Activate lymphocytes cell proliferation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Lymphocytes, alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells contain PDE IV and PDE III, and in addition, PDE I is measured in macrophages and PDE II in endothelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
Corresponding to isoenzyme analysis, it was demonstrated that both PDE III and PDE IV have to be inhibited for complete suppression of either tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release from macrophages, or lymphocyte proliferation (PDE III/IV cells). (ersjournals.com)
alveolar macrophages and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and for T-cell reactivity. (cdc.gov)
E ) Upon virus attack in epithelial cells, probiotics mediate their antiviral effects by eliciting immune responses by activating macrophages and dendritic cells. (news-medical.net)
G ) CD4 + T lymphocytes cells differentiate into Th1, which activates phagocytosis through NK cells and macrophages, promoting pathogen killing. (news-medical.net)
Immunohistochemistry was used to identify activated T lymphocytes (CD45R0), monocyte-macrophages (Mac 387, CD68), DD (Factor XIIIa), and Langerhans cells (CD1a). (spandidos-publications.com)
Numerous Factor XIIIa+ DD were present in the papillary dermis with only sparce perivascular CD45RO+ T lymphocytes and scattered CD68+ or Mac 387+ macrophages. (spandidos-publications.com)
CD45RO+ T lymphocytes, CD68+ and Mac 387+ macrophages were absent in the epidermis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
While macrophages were reported to act as one of the cells in LUAD, enrichment analysis of macrophage marker genes revealed the important role of macrophages in the activation of neutrophils. (aging-us.com)

In order for the Notch pathway to be activated, ligand-type proteins from neighbouring cells bind to the Notch receptor. (sciencedaily.com)
When the ligand and receptor come into contact, the Notch receptor is processed and the intracellular part moves to the nucleus to activate gene expression. (sciencedaily.com)
This is the basic and "extremely simple activation system" of the Notch signalling pathway, which is based on short distance contact between cells through a ligand and a receptor. (sciencedaily.com)
Atacicept is a fusion protein that blocks B-lymphocyte stimulator and a proliferation-inducing ligand, which are increased in patients with SLE. (bmj.com)
TNFSF18 / GITR Ligand is important for interactions between activated T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells.Recombinant Human GITR Ligand Fc Chimera produced in HEK293 cells is a polypeptide chain containing 359 amino acids with the C-termimal human IgG1 Fc fragment. (genscript.com)
Activated T-lymphocytes impaired OMSCs via the Fas/Fas ligand pathway, as occur in long bone MSCs. (ca.gov)
in the canonical pathway of osteoclastogenesis, these cells fuse and differentiate to form specialised bone-resorbing osteoclasts in the presence of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). (ox.ac.uk)

Binds to dendritic cells (DCs) via C1QR1, resulting in down-regulation of T-lymphocytes proliferation (PubMed:11086025, PubMed:17881511). (proteopedia.org)
Skin-resident dendritic cells act as a first line of defense, ingesting foreign substances, processing them, and presenting them to lymphocytes to activate the immune system. (ernolaszlo.com)

IL-10 stimulates the antigen mediated cytotoxicity, survival and proliferation of intra-tumoral CD8+ T cells and simultaneously dampens chronic inflammation. (aacrjournals.org)
For IL-2, NK cell cytotoxicity, and lymphocyte proliferation, maximum responses were observed during depletion periods. (karger.com)
Expanded natural killer cells killed both allogeneic and autologous primary myeloma cells avidly via a perforin-mediated mechanism in which the activating receptor NKG2D, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and DNAX-accessory molecule-1 played a central role. (haematologica.org)
Additionally, a 11-year prospective cohort study of Japanese inhabitants linked low peripheral-blood NK cell cytotoxicity with increased cancer risk ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)

However, only two of the five proteins (AgA, AgD) showed significant T-cell response (T lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion) when tested using sensitized T-cells from MI-induced HP mouse model. (cdc.gov)
8. Melchers, F.: Biosynthesis, transport and secretion of immunoglobulin in plasma cells. (uni-mainz.de)
11. Melchers, F.: Synthesis, transport and secretion of immunoglobulin in lymphoid cells. (uni-mainz.de)
Immune status was assessed by measuring lytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells, secretion of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, TNFα), and proliferation by activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (karger.com)

