Activates cyclic amp dependent protein kinases. Medical search. Frequent questions

To map the mechanisms of aggressiveness we aimed to investigate changes in protein phosphorylation across WHO grades of human meningiomas. (nature.com)
It is possible that M2 and M2 come from dif-ferent modification of receptor proteins, such as phosphorylation, methylation, association with other protein or polymerization. (nii.ac.jp)
Publications] Y. Watanabe: 'Effect of phosphorylation of inhibitory GTP-binding protein by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase on its ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin, islet-activating protein. (nii.ac.jp)
Protein phosphorylation represents a key step for most signaling systems, and it is involved in the regulation of virtually all cellular functions. (unimore.it)
The changes in kinase activity are mirrored by changes in the phosphorylation of selected protein substrates in subcellular compartments (presynaptic terminals and microtubules), which, in rum, ma), contribute to the modulation of synaptic transmission observed with antidepressants. (unimore.it)
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that both binding of active PKAc to dSlo and phosphorylation of dSlo or some other protein are necessary for channel modulation. (elsevierpure.com)
The method, named Predikin, identifies key conserved substrate-determining residues in the kinase catalytic domain that contact the substrate in the region of the phosphorylation site and so determine the sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site. (biomedcentral.com)
Predikin now consists of two components: (i) PredikinDB, a database of phosphorylation sites that links substrates to kinase sequences and (ii) a Perl module, which provides methods to classify protein kinases, reliably identify substrate-determining residues, generate scoring matrices and score putative phosphorylation sites in query sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
New features in Predikin include the use of SQL queries to PredikinDB to generate predictions, scoring of predictions, more reliable identification of substrate-determining residues and putative phosphorylation sites, extended options to handle protein kinase and substrate data and an improved web interface. (biomedcentral.com)
The post-translational modification of proteins by phosphorylation of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues is a ubiquitous process in cellular regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein kinases, the enzymes responsible for protein phosphorylation, make up almost 2% of protein-encoding genes in the human genome [ 1 ] and an estimated 30-50% of human proteins are phosphorylated [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased intracellular cyclic AMP increases the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin and lowers intracellular calcium concentrations. (pharmfair.com)
We show that MAPKAP kinase-2 phosphorylates CREB at Ser133 in vitro, that the FGF- or stress-induced activation of MAPKAP kinase-2 and phosphorylation of CREB and ATF-1 are prevented by similar concentrations of the specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB 203580, and that MAPKAP kinase-2 is the only detectable SB 203580-sensitive CREB kinase in SK-N-MC cell extracts. (dundee.ac.uk)
Protein kinases are these enzymes found inside our body which are responsible for catalyzing phosphorylation reactions. (kgsepticsewer.com)
The levels of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were not affected by the cAMP-dependent pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
In isolated nerve terminals, rapid changes in synapsin I phosphorylation were observed after Ca2+ entry, namely, a Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of P-sites 1, 2, and 3 and a Ca2+-dependent dephosphorylation of P-sites 4, 5, and 6. (ucl.ac.uk)
Here DARPP-32 phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA), DARPP-32 into a powerful protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibitor. (pp1a.com)
DARPP-32 can itself inhibit the following PKA DARPP-32 phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). (pp1a.com)
Mechanistic investigations revealed reduce GR-Ser211 phosphorylation following PP1α silencing and provide the first indication of the involvement of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). (pp1a.com)

Previous studies have shown the mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) to be activated in macrophages upon infection with. (kgsepticsewer.com)

Constitutive activation of AKT promotes NED, and NED induced by androgen withdrawal is suppressed by the phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT inhibitors [ 5 , 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
We demonstrate here that PDE4 inhibitors enhance the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) secretion in LPS-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages, and this response was regulated at the transcriptional level rather than an increased IL-1Ra mRNA stability. (ox.ac.uk)
The response to GLP-1 was mimicked by forskolin and largely inhibited by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, H89 and myristoylated PKI(14-22) amide, indicating partial mediation via a cAMP/PKA pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)
The vast majority of protein kinase inhibitors bind at the adenosine. (kgsepticsewer.com)

