The secondary calcium oscillations created via these channels do not induce acrosomal exocytosis per se but may prime the cells so that this event is rapidly triggered when the spermatozoa make contact with the zona pellucida. (edu.au)
Our immunoblot data reveals that syntaxin 2 of bovine cauda sperm is released after lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced acrosomal exocytosis. (ommegaonline.org)
In mammals, adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is known to play highly important roles in sperm motility and acrosomal exocytosis. (plos.org)
It plays a key role during sperm capacitation [ 3 - 6 ] and the acrosomal exocytosis [ 7 - 10 ], where it affects different intracellular signalling pathways. (plos.org)
Structural events and molecular mechanisms that promote mammalian sperm acrosomal exocytosis and motility. (uba.ar)
Some sperm undergo a spontaneous acrosomal reaction, which is an acrosomal reaction not triggered by contact with the zona pellucida. (lumenlearning.com)
The first and third models adhere to the definition of capacitation as originally conceived Austin definition : the acrosome reaction occurs en route to making contact with the zona pellucida, exposing the cumulus matrix-penetrating inner acrosomal enzyme, hyaluronidase, followed by fake walk zona binding and penetration. (holdmedicalacademy.org)
Acrosome12
Above the nucleus lies a cap-like structure called the acrosome, formed by modification of the Golgi body, which secretes the enzyme spermlysin (hyaluronidase, corona-penetrating enzyme, zona lysin, or acrosin), that is necessary for fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
The glycosylated mature peptide is one of the structural components of the zona pellucida and functions in secondary binding and penetration of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. (nih.gov)
In this paper, we describe the capacitation phenotype of sperm lacking the long isoform of β1,4-galactosyltransferase I (GalT I), a sperm surface protein that functions as a receptor for the zona pellucida glycoprotein, ZP3, and as an inducer of the acrosome reaction following ZP3-dependent aggregation. (biologists.com)
By contrast, GalT I-null sperm behave as though they are precociously capacitated, in that they demonstrate maximal binding to the zona pellucida and greatly increased sensitivity to ionophore-induced acrosome reactions without undergoing capacitation in vitro. (biologists.com)
This initiates a process called the acrosomal reaction in which the enzyme-filled "cap" of the sperm, called the acrosome , releases its stored digestive enzymes. (lumenlearning.com)
Besides, sperm proteases involved in penetration are likely to be located either in the surface of the plasma membrane or in the acrosome, since during penetration spermatozoa remain associated to ZP components by receptors located in the inner acrosomal membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
With the zona pellucida, and the acrosome and cortical reactions fertilisation by multiple sperm (dispermy or polyspermy) is prevented. (pediagenosis.com)
The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction entails extensive fusion between the periacrosomal plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane, with the release of hydrolases which function in sperm penetration through the zona pellucida [1-3] . (ommegaonline.org)
Following the acrosome reaction the fused hybrid membrane complex remains adherent to the zona surface, [4] and the newly exposed inner acrosomal membrane of the spermatozoon functions as the limiting membrane or plasma membrane equivalent [1] . (ommegaonline.org)
These diverse functions performed by the acrosomal segment during fertilization reveal the importance of identifying the specific signaling events and protein constituents which initiate and regulate the membrane fusion process of the acrosome reaction and prepare spermatozoa to fuse with the egg. (ommegaonline.org)
Corona radiata4
Rather, hundreds of sperm cells must undergo the acrosomal reaction, each helping to degrade the corona radiata and zona pellucida until a path is created to allow one sperm to contact and fuse with the plasma membrane of the oocyte. (lumenlearning.com)
It is flattened with an acrosomal cap containing the hydrolytic enzymes, mainly hyaluronidase, to dissociate the cells of corona radiata and digest the zona pellucida around the ovum during fertilization (acrosomal reaction). (online-sciences.com)
The egg in humans contains two major protective layers the corona radiata containing follicular cells, and the zona pellucida. (tutordale.com)
The corona radiata needs to be enzymatically overcome by sperm before reaching the zona pellucida. (tutordale.com)
Oocyte6
The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte and early embryo. (nih.gov)