However, we know less about the biological effects of IL-21 and its signaling mechanisms in leukemia cells and monocytes. (intechopen.com)
It is produced by activated monocytes and T lymphocytes. (peprotech.com)

Psoriasis has wide clinical spectra that range from epidermal (scaly) to vascular (thickened) erythematous involvement associated with epidermal hyperproliferation, abnormal keratinocyte differentiation, angiogenesis with blood vessel dilation, and the presence of inflammatory cells in the superficial dermis and epidermis. (hindawi.com)
We isolated a new population of stem cells from human orofacial tissue gingiva, a tissue source easily accessible from the oral cavity, namely GMSC, which exhibited clonogenicity, self-renewal, and multipotent differentiation capacities. (ca.gov)
Human orofacial bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) showed distinct differentiation traits from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from long bones, mouse OMSCs have not been isolated due to technical difficulties, which in turn precludes using mouse models to study orofacial diseases. (ca.gov)
19. Melchers, F.: Changes in receptor immunoglobulin turnover during B-lymphocyte differentiation. (uni-mainz.de)
20. Melchers, F.: Biochemical characterization of immunoglobulin-producing B-lymphocytes at different stages of their differentiation.In: 'Regulation of Growth and Differentiated Function in Eukaryotic Cells,' eds. (uni-mainz.de)
22. Melchers, F.: Immunoglobulin synthesis and mitogen reactivity: markers for B lymphocyte differentiation. (uni-mainz.de)
A mitogen receptor complex which influences reactions leading to proliferation and differentiation. (uni-mainz.de)
27. Melchers, F.: Receptors for the regulation of growth and differentiation of murine B-lymphocytes. (uni-mainz.de)
IL-7 (interleukin-7) is a 25 kDa cytokine of the hemopoietin family that plays important roles in lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation, and survival (1-4). (bio-techne.com)
T cells must substantially increase nutrient uptake to mount a proper immune response and failure to obtain sufficient nutrients or engage the appropriate metabolic pathways can alter or prevent effector T cell differentiation and function. (elifesciences.org)
This review will discuss the metabolic adaptations necessary for T cells to meet changing biochemical needs throughout different stages of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)

In contrast to T cells, which did not exhibit a significant difference, B cells from PPARγ +/- showed an enhanced proliferative response to stimulation by either lipopolysaccharide or cross-linking of antigen receptors. (jci.org)
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is one of the isotypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, which are a group of closely related nuclear receptors. (jci.org)
Indeed, the analyses demonstrated that the Notch receptor sequesters the ligands and prevents these from connecting to the Notch receptors of adjoining cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The experiments showed that the absence of the receptor in the mutated cells leaves many ligands free, ready to enter into contact with Notch receptors of the non-manipulated cells. (sciencedaily.com)
In fact," says Milán, "it is all to do with a fine balance between ligands and receptors of the emitting and receiving cell. (sciencedaily.com)
The cells destined to become lymphocytes receive the appropriate signalling through Notch receptors. (sciencedaily.com)
APOE associated to the LVP allows the initial virus attachment to cell surface receptors such as the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), syndecan-1 (SDC1), syndecan-1 (SDC2), the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB1) (PubMed:12970454, PubMed:12356718, PubMed:12913001, PubMed:28404852, PubMed:22767607). (proteopedia.org)
T cell receptor mediated activation of CD8 T cells induces the expression of IL-10 receptors on these cells. (aacrjournals.org)
IL-7 acts on a variety of cells through its receptor (IL-7R), a heterodimer consisting of IL-7Rα (CD127) and a common γc chain (CD132) shared by other cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21) receptors. (biolegend.com)
NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Further, inhibitory receptors present in the TME can inhibit T cell metabolism and alter T cell signaling both directly and through release of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. (elifesciences.org)

TNFSF18 is expressed at high levels in the small intestine, ovary, testis, kidney and endothelial cells. (genscript.com)
Reishi Mushroom Triterpenes can inhibit tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. (ganoherb.com)
The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)

Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. (medchemexpress.com)