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP , cyclic AMP , or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate ) is a second messenger , or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes. (wikipedia.org)
Earl Sutherland of Vanderbilt University won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1971 "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones", especially epinephrine, via second messengers (such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic AMP). (wikipedia.org)
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate the local concentration of 3',5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) within cells. (nih.gov)
Thus, our discovery of the role of functional interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by calcium ions (Ca 2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction) in these cellular responses, opened a great avenue for the development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. (researchgate.net)
Beta-adrenergic stimulation activates adenylate cyclase, which increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) levels and causes increased calcium influx into myocardial cells. (medscape.com)

cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway . (wikipedia.org)
We further show that the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A [PKA]) pathway maintains the cytoplasmic localization of Sip1 in glucose-grown cells. (elsevierpure.com)
These findings establish a novel mechanism of regulation of Snf1 protein kinase by the PKA pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
B-Raf-dependent regulation of the MEK-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in PC12 cells and regulation by cyclic AMP. (wikidata.org)
The pp60v-src pathway is dependent on a functional Ras signal whereas the cyclin/maturation-promoting factor pathway is not. (ox.ac.uk)
The cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling pathway plays a major role in regulating plant infection from the rice blast fungus and or are both necessary for development of spores and appressoria by and play roles in cell wall differentiation, regulating melanin pigmentation and cell surface hydrophobicity during spore formation. (bio2009.org)
Instead, we identify the FGF-stimulated CREB kinase as MAP kinase-activated protein (MAPKAP) kinase-2, an enzyme that lies immediately downstream of p38 MAP kinase, in a pathway that is also stimulated by cellular stresses. (dundee.ac.uk)
These findings identify a new growth factor and stress-activated signaling pathway that regulates gene expression at the CRE. (dundee.ac.uk)
One pathway results from the direct effect of increased [Ca 2+ ] i , which activates calcineurin, and in turn, it upregulates insulin gene transcription via NFAT. (diabetesjournals.org)
Glucose metabolism activates this pathway by means of increasing [Ca 2+ ] i via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) by affecting the electrical activity of the cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
A major signaling pathway in eukaryotic cells is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway which is implicated in regulating cell. (kgsepticsewer.com)
Fetal hemoglobin inducers such as hemin, butyrate, and hydroxyurea stimulate γ-globin gene expression by activating the cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
Although cGMP activates the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent pathway by suppressing cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3), the effects of the cAMP-dependent pathway on γ-globin gene expression are unknown. (elsevierpure.com)
The cAMP-dependent pathway was activated in K562 cells using the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. (elsevierpure.com)
The cAMP-dependent pathway was found to be activated in K562 cells in which the cGMP-dependent pathway was activated by hemin. (elsevierpure.com)
Activation of the cAMP-dependent pathway by forskolin inhibited hemin-induced expression of γ-globin mRNA and decreased transcriptional activity of the γ-globin gene promoter. (elsevierpure.com)
These results suggested that the cAMP-dependent pathway, which is independent of MAPK pathways, plays a negative role in γ-globin gene expression in K562 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Components of the canonical wingless (WNT) pathway, including WNT8b, WNT10a, WNT10b, frizzled 1 and 2 and TCF4 were upregulated at the messenger RNA and protein levels following Cyclin A2 depletion. (cnrs.fr)

Cyclic AMP is synthesized from ATP by adenylate cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane and anchored at various locations in the interior of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
[1] Adenylate cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylate cyclase stimulatory G ( G s )-protein-coupled receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Adenylate cyclase is inhibited by agonists of adenylate cyclase inhibitory G ( G i )-protein-coupled receptors. (wikipedia.org)
It is believed that salbutamol increases cAMP production by activating adenylate cyclase, and the actions of salbutamol are mediated by cAMP. (pharmfair.com)
The g protein dissociates and one subunit interacts with and activates an enzyme - adenylate cyclase- which converts atp into a second messenger. (kgsepticsewer.com)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Snf1 protein kinase has three isoforms of the β subunit that confer versatility on the kinase and that exhibit distinct patterns of subcellular localization. (elsevierpure.com)
However, the effect of FGF is not mediated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, TPA-sensitive isoforms of protein kinase-C, p70(S6K) or p90(rsk) (all of which phosphorylate CREB at Ser133 in vitro). (dundee.ac.uk)
The Akt kinase family comprises three highly homologous isoforms: Akt1 (PKBα), Akt2 (PKBβ), and Akt3 (PKBγ) [4,14]. (inamericawithgrace.com)

