Acetylation histone 3 lysine trimethylation heterochromatin. Medical search. Frequent questions

These include chemical modifications of DNA bases, post-translational histone modifications and chromatin structure, and their configuration can be affected by a variety of environmental exposures. (frontiersin.org)
Expression can be controlled by reversible post-translational modifications on histone amino acid tails, with complex cross-talk between modifications ( Kouzarides, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
Epigenetic information can be transmitted by several different molecular mechanisms, which include but are not limited to DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). (plos.org)
A closely related debate around chromatin modifications is about causality: several histone PTMs correlate with specific transcriptional states, but in many cases they are not responsible for a transcriptional outcome but rather are a consequence of it [7] . (plos.org)
Covalently bonded modifications include acetylation and methylation of the N-terminal tails. (wikipedia.org)
These modifications may alter expression of genes located on DNA associated with its parent histone octamer. (wikipedia.org)
These variants with a variety of covalent modifications on the N-terminal can be added to histones making possible different chromatin structures that are required for DNA function in higher eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
Potential modifications include methylation (mono-, di-, or tri-methylation) or acetylation on the tails. (wikipedia.org)
Studies have shown that H4R3 methylation by PRMT1 (a histone methyltransferase) appears to be essential in vivo for the establishment or maintenance of a wide range of "active" chromatin modifications. (wikipedia.org)
Hillje R , Luzi L , Amatori S , Persico G , Casciaro F , Rusin M , Fanelli M , Pelicci P , Giorgio M , . Time makes histone H3 modifications drift in mouse liver. (aging-us.com)
The comparison of different age profiles of histone H3 marks revealed global redistribution of histone H3 modifications with time, in particular in intergenic regions and near transcription start sites, as well as altered correlation between the profiles of different histone modifications. (aging-us.com)
Aging is known to involve epigenetic histone modifications which are associated with transcriptional changes occurring throughout the entire lifespan of an individual. (aging-us.com)
More than a thousand post-translational histone modifications, also known as histone marks, have been identified, many of which are associated with different chromatin states [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
The code is an array of post-translational modifications (acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation) of NH 2 -terminal tails of core histone and to a lesser degree their globular domains. (aacrjournals.org)
Cross-talk between different histone modifications, as well as DNA methylation, seems complex. (aacrjournals.org)
Regulation of Suv39H1-H3K9 trimethylation could prevent further epigenetic modifications, and prevent diabetic retinopathy. (nature.com)
Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
Background: Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. (researchgate.net)
TETs' role in the crosstalk with specific histone modifications, however, is largely elusive. (researchgate.net)
We model central nervous system development using organoids, and select three histone modifications as proxies for dynamic epigenetic change and validate our findings in a primary developing human brain. (researchgate.net)
For each type of virus, what is known about the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and regulatory RNA in epigenetic regulation of the virus infection will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
The contrasting association of the histone acetylations with pol II and pol III transcription may be an important consideration to make in research studies focused on drug developments targeting histone modifications. (bvsalud.org)
Post-translational modifications of histones to a large extent determine the functional state of chromatin loci. (bvsalud.org)
Dynamic visualization of histone modifications with genetically encoded fluorescent sensors makes it possible to monitor changes in the epigenetic state of a single living cell. (bvsalud.org)
However, insufficient data exist on how histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including acetylation, affect genome organization. (bvsalud.org)