Alefacept is a fusion protein: it combines part of an antibody with a protein that blocks the growth of some types of T cells. (wikipedia.org)
Protein conjugated pneumococcal vaccine elicit antibody responses that are T-cell dependent. (medscape.com)
All cells were co-stained with CD45R (B220) Monoclonal Antibody, eFluor 450 (Product # 48-0452-82). (thermofisher.com)
Description: The 53-7.3 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse CD5, a 67 kDa protein expressed by a majority of thymocytes, mature T cells and a subset of B cells. (thermofisher.com)
A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
Whenever possible, we recommend adding CellBlox Blocking Buffer to antibody cocktails/master mixes prior to combining with cells. (thermofisher.com)
For instance, one mouse model showed that probiotics promoted influenza virus clearance and neutralizing antibody production, via T-helper cells type 1 (Th1). (news-medical.net)
We tested the role of whole-body molecular imaging in patients with advanced melanoma receiving the CTLA4-blocking antibody tremelimumab, allowing the analysis of changes in glucose metabolism using the PET probe 18 F-FDG and cell replication with the PET probe 3′-deoxy-3′- 18 F-fluorothymidine ( 18 F-FLT). (snmjournals.org)
The generation of IL-7-deficient and IL-7Rα-deficient mice and monoclonal antibody blocking experiments confirmed the requirement of IL-7 for B-cell development in mice. (biolegend.com)
The proliferation marker (Ki67) and the antibody to Fas receptor (CD95R) were also used to assess the distribution of the germinative pool of keratinocytes and the FAS-related apoptotic process, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)
3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)

In eosinophils (PDE IV cells) platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced chemotaxis or C5a-stimulated degranulation are only weakly inhibited by rolipram alone. (ersjournals.com)

Adoptive transfer of expanded natural killer cells inhibited the growth of established OPM2 and high-risk primary myeloma tumors grown in the murine model. (haematologica.org)
However, the presence of B cells in these individuals suggests important differences between the role of IL-7 in murine and human lymphocyte development. (biolegend.com)

These lesions are microscopically characterized by a diffuse, pseudoinvasive, mixed inflammatory reaction that includes large mononuclear cells, numerous eosinophils, and T cells. (medscape.com)
Damage and degeneration of mucosal tissues may be due to a proliferation of cytotoxic T cells or toxic products released by degranulating eosinophils. (medscape.com)

Another mechanism is inducing apoptosis of memory-effector T lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Its roles include regulation of proliferation, promotion of immune system and activation of apoptosis in B cells. (intechopen.com)
In these cells, IL-21 does not promote proliferation but enhances apoptosis and chemotaxis. (intechopen.com)
In vitro studies showed that IL-7 induces oocyte maturation and inhibits apoptosis in granulosa cells. (biolegend.com)
Reishi Mushroom Polysaccharides can kill tumor cells or promote their apoptosis by enhancing the functions of a variety of immune cells in the human body. (ganoherb.com)

IL-10 activates with STAT3 an essential survival and proliferation signal in antigen activated CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Furthermore, we found that OMSCs are distinct from long bone MSCs with respect to regulating T-lymphocyte survival and proliferation. (ca.gov)
1 Significant advances have been made by combining novel agents with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation which allows for long-term disease-free survival in the majority of transplant-eligible patients. (haematologica.org)
Plenty of research had reported that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) impacts cancer progression and metastases, as well as affects patient prognoses and outcomes [ 6 , 7 ], which emphasizes the important role of immune cells, vital components of the tumor microenvironment, impacting on patient survival and tumor progression [ 8 , 9 ]. (aging-us.com)

Activated inflammatory cel s, in- persistent inflammation cluding neutrophils and macrophag- es, produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. (who.int)

Measured in a cell proliferation assay using PHA-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). (bio-techne.com)
Recombinant Human IL-7 GMP Protein Bioactivity GMP-grade Recombinant Human IL-7 (Catalog # 207-GMP) stimulates proliferation of PHA-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. (bio-techne.com)
Most of the studies have focused on analyzing T-cell activation in peripheral blood. (snmjournals.org)
The most consistent effects in peripheral blood cells after administering anti-CTLA4 antibodies have been limited to marginal increases in the surface expression of nonspecific activation markers predominantly on CD4+ T lymphocytes ( 16 - 18 ). (snmjournals.org)
Recombinant rat IL-7 induces the proliferation of PHA activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. (biolegend.com)
After this procedure, the samples were tested by the induction of proliferation of PHA activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. (biolegend.com)
1.The cell proliferation assay using PHA-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes has an ED 50 value of 50-300 pg/mL. (medchemexpress.com)