cAMP decomposition into AMP is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphodiesterase . (wikipedia.org)
Phosphodiesterase 4B negatively regulates endotoxin-activated interleukin-1 receptor antagonist responses in macrophages. (ox.ac.uk)
Increases cyclic AMP by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 3, which is responsible for cAMP catabolism. (derangedphysiology.com)

Previously pp60v-src, cyclin A, p39mos, and maturation-promoting factor (composed of Cdc2 and cyclin B) have been shown to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK kinase (MEK) in cell-free extracts of Xenopus oocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
Here we show that protein kinase C (PKC) is also able to stimulate MAPK in a Ras-dependent manner, but PKC is not necessary for signaling by pp60v-src. (ox.ac.uk)
In addition, preincubation of extracts with cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) blocks stimulation of MAPK by cyclin, p21V12ras, PKC, or pp60v-src, by at least 50%, but stimulation by c-Mos is unaffected. (ox.ac.uk)
Furthermore, inhibition of endogenous PKA by the heat-stable PKA inhibitor is sufficient to stimulate MAPK activity in these extracts in the absence of protein synthesis and without dependence on a functional Ras protein. (ox.ac.uk)
These results suggest that independent pp60v-src and PKC pathways converge at Ras and that PKA acts to block MAPK activation by both Ras-dependent and -independent signals. (ox.ac.uk)
Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a regulatory link between the membrane-associated Ras GTPases and the MAPK/ERK cascade, and this critical regulatory link functions as a switch determining cell fate decisions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, survival and oncogenic transformation. (inamericawithgrace.com)
The kinases of this family that have been suggested to play a role in apoptosis are the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, specifically p42/44 ERK, p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase B (PKB), or Akt and protein kinase C (PKC). (inamericawithgrace.com)

Cyclic AMP binds to specific locations on the regulatory units of the protein kinase, and causes dissociation between the regulatory and catalytic subunits, thus enabling those catalytic units to phosphorylate substrate proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The active subunits catalyze the transfer of phosphate from ATP to specific serine or threonine residues of protein substrates. (wikipedia.org)
They are tetrameric proteins that contain two catalytic subunits and two type II-specific regulatory subunits. (uchicago.edu)
Rgs1, a regulator of G-protein signaling, interacts with all the three G subunits and functions as a negative regulator of G-proteins in [52]. (bio2009.org)
The camp-dependent protein kinase (pka) holoenzyme is composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits, designated pka r and pka c, respectively. (kgsepticsewer.com)
Cell surface cyclic AMP receptors are not included (CYCLIC AMP RECEPTORS), nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP receptor proteins, which are the regulatory subunits of CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. (bvsalud.org)

We have previously described an approach to predicting the substrate specificity of serine-threonine protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
Regarded as constitutively active enzymes, known to participate in many, diverse biological processes, the intracellular regulation bestowed on the CK1 family of serine/threonine protein kinases is critically important, yet poorly understood. (inamericawithgrace.com)

cAMP is associated with kinases function in several biochemical processes, including the regulation of glycogen , sugar , and lipid metabolism . (wikipedia.org)
Evidence is accumulating that small G proteins are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. (nii.ac.jp)
Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by protein kinases A and C in a cell-free system. (ox.ac.uk)
These results indicate that CREB/ATF-1-related factors act coordinately with the cell-specific factor GHF1 to mediate cAMP-dependent regulation of hGH-1 gene transcription in anterior pituitary somatotrophs. (elsevierpure.com)
Shepard, AR, Zhang, W & Eberhardt, NL 1994, ' Two CGTCA motifs and a GHF1/Pit1 binding site mediate cAMP-dependent protein kinase A regulation of human growth hormone gene expression in rat anterior pituitary GC cells ', Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 269, no. 3, pp. 1804-1814. (elsevierpure.com)
Synapsins are well established targets for multiple protein kinases within the nerve terminal, yet little is known about dephosphorylation processes involved in regulation of synapsin function. (ucl.ac.uk)