The mammalian oocyte extracellular matrix known as the zona pellucida (ZP) acts as a barrier to accomplish sperm fusion with the female gamete. (biomedcentral.com)
During mammalian fertilization, sperm should be able to reach the cumulus-oocyte complex, get through the hyaluronic matrix of the cumulus and penetrate the zona pellucida (ZP) in order to fuse with the egg. (biomedcentral.com)
When a spermatozoon succeeds in this it encounters the zona pellucida surrounding the plasma membrane of the oocyte and insulating it from the external environment. (pediagenosis.com)
The acrosomal cap of the head of the sperm breaks down, releasing enzymes that dissolve the zona pellucida locally allowing the spermatozoon to enter the oocyte (Figure 10.4). (pediagenosis.com)
Extracellular2
Gamete interaction is a crucial event during fertilization when receptors on sperm bind to ligands on the extracellular coat of the egg, called the zona pellucida in mammals. (biologists.com)
in spermatozoa , and whether they contribute to the regulation of acrosomal secretion. (biologists.com)
We observed that CaMKIIα colocalizes with MUPP1 in the acrosomal region of epididymal spermatozoa where the kinase selectively binds to a region encompassing PDZ domains 10-11 of MUPP1. (biologists.com)
Type 2 is classified as partial globozoospermia in that the ratio of round-headed spermatozoa is less than 100% (i.e., 20-90%) in a semen sample and acrosomal vesicles are present in the rest of the spermatozoa (3). (jri.ir)
Fertilization1
The minisymposium, organized by Victor D. Vacquier, included the following presentations: "An Hypothesis to Explain the Evolution of Species-Specific Fertilization" by Victor D. Vacquier, "Molecular Biology of the Zona Pellucida: Genetic Mutations and Fertility" by Jurrein Dean, and "Sperm-Egg Membrane Interactions During Fertilizations" by Janice P. Evans. (bioone.org)
Protein2
Localization and functional importance of a conserved zona pellucida 2 protein domain in the human and bovine ovary using monoclonal anti-ZP2 peptide antibodies. (nih.gov)
A mouse acrosomal cortical matrix protein, MC41, has ZP2-binding activity and forms a complex with a 75-kDa serine protease. (nih.gov)
Binds1
When a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of biochemical events, called the acrosomal reactions , take place. (opentextbc.ca)
Membrane4
The underlying zona pellucida (pellucid = "transparent") is a transparent, but thick, glycoprotein membrane that surrounds the cell's plasma membrane. (lumenlearning.com)
Proteolytic hydrolysis of ZP could be mediated by acrosomal/membrane associated proteases or by the controlled degradation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. (biomedcentral.com)
To ensure that no more than one sperm fertilizes the egg, once the acrosomal reactions take place at one location of the egg membrane, the egg releases proteins in other locations to prevent other sperm from fusing with the egg. (opentextbc.ca)
This membrane is divided into five main regions: the acrosomal region, the equatorial region, the post acrosomal region, the midpiece, and the tail. (androwash.in)
Reaction1
The release of digestive enzymes and the subsequent steps are called the acrosomal reaction and it elicits a response from the egg membranes as well. (tutordale.com)
Bovine1
Gwatkin RBL, Williams DT, Meyenhofer M.: Isolation of bovine zona pellucida from ovaries with collagenase: antigenic and sperm receptor properties. (biomedcentral.com)
Cortical granules containing enzymes are released from the egg, causing the binding proteins of the entire zona pellucida to become altered, preventing further sperm from binding. (pediagenosis.com)
Degrade1
b) Acrosomal reactions help the sperm degrade the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allow the sperm to transfer its nucleus. (opentextbc.ca)
Degradation1
If you consider the loss of millions of sperm between entry into the vagina and degradation of the zona pellucida, you can understand why a low sperm count can cause male infertility. (lumenlearning.com)
Fertility1
Immunization of mice with heat-solubilized hamster zonae: production of anti-zona antibody and inhibition of fertility. (biomedcentral.com)
Human2
Identification of human acrosomal antigen SP-10 in primates and pigs. (biomedcentral.com)
Characterization of a proteinase that cleaves zona pellucida glycoprotein ZP2 following activation of mouse eggs. (biomedcentral.com)
Equatorial1
Indirect immunofluorescence localized syntaxin to the anterior but not the equatorial regions of the acrosomal segment. (ommegaonline.org)
Mice1
Female mice lacking this gene do not form a stable zona matrix and are sterile. (nih.gov)
Mouse1
Structure and function of the zona pellucida: identification and characterization of the proteins of the mouse oocyte's zona pellucida. (biomedcentral.com)
Response1
95kD sperm proteins bind ZP3 and serve as tyrosine kinase substrates in response to zona binding. (biomedcentral.com)