Expression of IL-2 by stimulated CD4+ and CD4- BALB/c spleen cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

Activates STAT3 leading to cellular transformation (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)

The same pathways responsible for the development and growth of organisms are involved in the transformation of healthy cells into cancerous ones," says Marco Milán, so "all new data on the modulation of Notch activity, the first step in the chain, may be relevant for the design of effective therapies. (sciencedaily.com)
Affects various cell signaling pathways, host immunity and lipid metabolism (Probable). (proteopedia.org)
In this chapter, we will focus on IL-21's biological effects and signaling pathways as well as discuss the potential implications and applications of IL-21 in leukemia cells. (intechopen.com)
IL-21 activates both the Raf-ERK-MAPK and the Jak/STAT signaling pathways. (intechopen.com)
In view of the absence of inflammatory cells in the epidermis, keratinocytes appeared responsible for their own destruction through CD95-mediated and/or calcium-dependent apoptotic pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Next, the results of cell-cell communication analysis suggested that pericytes interact with broad immune cells via MDK-NCL pathways in metastasis samples, MIF-(CD74+CXCR4) and MIF-(CD74+CC44) interaction especially occurred between different cell types in tumor and normal samples. (aging-us.com)

Background: The success of and the durability of immune therapy of cancer is thought to depend on the activation and expansion of tumor reactive and infiltrating CD8+ T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Despite occasional cases of expansion of melanoma-specific T cells ( 14 , 15 ), the bulk of the data suggest that there is no detectable expansion of tumor antigen-specific lymphocytes, in particular when focusing on CD8+ T-cell responses. (snmjournals.org)

The response to immune checkpoint blockade, depends on a pre-existing, CD8 T cell-rich tumor microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
Preclinical models predict that blockade of the coinhibitory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on lymphocytes results in the release of a cell cycle inhibitory checkpoint, allowing lymphocyte proliferation, tumor targeting, and regression. (snmjournals.org)
The recent FDA approvals of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab mark the latest successes in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
Two of the primary immunotherapies are immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell transfer (ACT). (elifesciences.org)

The in vitro effects of MSC-Exo on immune cell migration and responder T cell proliferation were examined by chemotactic assays and lymphocyte proliferation assays, respectively. (nature.com)
The inactive cytoplasmic precursor could be activated by treatment of extracts with deoxycholate, which was shown previously to dissociate NF-κ B from an inhibitor, I kappa B. Treatment of lymphocyte extracts with 3 mM GTP stimulated NF-κ B binding to its recognition motif in vitro, thereby distinguishing it from a related nuclear factor, H2-TF1. (columbia.edu)
In vitro assays for measuring the cytotoxic capacity of immune cells have been a staple in laboratories for many years. (jove.com)
These in vitro assays involve the mixing of different cell populations, as well as using a relatively low number of both effector and target cells. (jove.com)
As with any assay examining the function of immune cells in vitro , there are a number of important considerations to consider improving the performance of the experiment. (jove.com)
hOX40 is functional and hOX40L induces increased T-cell proliferation in vitro . (genoway.com)
We tested whether natural killer cells expanded by co-culture with K562 cells transfected with 41BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-15 could kill myeloma cells with a high-risk gene expression profile in vitro and in a unique model which recapitulates human myeloma. (haematologica.org)
IL-7 was initially described as a stromal derived factor which is capable of inducing the growth of pre-B cells in vitro . (biolegend.com)