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones and other proteins are perturbed in tumours. (biomedcentral.com)
Although treatment with curcumin, garcinol or the garcinol derivative LTK-14 hampered MCF7 cell proliferation, differential effects of these compounds on histone modifications were observed. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to its effects on histone modifications, garcinol was found to block CBP/p300-mediated acetylation of the C-terminal activation domain of p53, but resulted in enhanced acetylation of p53K120, and accumulation of p53 in the cytoplasmic compartment. (biomedcentral.com)
Histone modifications act as signals that are 'read' by sensory proteins containing bromodomains, PHD fingers and other domains, many of which function as coregulators of DNA-binding transcription factors [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Certain histone modifications correspond to either the cell cycle-regulated histone H3.1 or to the testis-specific variant H3.3. (biomedcentral.com)
Most histone modifications persist throughout the meiotic divisions. (biomedcentral.com)
Postmeiotically, we observed a highly complex pattern of the histone modifications until late spermatid nuclear elongation stages. (biomedcentral.com)
Condensation and decondensation of chromatin is to a large extent controlled or accompanied by both postranslational modifications of nucleosomal histones and sometimes by DNA methylation. (biomedcentral.com)
Modifications include methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation, preferentially in the N-terminal regions of histones H3 and H4, but also in histone H2A and H2B. (biomedcentral.com)
This observation, the special characteristics of the first meiotic prophase in Drosophila and the availability of antibodies specific for particular histone modifications [ 15 ] led us to study the patterns of histone modifications in the male germ line. (biomedcentral.com)
Our observations reveal that the male germ line of Drosophila shows a characteristic pattern of histone modifications. (biomedcentral.com)
We also observe that certain histone modifications are specific of spermatid nuclei. (biomedcentral.com)
Post-translational modifications of histones represent an important mechanism modulating the accessibility of chromatin and contributing to the recruitment of other proteins to chromatin [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Huang J.C., Lei Z.L., Shi L.H., Miao Y.L., Yang J.W., Ouyang Y.C., Sun Q.Y., Chen D.Y., Comparison of histone modifications in in vivo and in vitro fertilization mouse embryos. (biologie-journal.org)
Epigenetic mechanisms underlying GBM tumor biology, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and chromatin architecture, have become an attractive target for novel drug discovery strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)
Histone modifications in which the structure of chromatin and its transcriptional state is regulated. (cloudfront.net)
In this model, large portions of genomic DNA operate as 'sinks', which are filled by 'sources', such as available histone variants, covalent modifications to histones, the readers of these modifications and non-coding RNAs. (biologists.com)
2 In addition to the well-established epigenetic role of DNA methylation, this definition includes a variety of more transient histone modifications such as acetylation, methylation, or phosphorylation that underlie epigenetic effects, and that will be discussed in this chapter along with the influence of SUMOylation, ubiquitination, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation, and microRNA. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Also, more and more accumulating evidence indicates that the different histone modifications are strongly interconnected and can enforce or counteract each other. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Post-translational modifications of histone proteins play a pivotal role in DNA packaging and regulation of genome functions. (sdbonline.org)
The core histones can be extensively modified on their N- and C-terminal tails and globular domains, and these modifications may change binding sites for regulatory factors or neutralize the charge of lysine residues via acetylation. (biomedcentral.com)
These epigenetic mechanisms are mediated by chemical modifications of DNA, proteins (most commonly histones), and RNA. (activemotif.com.cn)