In addition, cAMP binds to and regulates the function of ion channels such as the HCN channels and a few other cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins such as Epac1 and RAPGEF2 . (wikipedia.org)
The Snf1 catalytic subunit also exhibits aberrant localization to the vacuolar membrane in PKA-deficient cells, indicating that PKA regulates the localization of Snf1-Sip1 protein kinase. (elsevierpure.com)
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activates a protein kinase cascade in SK-N-MC cells that regulates gene expression at a cyclic-AMP response element (CRE) by stimulating the transcriptional activity of CREB. (dundee.ac.uk)
The second messenger cyclic AMP regulates many nuclear processes including transcription, pre-mRNA splicing and mitosis. (bvsalud.org)
By acting as a ligand-dependent transcription factor of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediates the action of glucocorticoids and regulates many physiological processes. (pp1a.com)

Significantly, the actions of both GLP-1 and forskolin were abolished by the selective Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) inhibitor, FK506, as well as by the chelation of intracellular Ca 2+ by BAPTA (bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N,N,N ′ ,N ′-tetraacetate). (diabetesjournals.org)
Cyclic nucleotides, including cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP (cGMP) and cyclic ADP-ribose, have been extensively studied as second messengers of intracellular events initiated by activation of GPCRs. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The proximal events of TLR-mediated intracellular signaling are initiated by interactions with cytosolic adapters, mainly myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) [ 25 ]. (hindawi.com)
Activation of AMPK was mediated by a CO(2)-triggered increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-beta (CaMKK-beta). (ilh-giessen.de)

The Tax protein has pleiotropic effects on host-cell gene expression and activates several pathways such as the cyclic AMP responsive binding protein (CREB), the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), the cyclin-dependant kinases (CDKs), and the Akt pathways. (nih.gov)
The Tax protein has pleiotropic effects on host-cell gene expression and activates several pathways such as the cyclic AMP responsive binding protein (CREB), the nuclear factor kappa-B, the cyclin-dependant kinases (CDKs), and the Akt pathways. (nih.gov)
However, both pathways activate CREB to induce IL-1Ra expression. (ox.ac.uk)
These data suggest that the synergistic action of glucose and GLP-1 to promote insulin gene transcription is mediated through NFAT via PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Two signaling pathways arising from glucose metabolism converge to activate NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
Akt is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that plays a critical role in controlling the balance between survival and death pathways in cells. (inamericawithgrace.com)
Serine/threonine (S/T) protein kinases are crucial components of diverse signaling pathways in eukaryotes, including the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. (inamericawithgrace.com)

Drosophila Slowpoke (dSlo) calcium-dependent potassium channels bind directly to the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKAc). (elsevierpure.com)
Somatic mutations of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACA) gene in Japanese patients with several adrenal adenomas secreting cortisol [Rapid Communication]. (cdc.gov)
Novel somatic mutations in the catalytic subunit of the protein kinase A as a cause of adrenal Cushing's syndrome: a European multicentric study. (cdc.gov)

We have purified and characterized several GDP/GTP exchange proteins (GDP dissociation stimulator (GDS) and GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI)) and GTPase activating Proteins (GAP) for small G proteins. (nii.ac.jp)
Functionally active targeting domain of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase: an inhibitor of G beta gamma-mediated stimulation of type II adenylyl cyclase. (musc.edu)

The new features significantly enhance the ability of Predikin to analyse protein kinases and their substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein kinases and their substrates regulate essentially all cellular processes through complex regulatory networks, in which phosphorylated proteins act as switches that tune the response of the cell to environmental stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
In general, a protein kinase acts on a discrete set of substrates to ensure that signalling fidelity is maintained. (biomedcentral.com)
The prediction of peptide specificity is therefore the basis for most of the available computational methods aimed at predicting substrates of protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
P-sites 2 and 3 phosphorylated by Ca2+ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) were excellent substrates for protein phosphatase 2A, whereas P-sites 4, 5, and 6 (phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinase) were efficiently dephosphorylated only by Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B-calcineurin. (ucl.ac.uk)