Found in the cell membrane, this protein activates a signalling pathway that regulates the expression of genes that make the cell divide, grow, migrate, specialise or die. (sciencedaily.com)
The carbohydrate composition of a myeloma protein from different subcellular fractions of plasma cells. (uni-mainz.de)
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (bio-techne.com)
Most naïve T cells do not express surface CTLA4 because of its binding to AP50, a subunit of the clathrin adaptor AP-2 protein ( 2 ). (snmjournals.org)
Here, we show the association of Dbl with G protein betagamma subunits (Gbetagamma) in transient co-expression and cell-free systems. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway in B cells from PPARγ +/- was indicated by spontaneous NF-κB activation, as well as increased IκBα phosphorylation and gel-shift activity following LPS stimulation. (jci.org)
hLIGHT is functional and its stimulation increases T-cell activation in vivo . (genoway.com)
hCD28 is functional: α-human CD28 co-stimulation induces T cell activation and proliferation. (genoway.com)

These assays have been used to determine the ability of T cells, NK cells, or any other immune cell to kill target cells in an antigen-specific or -nonspecific manner. (jove.com)

The stimulatory action of honey on the growth of granulation tissue and epithelial cells would also be of benefit in hastening the repair of damaged tissues. (mizar5.com)
A ) Probiotic bacteria can hinder the adsorption process via directly binding to the virus and inhibiting entry into epithelial cells. (news-medical.net)
IL-7 is produced by a wide variety of cells in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues, including stromal epithelial cells of the thymus, bone marrow, and intestines (1, 2, 5). (bio-techne.com)

Molecular imaging with the PET probe 18 F-FLT allows mapping and noninvasive imaging of cell proliferation in secondary lymphoid organs after CTLA4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. (snmjournals.org)

Alefacept is used to control inflammation in moderate to severe psoriasis with plaque formation, where it interferes with lymphocyte activation. (wikipedia.org)
Alefacept inhibits the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by interfering with CD2 on the T cell membrane thereby blocking the costimulatory molecule LFA-3/CD2 interaction. (wikipedia.org)
This type of hyperinflammatory state is reminiscent of 2 rheumatologic disorders known as macrophage activation syndrome and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, which are characterized by macrophage and T-cell activation. (cdc.gov)
An evaluation of 2 cohorts of patients with EVD revealed that a marker of macrophage activation (sCD163) but not T-cell activation (sCD25) was associated with severe and fatal EVD. (cdc.gov)
It was reported recently that PPARγ activation by its agonistic ligands modifies lymphocyte function. (jci.org)
Becam then questioned whether the absence of Notch in a group of mutated cells could cause activation. (sciencedaily.com)
It is strange, but in the cell emitting the signal, Notch receptor captures the ligands by acting as a silencer while in the cell receiving the signal the binding of ligands with Notch allows activation of the pathway. (sciencedaily.com)
Targets transcription factors involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses and in the immune response: suppresses NF-kappa-B activation, and activates AP-1 (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
TNFSF18 Can function as costimulator and lower the threshold for T-cell activation and T-cell proliferation. (genscript.com)
F ) Activation of immune response leads to differentiating CD8 + T lymphocytes into CTLs, capable of destroying virus-infected cells. (news-medical.net)
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a coinhibitory activation-induced surface receptor on T cells that functions as a major negative regulator of anti-self-immune responses. (snmjournals.org)
Once a T cell is activated through its T-cell receptor, downstream T-cell receptor signaling through Src kinases results in tyrosine phosphorylation of CTLA4 and the uncoupling of CTLA4 from AP50, allowing its surface expression, which peaks at 48 h after activation. (snmjournals.org)
Nascent transformed cells elicit NK cell activation and are eliminated. (frontiersin.org)
Expanded understanding of the basic biology of T cell activation has enabled immunotherapy to combat cancer, and T cell metabolism now offers the opportunity to optimize and improve these therapeutic strategies. (elifesciences.org)

instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
We will then examine how tumor cells create a toxic milieu for T cells that enter the TME. (elifesciences.org)
Since tumor cells lack blood supply, their production is inhibited due to lack of nutrition. (ganoherb.com)

Activated T lymphocytes produce a variety of lymphokines that are involved in eosinophilic maturation and act as eosinophil-chemotactic factors. (medscape.com)