To detect the epigenetic drift of time passing, we determined the genome-wide distributions of mono- and tri-methylated lysine 4 and acetylated and tri-methylated lysine 27 of histone H3 in the livers of healthy 3, 6 and 12 months old C57BL/6 mice. (aging-us.com)
Central to the epigenetic control of gene expression is the histone code through which input signals can be translated into a heritable pattern of gene expression defining cellular output states ( Fig. 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Epigenetic regulation of transcription in intermediate heterochromatin. (omicsdi.org)
Therefore, transcriptional regulation in the intermediate heterochromatin involves two distinct epigenetic mechanisms. (omicsdi.org)
Arney K.L., Bao S., Bannister A.J., Kouzarides T., Surani M.A., Histone methylation defines epigenetic asymmetry in the mouse zygote. (biologie-journal.org)
[3] In female mice, the epigenetic signal is maintained through the F2 generation as a result of the exposure of the germline in the womb. (cloudfront.net)
[3] Many epigenetic signals are lost beyond the F2/F3 generation and are no longer inherited, because the subsequent generations were not exposed to the same environment as the parental generations. (cloudfront.net)

In mammalian cells, histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9) methylation and histone hypoacetylation are usually associated with methylated DNA, heterochromatin, and gene silencing. (aacrjournals.org)
On this nucleosome, the changes in H3K9 and H3K14 acetylations show different dynamics. (bvsalud.org)
During repression, acetylation levels on H3K9 show steady increase whereas H3K14 acetylation increases with a peak at 40 min after which levels reduce. (bvsalud.org)
In spermatogonia we found H3K9 methylation in cytoplasmic histones, most likely corresponding to the H3.3 histone variant. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, treatment with histone methylase inhibitors decreased the methylation of histones H3K9 and H3K27 and slightly induced NR0B1 transcription. (oncotarget.com)
In conclusion, this study shows that CpG methylation within the NR0B1 promoter is not involved in the in vivo regulation of NR0B1 expression, whereas the hyperacetylation of histone H4 and the unmethylation of histones H3K9 and H3K27, and their binding to the NR0B1 promoter results in decondensed euchromatin for NR0B1 activation. (oncotarget.com)
Chromatin modifiers, such as the histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase G9a, histone deacetylases, and chromatin remodelers (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)

Histone methylation occurs on arginine, lysine and histidine amino acids residues. (wikipedia.org)
Euchromatin is enriched in histones acetylated at lysine residues. (biomedcentral.com)
Histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1) proteins are conserved enzymes that modify histones by acetylating lysine residues. (sdbonline.org)

Binding of sequence-specific transcription factors and associated chromatin-modifying enzymes can induce post-translational modification of histone tails and can facilitate nucleosome removal [ 3 - 5 ], which can turn functional sequences such as promoters and enhancers into active, nucleosome-depleted sites [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The basic unit of chromatin in eukaryotes, the nucleosome, consists of 147 base pairs (bp) of DNA wrapped around an octamer of four core histones, comprising an H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers. (biomedcentral.com)
In multicellular organisms, there is a histone H1 bound to the linker region between two nucleosomes, which binds to the region where DNA enters and exits the nucleosome. (biomedcentral.com)

[11] The N- and C- terminal of the histone proteins are post-translationally modified by the removal or addition of acetyl (acetylation), phosphate (phosphorylation), methyl (methylation), ubiquitin (ubiquitination), and ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMOylating) groups. (cloudfront.net)

Histone H4 is an important protein in the structure and function of chromatin, where its sequence variants and variable modification states are thought to play a role in the dynamic and long term regulation of genes. (wikipedia.org)
Central to this is the transient increase in H3K4-trimethylation at developmental genes during G1, thereby creating a 'window of opportunity' for cell-fate specification. (researchgate.net)
We found that most of the histone acetylations increase with starvation-induced repression on several genes transcribed by the yeast pol III. (bvsalud.org)
The updated nomenclature has also been applied to orthologous histone genes in chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, dog, cat, pig, horse and cattle, and can serve as a framework for naming other vertebrate histone genes in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
In metazoans, these histone proteins are encoded by the set of replication-dependent histone genes, which encode representatives of all five classes of histone proteins [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The replication-dependent histone genes encode messenger RNAs (mRNAs) which differ from all other cellular mRNAs: instead of being polyadenylated, these mRNAs end in a stem-loop structure. (biomedcentral.com)
These genes do not contain introns, and the only processing event is cleavage of the nascent transcript to form the 3' end of the histone mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Some of the "replication-dependent" histone genes can also produce polyadenylated mRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, analysis of global gene expression in normal non-dividing tissues revealed that a subset of 10 human replication-dependent histone genes produced polyadenylated mRNAs in all non-dividing tissues analyzed [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
There are 4 genes in a third distinct locus on chromosome 1, and a single replication-dependent histone H4 gene on chromosome 12 (with a neighboring H2A gene for which replication dependency is uncertain). (biomedcentral.com)
In other vertebrates, the organization of histone genes is variable. (biomedcentral.com)
In chicken, there is a single large cluster, analogous to the largest mammalian cluster, which contains genes for all five histone types, all of which encode mRNAs ending in a stem loop. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we present whole-genome chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses of a wide variety of histone markers in the brain, heart, and liver of early human embryos shortly after their formation. (researchgate.net)
Heterochromatin is an inert region in the genome and composed of mainly remnants of transposons and repetitive elements. (omicsdi.org)
Here, by using a genome tiling array, we showed that a subset of heterochromatin loci are silenced by the action of Morpheus' molecule 1 (MOM1) that is an epigeneic regulator for transcriptional gene silencing independent of global DNA and histone modification. (omicsdi.org)
Poorly transcribed regions of the genome are typically found in highly compacted DNA as heterochromatin, whereas transcribed sequences are found in the more accessible euchromatin [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mammalian HP1 isoforms HP1α, HP1β, and HP1γ play different roles in genome stability, but their precise role in heterochromatin structure is unclear. (cipsm.de)
Human and mouse histone gene symbols previously followed a genome-centric system that was not applicable across all vertebrate species and did not reflect the systematic histone protein nomenclature. (biomedcentral.com)
This prompted a collaboration between histone experts, the Human Genome Organization (HUGO) Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) and Mouse Genomic Nomenclature Committee (MGNC) to revise human and mouse histone gene nomenclature aiming, where possible, to follow the new protein nomenclature whilst conforming to the guidelines for vertebrate gene naming. (biomedcentral.com)
There are multiple histone H3, H2A and H1 protein variants which replace the canonical histones at specific sites in the genome. (biomedcentral.com)