Considerably higher resistance against cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases compared to dibutyryl- or 8-Br-cAMP (Cat. (biolog.de)

The Snf1/AMP-activated protein kinase family has diverse roles in cellular responses to metabolic stress. (elsevierpure.com)
We hypothesize that: CAFO dust-induced lung inflammation is treatable by blocking PKC isoform-triggered airway cytokine release, activating PKA and inhibiting dust-derived proteases and their cellular targets. (cdc.gov)
In siliteo analysis reinforced previously reported anti-inflammatory actions of 5-MeO-DMT & revealed modulatory effects on proteins associated with long-term potentiation, the formation of dendritic spines, including those involved in cellular protrusion formation, microtubule dynamics, and cytoskeletal reorganization. (baoninhsunrise.com)
Cellular expression of the carboxyl terminus of a G protein-coupled receptor kinase attenuates G beta gamma-mediated signaling. (musc.edu)
In cell biology, protein kinase a (pka) refers to a family of enzymes whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic amp (camp). (kgsepticsewer.com)
Within the cytoplasm of the cardiac myocyte milrinone inhibits the enzyme PDE 3 which results in the inhibition of the breakdown of cyclic AMP which in turn results in elevated cellular levels of cAMP. (derangedphysiology.com)

Crystal structures of protein kinases with bound substrate peptides show that substrate residues at positions -3 to +3 relative to the phosphorylated serine, threonine or tyrosine residue adopt an extended conformation and bind to a pocket in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

BR serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BRSK2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Milrinone also cause peripheral vasodilatation by inhibiting PDE3 in vascular smooth muscle cells which again results in elevated cAMP levels.In vascular smooth muscle cAMP normally inhibits myosin light chain kinase the enzyme that is responsible for phosphorylating smooth muscle myosin and causing muscle contraction. (derangedphysiology.com)

The second factor, termed peptide specificity, describes the interaction between amino acid residues in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase and the substrate residues that surround the phosphorylated residue. (biomedcentral.com)
The relative contribution of substrate recruitment and peptide specificity to protein kinase substrate specificity varies between protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it is recognised that for many protein kinase families, particularly those that phosphorylate Ser/Thr residues, peptide specificity is the major factor that determines substrate specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
The specificity of serine/threonine kinases is partly determined by interactions with a few residues near the phospho-acceptor residue, forming the so-called kinase-substrate motif. (inamericawithgrace.com)

Protein kinase A can also phosphorylate specific proteins that bind to promoter regions of DNA, causing increases in transcription. (wikipedia.org)
The great majority are serine/threonine kinases, which phosphorylate the hydroxyl groups of serines and threonines in their targets. (inamericawithgrace.com)

the ≃45-kDa protein may represent CREB. (elsevierpure.com)
The activation of CREB is prevented by a dominant negative mutant of Ras and triggered via the same site (Ser133) that becomes phosphorylated in response to cyclic AMP and Ca 2+ . (dundee.ac.uk)
We also show that transfection of RK/p38 MAP kinase in SK-N-MC cells, but not transfection of p44 MAP kinase, activates Gal4-CREB-dependent transcription via Ser133. (dundee.ac.uk)

cAMP modifies cell function in all eukaryotic cells, principally through the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), but also through cAMP-gated ion channels and guanine nucleotide exchange factors directly activated by cAMP. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Activator of protein kinase A (cyclic AMP agonist). (biolog.de)
Cyclic AMP receptor protein was originally identified as a catabolite gene activator protein. (bvsalud.org)

In this research project, we have investigated the C-terminal structures of small G proteins, purified the regulatory proteins for small G proteins, and made monoclonal antibodies against small G proteins and their regulatory proteins. (nii.ac.jp)
Among these regulatory proteins, we have cloned the cDNAs of smg p21 GDS, smg p25A GDI, and rho GDI, and made monoclonal antibodies against them. (nii.ac.jp)