With the explosion in tumor immunotherapy research in recent years, there is growing interest in finding agents to increase the cytotoxic activity of immune cells to improve patient outcomes. (jove.com)
However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)
Firstly, the transcriptome landscape of heterogeneous cell types in LUAD was analyzed and memory T cells, NK cells, and helper T cells were revealed to be the common immune cells in tumor, normal, and metastasis tissue, respectively. (aging-us.com)
Although several studies revealed the important role of immune cells and related marker genes impact on LUAD prognosis and process, a comprehensive understanding of TIME malignant and metastatic change in LUAD is still limited. (aging-us.com)
2) T cell deficiencies affect the function in killing infected cells or helping other immune cells. (lu.se)

One of the most critical features is to use healthy effector (for maximal cytotoxic activity) and target (for maximal responsiveness and minimal spontaneous death/ 51 Cr release) cells. (jove.com)

As described below, these diverse situations range from the complications of diabetes and cellular perturbation in amyloidoses to immune and inflammatory responses and tumor cell behavior. (jci.org)
Conversely, some diseases are hallmarked by the overexuberant activity of immune cell cytotoxic activity, resulting in efforts to identify agents to temper these responses. (jove.com)
NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

Additionally, Eotaxin-2 inhibits the proliferation of multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells. (peprotech.com)
Downloaded from periodic thymic colonization by progenitor cells guarantees stage. (lu.se)

As T cell metabolism dictates effector function, it is now apparent that the effect of cancer cell metabolism on the tumor microenvironment (TME) may impair anti-tumor immunity, and these new hallmarks of cancer are therefore inextricably linked. (elifesciences.org)
In contrast, ACT expands a patient's own T cells ex vivo to direct anti-tumor immunity when transfused back into the patient. (elifesciences.org)

We have identified and characterized in infected cells the transcriptional activator, NF-κ B, whose recognition motifs have been identified in several gene enhancers important for lymphocyte-specific gene expression. (columbia.edu)

Theophylline inhibits PDE isoenzyme activities and functions of inflammatory cells with similar potency, and exhibits higher functional efficacy as compared to rolipram. (ersjournals.com)
The low pH of the skin-referred to as the acid mantle-inhibits the proliferation of bacteria. (ernolaszlo.com)

Radioactivity - especially, chromium 51 ( 51 Cr) in the form of Na 2 51 CrO 4 - is an inexpensive way to rapidly and nonspecifically label cellular proteins within the target cells (1). (jove.com)
Upon the loss of membrane integrity of the target cells as a result of the cytotoxic activity of the effector cells, the 51 Cr-labelled cellular proteins within the target cells are released into the culture supernatant, becoming available for quantitation. (jove.com)
The defining functional feature of NK cells remains their intrinsic ability to conduct "natural killing" of cellular targets without prior sensitization. (frontiersin.org)
The steady deterioration of the dermal and epidermal layers of the skin with age is caused by a combination of factors including reduced cellular proliferation and collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and changes in epidermal morphology (Crane 2015). (ernolaszlo.com)

It is also being studied in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)

In this direction, purified recombinant form of five of the seroreactive proteins (reported in our initial study), including three cell wall-associated (arbitrarily designated as antigens A through C) and two secretory (AgD & AgE), were examined for their potential to activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) viz. (cdc.gov)
It provides a dominant negative signaling to T cells on binding to the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
Cell surface CTLA4 has 100-1,000 times higher affinity for the costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells, thereby efficiently competing with the positive costimulatory receptor CD28 ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)

MSC mediated bone formation involves in both donor and recipient cells, but only recipient cells contribute to marrow element formation. (ca.gov)
Our study suggests that both OMSCs and host cells contribute to bone formation in vivo. (ca.gov)
These mice are devoid of endogenous natural killer and T-cell activity and were used to determine whether adoptively transferred expanded natural killer cells could inhibit myeloma growth and myeloma-associated bone destruction. (haematologica.org)
The transferred, expanded natural killer cells proliferated in vivo in an interleukin-2 dose-dependent fashion, persisted up to 4 weeks, were readily detectable in the human bone, inhibited myeloma growth and protected bone from myeloma-induced osteolysis. (haematologica.org)
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with debilitating symptoms related to anemia, immunosuppression, bone destruction, and renal failure. (haematologica.org)
The presence of a great number of Factor XIIIa+ DD without any possible recent recruitment from bone marrow suggests that these cells differentiated from resident cells of the skin. (spandidos-publications.com)
Leukocytes are produced in stem cells in bone marrow. (lu.se)