We show that Bonus associates with the histone methyltransferase SetDB1 and the chromatin remodeler NuRD and depletion of either component releases Bonus-induced repression. (elifesciences.org)

The chromo-domain binds histone H3 tails methylated on lysine 9. (cipsm.de)

Histone methylation has been associated with various cellular functions such as transcription, DNA replication, and DNA damage response including repair, heterochromatin formation, and somatic cell reprogramming. (wikipedia.org)
The acetylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27ac) and the mono-methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me1) are associated with active enhancers [ 9 ] and thereby also linked to transcription. (aging-us.com)
Consistent with an increased fraction of heterochromatin observed in elderly individuals of different species [ 12 ], Wood and colleagues reported a reduction of histone marks associated with active chromatin, including tri-methylated lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3), and an increase of those histone marks linked to silencing of transcription, such as H3K27me3, in old D. melanogaster [ 13 ]. (aging-us.com)
Here, we describe loci with intermediate properties of heterochromatin in which transcription downregulation is inherited in a manner similar to constitutive heterochromatin, although the loci are associated with opposing histone marks--H3K4me2 and H3K9me2. (omicsdi.org)
The increase in H3 acetylations is seen in the mutants reported to show reduced SNR6 transcription but not in the maf1Δ cells. (bvsalud.org)
These and other PTMs generate a combinatorial histone code that demarcates chromatin regions for transcription activation or repression [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This may be in part due to postmeiotic transcription and in part to differential histone replacement during chromatin condensation. (biomedcentral.com)
The histones and non-histone proteins of chromatin compact the DNA and govern its accessibility to enzymes during transcription, replication, repair and recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
It is generally believed that the histone code can influence transcriptional activity directly by affecting chromatin structure, thereby making it more or less accessible for transcription factors and indirectly leading to the attraction of effector molecules that in turn recruit and stabilize the transcription machinery. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
HDACs and HATs not only modify histones, they also form complexes with transcription factors, oncoproteins, and tumor suppressors and regulate their activity by changing the acetylation status. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
In mice, rapamycin treatment increases expression of histone proteins and Wdfy3 transcription, and alters chromatin organisation in the small intestine, suggesting the mTORC1-histone axis is at least partially conserved in mammals and may offer new targets for anti-ageing interventions. (sdbonline.org)
Xenopus), as well as invertebrates like sea urchins and Drosophila, store large amounts of histone mRNA and proteins in the egg and start development with a series of rapid cell cycles in the absence of zygotic transcription. (biomedcentral.com)

This tetramer further combines with two H2a-H2b dimers to form the compact Histone octamer core. (wikipedia.org)
[10] Chromatin consists of DNA and nucleosomes that comes together to form a histone octamer. (cloudfront.net)