However, metabolic dysregulated factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and sirtuins may serve as therapeutic targets to control this response by mitigating both Toll-like receptors and inflammasome signaling. (hindawi.com)

Glucose and GLP-1 also synergistically activated NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells)-mediated transcription from a minimal promoter construct containing tandem NFAT consensus sequences. (diabetesjournals.org)
We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
NFAT binds to three distinct NFAT elements within the rat I insulin promoter and activates insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
This phenomenon depends on intrinsically disordered regions present at its amino-terminus and is independent of protein kinase A. Finally, we demonstrate that nuclear Exchange Protein Activated by cyclic AMP 1 condensates assemble at genomic loci on chromosome 6 in the proximity of Histone Locus Bodies and promote the transcription of a histone gene cluster. (bvsalud.org)
Collectively, our data reveal an unexpected mechanism through which cyclic AMP contributes to nuclear spatial compartmentalization and promotes the transcription of specific genes. (bvsalud.org)
First, the general TFs (GTFs), including preinitiation complex components TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and THIIH, are the primary protein factors that are required for the initiation of transcription from the TATA box (or TATA element), then elongation is executed by RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)

A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subtype primarily found in particulate subcellular fractions. (uchicago.edu)

Inhibition of calcineurin activity by cyclosporin A resulted in a complete block of Ca2+-dependent dephosphorylation of P-sites 4, 5, and 6 and correlated with a prominent increase in ionomycin-evoked glutamate release. (ucl.ac.uk)

2020 ) Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and D1 dopamine receptors regulate diacylglycerol lipase-α and synaptic 2-arachidonoyl glycerol signaling. (neurotree.org)
In both and Flo8 interacts with Efg1, a homolog of the Phd1/Sok2 and StuA proteins that regulate morphogenesis of and FoStuA, GcStuA and MoStu1 (Mstu1), have recently been recognized [29]C[31]. (bio2009.org)

The first, termed substrate recruitment, encompasses any process that increases the effective concentration of the protein kinase substrate. (biomedcentral.com)

Protein kinase a (pka) exists as a tetrameric holoenzyme which activates with increase of camp and plays an important role in many. (kgsepticsewer.com)

2018 ) Dorsal BNST α-adrenergic receptors produce HCN-dependent excitatory actions that initiate anxiogenic behaviors. (neurotree.org)

Dopamine and cyclic-AMP activated Mr32kDa phosphoprotein (DARPP-32) is a central signaling proteins in neurotransmission. (pp1a.com)

In order to assess the importance of S/T kinases to Neurospora biology, we embarked on a global analysis of 86 S/T kinase genes in Neurospora. (inamericawithgrace.com)
We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
La proteína receptora del AMP cíclico se identificó originalmente como proteína activadora de genes catabólicos. (bvsalud.org)

These are termed Exchange proteins activated by cAMP (Epac) and the family comprises Epac1 and Epac2 . (wikipedia.org)

The phosphorylated proteins may act directly on the cell's ion channels, or may become activated or inhibited enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
Protein kinases belong among the most intensively studied classes of enzymes. (kgsepticsewer.com)

Phosphoproteomic techniques have been widely employed to identify kinase activity, which may lend itself to pharmaceutical blockade. (nature.com)
In 1998 a family of cAMP-sensitive proteins with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity was discovered. (wikipedia.org)
There is a superfamily of ras p21/ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins (small G proteins) with GTPase activity. (nii.ac.jp)
This study found an increase in excess GR transcriptional activity of protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1α) in HEK-293 cells and a decrease in the expression levels of GR-responsive gene knockdown following PP1α model A549 cells endogenously . (pp1a.com)
Proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity involved in cell survival and cell proliferation and thus providing a selective advantage in tumorigenesis (PubMed:15528381, PubMed:1825810, PubMed:31548394). (inamericawithgrace.com)

This phenotype was potentiated by activated oncogenic H-Ras. (cnrs.fr)