We found that MSC-Exo greatly reduced the intensity of ongoing EAU as their parent cells by reducing the infiltration of T cell subsets, and other inflammatory cells, in the eyes. (nature.com)
A clear example of the critical role of CTLA4 on tolerance is the striking phenotype of CTLA4 knock-out mice, which develop rapid T-cell proliferation and autoimmune infiltration of multiple organs shortly after birth ( 6 , 7 ). (snmjournals.org)
NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)

hGITR is detected on activated splenocytes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). (genoway.com)

Infection with the Intracellular Protozoan Parasite Theileria parva Induces Constitutively High Levels of NF-κ B in Bovine T Lymphocytes. (columbia.edu)

Lymphocytes, B and T cells, can respond selectively to thousands of non-self materials. (lu.se)

CD5 is a 67 kDa human T-lymphocyte single-chain transmembrane glycoprotein. (thermofisher.com)
17. Melchers, F., Andersson, J.: Immunoglobulin production in B-lymphocytes: synthesis of the membrane-bound receptor and the secreted serum glycoprotein immunoglobulin M. Biochem. (uni-mainz.de)

These results suggest that MSC-Exo effectively ameliorate EAU by inhibiting the migration of inflammatory cells, indicating a potential novel therapy of MSC-Exo for uveitis. (nature.com)
This finding entails that TEN treatments should target the keratinocyte metabolism rather than the circulating inflammatory cells which presumably play a limited role, if any, in the epidermal destructive process. (spandidos-publications.com)

Data from nonhuman primate models and human autopsy cases suggest that EVD severity is not a direct effect of tissue damage resulting from destruction of infected cells because only foci of necrosis are observed ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Recently, next-generation sequencing, especially single-cell RNA sequencing is a possible option for the analysis of detailed cell population subtypes of LUAD from bulk tissue samples at single cell level [ 10 , 11 ]. (aging-us.com)
Tissue eosinophilia is not uncommonly associated with T-cell-mediated immune reactions. (medscape.com)

If the T cells were to become activated they would stimulate proliferation of keratinocytes resulting in the typical psoriatic symptoms. (wikipedia.org)

We make genetic and functional maps of cancer cell evolution in patients by analyzing multiple tumour samples from the same patient. (lu.se)

Marco Milán's group has now discovered that the presence of Notch proteins in the cell membrane is also required to inactivate the pathway. (sciencedaily.com)

In an adaptive immunity OPC rechallenge model using a derivate of the pathogenic C. albicans strain SC5314, CD4 + Th17 cells protect from mucosal Candida infection but can be compensated by other IL-17-producing cells in CD4-deficient hosts ( 15 , 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cell-based therapy using systemic infusion of GMSC in experimental colitis significantly ameliorated both clinical and histopathological severity of the colonic inflammation, restored the injured gastrointestinal mucosal tissues, reversed diarrhea and weight loss, and suppressed the overall disease activity in mice. (ca.gov)
C ) Probiotic bacteria releases antimicrobial substances (such as bacteriocins, biosurfactants, lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, organic acids) and intestinal mucins from mucosal cells, which can effectively inhibit virus proliferation. (news-medical.net)

Connective tissues consist of cells and an extracellular matrix. (lecturio.com)

The T lymphocyte-mediated immune lung disease hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in machinists is poorly understood for disease mechanisms and diagnosis due in part to lack of information on causative T-cell antigens of the etiological agent Mycobacterium immunogenum (MI). (cdc.gov)
This first report on T-cell antigens and epitopes of M. immunogenum is significant as it is expected to open up avenues for understanding pathogenesis mechanisms and developing T-cell-based immunodiagnostic tools for this poorly investigated occupational lung disease. (cdc.gov)
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer and accounts for approximately 40% of all lung cancer cases. (aging-us.com)

H ) CD4 + cells differentiate into Th2 cells, which induce B-cells' proliferation that produces antibodies like IgA, IgG, and IgM. (news-medical.net)
However, there is a paucity of data demonstrating that lymphocyte proliferation does occur in humans treated with CTLA4-blocking antibodies. (snmjournals.org)

Moreover, they represent a powerful model system for studying how compounds modulate immune cell response and/or stroma cells in a physiological microenvironment. (genoway.com)
Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)

