . (oregonstate.edu)
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can alter gene function and protein expression. (geneticsmr.com)

Alterations of the TP53 gene occur not only as somatic mutations in human malignancies, but also as germline mutations in some cancer-prone families such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. (thermofisher.com)
Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)

1991. Genetic activity of the human carcinogen sulphur mustard towards salmonella and the mouse bone marrow. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy26

Organisms13

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs126

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes59

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Signalling pathway1

Differentiation8

Kinase18

Induces apoptosis1

Cells59

Genes7

Autophagy3

Induction7

Pathways4

Induce apoptosis1

Evaluated by Western blot1

Detected by flow cytometry1

Receptors9

Apoptotic6

Flow cytometry1

Phosphorylation4

Inflammation3

Macrophage2

Inhibits2

Caspase6

Extracellular1

Molecules1

Inhibitory1

Mechanism2

Cytoplasmic1

Regulation3

Regulators2

Malignant1

Mediates1

Keratinocytes1

Autophagic1

Transcription3

Arrest4

Overexpression1

Tumor cell1

Plant proteins1

Cleavage1

Caspases5

Pleiotropic1

20001

Targets2

Antigen1

Lymphocytes2

Interactions2

Antibody1

Pathogenesis1

Cancers3

Serum1

Serine1

Cellular3

PPAR1

Cell populations1

Disruption1

Vivo1

Regulate3

Prognosis1

Inhibitors2

Nucleotide2

Mutations2

Genetic1