The meiotic prophase in Drosophila is also characterized by a high level of transcriptional activity which ceases shortly before the compaction of the chromatin and the entry into the first meiotic metaphase [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, in Drosophila , X chromosome dosage compensation involves hyperacetylation of H4-K16 on the single male X chromosome by the MOF (MYST1/KAT8) histone acetyltransferase to increase its transcriptional output relative to the two female X chromosomes [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Observations of Drosophila salivary glands revealed that genomic regions could switch between states of euchromatin and heterochromatin (facultative heterochromatin), whereas others remain continuously condensed (constitutive heterochromatin). (biologists.com)
This study shows that, similarly to H3 , histone H4 is inherited asymmetrically in Drosophila melanogaster male germline stem cells undergoing asymmetric division. (sdbonline.org)

H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, respectively, are two of the most investigated histone marks. (aging-us.com)

Furthermore, the level of acetyl-histone H4 binding to the NR0B1 promoter increased, whereas the occupancy of H3K27me3 was lower in cancerous tissues than in non-cancerous tissues. (oncotarget.com)

This hypothesis was validated by the discovery of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity of several transcriptional activator complexes. (wikipedia.org)
In summary, although garcinol and curcumin can both inhibit histone acetyltransferase activities, our results show that these compounds have differential effects on cancer cells in culture. (biomedcentral.com)
A number of natural and synthetic molecules that inhibit histone acetyltransferase (HAT) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities have been described. (biomedcentral.com)
Lack of Hat1 results in the near complete loss of histone H4 lysine (K) 5 and K12 acetylation in embryos, indicating that Hat1 is the main acetyltransferase specific for these marks in this developmental stage. (sdbonline.org)

This repression is accompanied by varying degrees of heterochromatin assembly, but little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved. (biomedcentral.com)

Many promoters in embryonic stem (ES) cells harbor a distinctive histone modification signature that combines the activating histone H3 Lys 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) mark an. (researchgate.net)

1) Various complex formation of Histone methyltransferases for repressive chromatin and the molecular basis of their formation, 2) Relationship between heterochromatin formation and repressive histone modification on inactive X chromosome, 3) Involvement of an HP1 binding protein in pathway choice for repairing double-strand breaks. (nii.ac.jp)
In Arabidopsis, the major heterchromatin regions are present at around centromeres (pericentromeric regions) and at a region on the short arm of chromosome 4 (heterochromatin knob). (omicsdi.org)

Transduction of RNA-directed DNA methylation signals to repressive histone marks in Arabidopsis thaliana. (omicsdi.org)

Histone H4 is a 102 to 135 amino acid protein which shares a structural motif, known as the histone fold, formed from three a-helices connected by two loops. (wikipedia.org)
In Neurospora, the HCHC complex [composed of the proteins HDA-1, CDP-2 (Chromodomain Protein-2), Heterochromatin Protein-1, and CHAP (CDP-2 and HDA-1 Associated Protein)] deacetylates heterochromatic nucleosomes, as loss of individual HCHC members increases centromeric acetylation, and alters the methylation of cytosines in DNA. (bvsalud.org)
Here we identify Heterochromatin Protein 1β (HP1β) as an essential protein for proper differentiation, and, unexpectedly, for the maintenance of pluripotency in ESCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Community-led discussions at the EMBO Workshop on Histone Variants in 2011 resulted in agreement amongst experts on a revised systematic protein nomenclature for histones, which is based on a combination of phylogenetic classification and historical symbol usage. (biomedcentral.com)
DUX4 protein sequences beginning at the ATG start codon, with the stop codon indicated, and the 3′UTRs shown in orange. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
The two DUX4‐fl isoforms produce the same protein sequence and differ only in the splicing of the 3′UTR. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Several voices have questioned this use of the word epigenetics, because many histone PTMs do not carry heritable information [1] - [8] . (plos.org)
Drug-like molecules that can reprogram selected histone PTMs in tumour cells are therefore of interest as potential cancer chemopreventive agents. (biomedcentral.com)
Garcinol treatment alters expression of chromatin modifying enzymes in MCF7 cells, resulting in reprogramming of key histone and p53 PTMs and growth arrest, underscoring its potential as a cancer chemopreventive agent. (biomedcentral.com)
Histone PTMs are also critical for other genomic functions, such as DNA replication and induction of repair mechanisms at sites of DNA damage [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, drug-like molecules that target chromatin modifying enzymes to reprogram selected histone PTMs in tumour cells may have potential as cancer chemopreventive agents. (biomedcentral.com)