Phophodiesterase (PDE) isoenzyme profiles of human cell preparations and tissues have been analysed by a semiquantitative method using selective PDE inhibitors and activators. (ersjournals.com)
These antigens also activated the human naïve CD4+ T cells in presence of autologous DCs as measured using ELISPOT for IFN-gamma. (cdc.gov)
This study demonstrated clinical and experimental evidences supporting a potential efficacy and safety of utilizing autologous PDL cells in the treatment of human periodontitis. (ca.gov)
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) was first identified in 2000 through screening of a cDNA library from CD3+ human T cells [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
The human CTLA-4 expression recapitulates the mouse CTLA-4 expression on T cells. (genoway.com)
Thus, although human B-cell development does not appear to require IL-7, immature human B cells do proliferate in response to IL-7. (biolegend.com)
Human NK cells are phenotypically characterized by the expression of CD56 and the absence of CD3 and can be further subdivided into a CD56 bright population and a CD56 dim population. (frontiersin.org)

IFNg or TNF), or cytotoxic granules (i.e., perforin/granzyme B) expressed by effector cells are some ways in which target cell death can be induced. (jove.com)
Thus, having an assay in which the user can easily integrate any number of different effector cells, target cells, and/or response modifiers into the experimental design can serve as a valuable means of quickly assessing the cytotoxic capacity of effector cells and/or the responsiveness of the target cell. (jove.com)
Thus, one necessity of the assay is to label the target cells in a manner that can easily be detected and quantitated, allowing the user to then determine the 'percent specific lysis' mediated by the effector cells. (jove.com)
Effector and target cell contact is required (leading to the common use of round-bottom 96-well plates to encourage cell-cell contact) (2). (jove.com)
Rapid proliferation and acquisition of effector function are demanding processes that require precise metabolic re-wiring. (elifesciences.org)

Fungal colonization increased cross-specific IgA levels in the saliva and the tongue, and IgA + cells migrated to foci of fungal colonization. (frontiersin.org)
Besides CD19 + CD138 − B cells, plasmablasts, and plasma cells were enriched in the tongue of mice colonized with C. albicans suggesting a potential role of B lymphocytes during oral fungal colonization. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, in the oral cavity B lymphocytes contribute to control commensal C. albicans carriage by secreting IgA at foci of colonization thereby preventing fungal dysbiosis. (frontiersin.org)

Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
Wang H , Han G , Chen J , . Heterogeneity of tumor immune microenvironment in malignant and metastatic change in LUAD is revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. (aging-us.com)

Unresectable recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) has a very poor prognosis. (mdpi.com)
These lesions have been misdiagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and unnecessary radical treatment may result. (medscape.com)

The heart, kidneys, and liver are highly vascular organs and transplantation leads to a vigorous cell-mediated response in the host. (medscape.com)
The TME, however, can be metabolically hostile due to insufficient vascular exchange and cancer cell metabolism that leads to hypoxia, depletion of nutrients, and accumulation of waste products. (elifesciences.org)

Anatomy47

Organisms16

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs91

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Macrophages10

Ligand7

Dendritic2

Cytotoxicity4

Secretion4

Monocytes2

Differentiation11

Receptors13

Endothelial cells3

Cytokines2

Antibody12

Platelet-activa1

Murine2

Eosinophils2

Apoptosis5

Survival4

Neutrophils1

Peripheral7

Spleen cells1

STAT31

Pathways6

Expansion of tumor2

Checkpoint4

Vitro8

Protein5

Stimulation3

Assays1

Epithelial cells3

Secondary lymphoid1

Activation14

Tumor cells4

Maturation1

Immune cells6

Spontaneous1

Responses3

Progenitor cells2

Anti-tumor2

Gene expression1

Inhibits2

Cellular4

Cutaneous1

Antigen-prese3

Bone7

Infiltration3

Splenocytes1

Induces1

Selectively1

Glycoprotein2

Inflammatory cells2

Tissue3

Keratinocytes1

Tumour1

Proteins1

Mucosal3

Extracellular1

Lung3

Antibodies2

Physiological2

Human7

Effector5

Colonization3

Microenvironment2

Squamous cell carc2

Vascular2