Most of small G proteins have the unique consensus C-terminal motifs containing at least one cysteine residue. (nii.ac.jp)

In eukaryotes, cyclic AMP works by activating protein kinase A (PKA, or cAMP-dependent protein kinase ). (wikipedia.org)

Publications] Sasaki,T.: 'A mammalian inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange protein(GDI)for smg p25A is active on the yeast SEC4 protein. (nii.ac.jp)

Tax-expressing cells also exhibit nuclear morphological aberrancy, frequent multinucleation, aneuploidy, and loss of function of the tumor suppressor protein p53. (nih.gov)

Herpes simplex virus protein kinase US3 activates and functionally overlaps protein kinase A to block apoptosis. (uchicago.edu)
In yeasts, several downstream target proteins of PKA have also been recognized and functionally characterized. (bio2009.org)

TLRs are membrane-anchored proteins present in several cell types ranging from macrophages and T and B cells to nonimmune cells such as cardiomyocytes [ 20 , 21 ]. (hindawi.com)

It is also involved in the activation of protein kinases . (wikipedia.org)
The molecular consequences of protein kinase activation may account for some of the alterations in neural function induced by antidepressants, and may suggest novel possible strategies of pharmacological intervention. (unimore.it)
Elevated CO(2) levels caused a rapid activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in AECs, a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis. (ilh-giessen.de)
Activation of AMPK or overexpression of constitutively active AMPK was sufficient to activate PKC-zeta and promote Na,K-ATPase endocytosis. (ilh-giessen.de)

How a particular protein kinase recognises its substrate protein(s) is therefore a key question. (biomedcentral.com)
Two major factors determine the formation of a protein kinase-substrate complex [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

TLR ligands include high-mobility group B1 (HMGB1), heat shock proteins (HSP60, HSP70), endotoxins, and extracellular matrix components [ 23 ]. (hindawi.com)

We have found that the C-terminal systeine residues of smg p21B, rhoA p21, and smg p25A are geranylgeranylated, and that these prenylation are essential for each small G protein to bind to membranes. (nii.ac.jp)

These two opposing, rapid, Ca2+-dependent processes may play a crucial role in the modulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking within the presynaptic terminal. (ucl.ac.uk)

Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the Adcy1 promoter is selectively activated by neuronal PAS-domain protein 2 (NPAS2)/BMAL1. (jneurosci.org)

Cardiac maCh-R (M2 subtype) are thought to consist of a single species of receptor protein. (nii.ac.jp)
The results showed that cardiac maCh-R consist of two subclasses, both regulated by GTP binding proteins. (nii.ac.jp)

Serine/threonine kinases as molecular targets of antidepressants: Implications for pharmacological treatment and pathophysiology of affective disorders / Popoli, M. (unimore.it)
Defects in these networks result in a variety of disease states making protein kinases important targets for drug design [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Nuclear localization sequences and conserved domains of the MoSom1 and MoCdtf1 proteins are crucial for 192203-60-4 his or her biological function. (bio2009.org)

Anatomy19

Organisms13

Chemicals and Drugs165

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes43

Information Science3

Phosphorylation19

Mitogen-Activat1

Inhibitors4

Adenosine monophosphate5

Pathway18

Adenylate cyclase5

Isoforms3

Phosphodiesterase3

MAPK7

Subunits6

Serine-threonine protein kinases2

Regulation6

Regulates5

Intracellular4

Pathways7

Catalytic subunit3

Inhibitor2

Substrates5

Phosphodiesterases1

Cellular6

Peptides1

Enzyme2

Specificity4

Phosphorylate2

CREB3

Eukaryotic cells1

Activator2

Regulatory2

Peroxisome prolifera1

Transcription6

Subcellular1

Calcineurin1

Regulate2

Increases1

Tetrameric1

Receptors1

Dopamine1

Genes3

Termed Exchange proteins1

Enzymes2

Activity5

Oncogenic1

Residue1

Eukaryotes1

Inhibitory1

Tumor1

Functionally2

Macrophages1

Activation4

Substrate2

Ligands1

Bind1

Modulation1

Promoter1

Cardiac2

Targets2

Crucial1