Our aim is to investigate the role of histone methylation (H3K9me3) of Rac1 promoter in dynamic DNA methylation- transcriptional activation. (nature.com)
Crosstalk between H3K9me3 and DNA methylation was examined in cells transfected with siRNA of histone trimethyl-transferase, Suv39H1, or Dnmt1 , exposed to high glucose. (nature.com)
Here, we report an optogenetic sensor for live-cell visualization of histone H3 methylated at lysine-9 (H3K9me3) named MPP8-LAMS (MPP8-based light-activated modification sensor). (bvsalud.org)

The effects of DNA methylation and the histone code are due, at least in part, to modification-specific recruitment of factors, such as heterochromatin-associated proteins (HP1) and methyl-binding domain proteins, which establish and maintain higher order of chromatin structure. (aacrjournals.org)
RNA-directed modification of histones is essential for the maintenance of heterochromatin in higher eukaryotes. (omicsdi.org)
In plants, cytosine methylation is an additional factor regulating inactive chromatin, but the mechanisms regulating the coexistence of cytosine methylation and repressive histone modification remain obscure. (omicsdi.org)
The results suggest that MOM1 transduces RdDM signals to repressive histone modification in the core region of RdDM. (omicsdi.org)
In this study we assessed the effects of the phytocompounds garcinol and curcumin on histone and p53 modification in cancer cells, focussing on the breast tumour cell line MCF7. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, our data show that post-transcriptional modification of histones, particularly H3K27 trimethylation, leads to the structural and functional maturation of Paneth cells during postnatal development. (researchsquare.com)
We investigated histone modification patterns in testes of D. melanogaster and D. hydei . (biomedcentral.com)
In somatic cells of the testis envelope and in germ cells these modification patterns differ from those typically seen in eu- and heterochromatin of other somatic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Histone modification patterns in the male germ line differ from expected patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
The cell cycle-regulated histone variant H3.1 and H3.3, expressed throughout the cell cycle, also vary in their modification patterns. (biomedcentral.com)

Variants in human histone H4 were only recently discovered and are very rare. (wikipedia.org)

Cell viability/proliferation assays, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, immunodetection of specific histone and p53 acetylation marks, western blotting, siRNA and RT-qPCR. (biomedcentral.com)

Histone acetylation is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and is counteracted by histone deacetylases (HDACs). (musculoskeletalkey.com)

Eukaryotic organisms can produce small amounts of specialized variant core histones that differ in amino acid sequence from the main ones. (wikipedia.org)

Treatment of senescent cells with trichostatin A, a class I/II histone deacetylase inhibitor, also induced rapid and reversible decondensation of SAHFs. (biomedcentral.com)
Treating 293T cells with a histone deacetylase inhibitor increased acetylated histone H4 binding to the NR0B1 promoter and activated NR0B1 expression. (oncotarget.com)

Constitutive heterochromatin is a compact, transcriptionally inert structure formed in gene-poor and repeat- and transposon-rich regions. (omicsdi.org)
In Arabidopsis, constitutive heterochromatin is characterized by hypermethylated DNA and histone H3 dimethylated at lysine (K) 9 (H3K9me2) together with depletion of histone H3 dimethylated at lysine 4 (H3K4me2). (omicsdi.org)
Induction of RNA-directed DNA methylation upon decondensation of constitutive heterochromatin. (omicsdi.org)
Centromeric constitutive heterochromatin is marked by DNA methylation and dimethylated histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9me2) in Arabidopsis. (omicsdi.org)
The mechanism by which constitutive heterochromatin is protected from RdDM remains puzzling. (omicsdi.org)

Cheng X., Blumenthal R.M., Coordinated chromatin control: structural and functional linkage of DNA and histone methylation. (biologie-journal.org)
HP1 is a structural component of heterochromatin. (cipsm.de)

Histone H4 is one of the five main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)

Histone hyperacetylation and H3K4 methylation are associated with unmethylated DNA, euchromatin, and gene expression ( Fig. 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Long before the identification of its molecular nature, it was recognized that chromatin exists in two main states: the densely stained heterochromatin contrasting with euchromatin ( Heitz, 1928 ). (biologists.com)

The morphological and functional maturation of Paneth cells occurred in the first 2 weeks and was accompanied by histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) trimethylation. (researchsquare.com)
Inhibition of H3K27 trimethylation suppressed crypt formation and Paneth cell maturation on organoids derived from ileum of early second postnatal mouse. (researchsquare.com)

The Osteogenic Growth Peptide (OGP) is a 14-aa peptide produced from alternative translation of histone H4 mRNA, sharing the C-terminal sequence ALKRQGRTLYGFGG of histone H4. (wikipedia.org)
Translation is initiated at the 85th amino acid of the histone H4 mRNA, resulting in a 19-aa peptide (preOGP). (wikipedia.org)
In 1984, researchers identified a site that was specifically methylated-the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of bovine prolactin mRNA. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Adenot P.G., Mercier Y., Renard J.P., Thompson E.M., Differential H4 acetylation of paternal, maternal chromatin precedes DNA replication, and differential transcriptional activity in pronuclei of 1-cell mouse embryos. (biologie-journal.org)
Biased fork movement coupled with a strand preference in histone incorporation would explain how asymmetric old and new H3 and H4 are established during replication. (sdbonline.org)
In addition to packaging the DNA into the nucleus, histones play multiple roles in gene expression, DNA replication and DNA damage repair. (biomedcentral.com)

To fit it into a nucleus with a diameter of ~10 μm, DNA is wrapped around histone octamers, creating strings of nucleosomes that can be further organized into higher-order levels of compaction [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
SIRT2, an NAD-dependent class III histone deacetylase, contributes to H4-K16Ac deacetylation and DNA compaction in human fibroblast cell lines that assemble striking senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHFs). (biomedcentral.com)
Acetylation of H4-K16 neutralizes its basic charge and inhibits compaction of the chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)

diabetes alters retinal histone methylation machinery. (nature.com)

Here, we report that the vegetative cell nuclei (VN) of the male gametophyte (pollen) invariably undergo extensive decondensation of centromeric heterochromatin and lose centromere identity. (omicsdi.org)

For example, the amino acid sequence of histone H4 from a pea and cow differ at only 2 out of the 102 positions. (wikipedia.org)

The various members of this group of enzymes are highly specialized in methylating selected lysines or arginines to a certain degree (monomethylation, dimethylation, trimethylation). (musculoskeletalkey.com)

In mammalian cells this requires synthesis of about 10 8 molecules of each of the four core histone proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Analysis of a single-copy gene, SUPPRESSOR OF drm1 drm2 cmt3 (SDC), revealed that mom1 activates SDC with concomitant reduction of di-methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2) at the tandem repeats in the promoter region without changes in siRNA accumulation and cytosine methylation. (omicsdi.org)

The DNA in all eukaryotic cells is packaged with histones to form chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy28

Organisms8

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs104

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes104

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Modifications48

Epigenetic7

H3K97

Residues3

Nucleosome3

Phosphorylation1

Genes12

Genome8

Methyltransferase1

Tails1

Transcription13

Octamer2

Drosophila4

Investigated histone marks1

H3K27me31

Acetyltransferase4

Repression1

H3K4me31

Chromosome2

Repressive histone marks1

Protein6

PTMs5

H3K9me33

Modification10

Variants1

Specific histone1

Deacetylases1

Core histones1

Deacetylase inhibitor2

Constitutive heterochromatin5

Structural2

Structure of chromatin1

Euchromatin2

H3K272

MRNA3

Replication3

Compaction3

Alters1

Centromeric1

Amino acid1

Enzymes1

Mammalian1

SiRNA1

Eukaryotic cells1